III/137 Spectroscopically Identified Hot Subdwarf Stars (Kilkenny+ 1988)
A Catalogue of Spectroscopically Identified Hot Subdwarf Stars
Kilkenny D., Heber U., Drilling J.S.
<S.Afr. Astron. Obs. Circ., 12, 1-80 (1988)>
=1988SAAOC..12....1K 1988SAAOC..12....1K
ADC_Keywords: Stars, population II ; Stars, subdwarf
Abstract:
The catalog contains data for 1225 spectroscopically classified hot
subdwarf stars. It excludes central stars of planetary nebulae but
includes stars in binary systems. The data assembled include, where
available, alternative designations, accurate coordinates, UBV and
uvby photometry, spectral types and determinations of effective
temperature and surface gravity.
Introduction:
Prior to 1986 there were around 200 spectroscopically classified hot
subdwarf stars. The Palomar-Green survey (Green et al.,
1986ApJS...61..305G 1986ApJS...61..305G) detected over 900 hot subdwarfs, mostly in the
North Galactic Cap and mostly previously unknown objects; the
Kitt-Peak_Downes survey found another 60 near the Galactic Plane
(Downes, 1986ApJS...61..569D 1986ApJS...61..569D). These form the basis of the present
catalog but new subdwarfs are continually being found by spectroscopic
surveys of photographically discovered faint blue star samples;
examples are the work of Wegner and his co-workers on the Kiso survey
(Wegner et al., 1985AJ.....90.1511W 1985AJ.....90.1511W, 1986AJ.....91..139W 1986AJ.....91..139W,
1987AJ.....94.1271W 1987AJ.....94.1271W) and of Kilkenny and Muller (1987) on southern
discoveries by Luyten and collaborators (e.g. Haro and Luyten, 1962,
Cat. III/74; Luyten and Anderson, 1958, 1959, 1967, "A Search for
Faint Blue Stars").
Only stars for which a spectroscopic classification exists have been
included. There is a significant probability that stars with only
photometric classifications can be normal high-latitude B stars, white
dwarfs or cataclysmic variable, for example. Hot subdwarfs in binary
systems have been included but not planetary nebulae nuclei classified
'sd' since the latter have been catalogued elsewhere.
Although there is not a universally accepted classification scheme for
hot subdwarfs, it is fairly clear that the main criterion is a surface
gravity higher than that of hot main sequence stars but less than that
of hot white dwarfs. Also, hot subdwarf stars typically show helium
abundance anomalies.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
data.dat 110 1714 Data on hot subdwarf stars
position.dat 136 1231 Accurate position and designation understandable
by Simbad for the star (added at CDS)
refs.dat 132 106 References
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: data.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 A10 --- ID Star identification (1)
12- 21 A10 --- Bname Designation from position (2)
23- 24 I2 h RA50h Right Ascension (1950) hours (3)
26- 27 I2 min RA50m Right Ascension (1950) minutes (3)
29- 30 I2 s RA50s Right Ascension (1950) seconds (3)
31 A1 --- q_RA50s [ab] Accuracy of right ascension (3)
32 A1 --- DE50- Declination (1950) sign (3)
33- 34 I2 deg DE50d Declination (1950) degrees (3)
36- 37 I2 arcmin DE50m Declination (1950) arcminutes (3)
39- 40 I2 arcsec DE50s ?Declination (1950) arcseconds (3)
41 A1 --- q_DE50s [abc] Accuracy of declination (3)
43- 50 A8 --- Name Alternative name for star (4)
52- 56 F5.2 mag Vmag [8/18]? V magnitude (5)
57 A1 --- u_Vmag [ :] Uncertainty flag on Vmag
59- 64 F6.3 mag ci1 ? (B-V) or (b-y) color index (5)
65 A1 --- u_ci1 [ :] Uncertainty flag on color1
67- 72 F6.3 mag ci2 ? (U-B) or m1 color index (5)
73 A1 --- u_ci2 [ :] Uncertainty flag on color2
75- 80 F6.3 mag ci3 ? c1 or blank color index (5)
82- 83 A2 --- r_Vmag Reference for the photometry
85- 90 A6 --- Sp MK Spectral type (6)
92- 93 A2 --- r_Sp A reference for the spectral type
95 A1 --- l_Teff [ >] Limit flag on Teff
96- 99 F4.2 [K] Teff ? log of effective temperature (7)
100 A1 --- u_Teff [ :] Uncertainty flag on Teff
102 A1 --- l_log(g) [ >] Limit flag on log(g)
103-106 F4.2 [cm/s2] log(g) ? Log of surface gravity
107 A1 --- u_log(g) [ :] Uncertainty flag on log(g)
109-110 A2 --- r_log(g) Reference for Teff and log(g)
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Note (1):
The star name from the original discovery catalog, unless a more
common name (such as an HD designation) exists. This has been done
even when the discovery catalog gave a 'faint blue object' type rather
than a spectroscopic classification because much of the published
literature naturally uses the 'discovery' name.
Some stars in the data file occupy multiple records. In this case, ID
and Bname are repeated for all applicable records.
Source catalogues (other than HD,BD,CD,CPD) are:
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HZ M.L.Humason and F.Zwicky 1947ApJ...105...85H 1947ApJ...105...85H
LB W.J.Luyten et al. A search for Faint Blue Stars Nos
1-50 University of Minnesota (1955-69)
Feige J. Feige 1958ApJ...128..267F 1958ApJ...128..267F
TON B.Iriarte and E.Chavira 1957BOTT....2p...3I 1957BOTT....2p...3I (V2 Nol6,3 1958)
E.Chavira 1959BOTT....2r...3C 1959BOTT....2r...3C (V2,Nol8,3 1959)
TONS E.Chavira 1958BOTT....2q..15C 1958BOTT....2q..15C (V2,Nol7,15 1958)
SSII A.Slettebak and J.Stock Astron.Abh.Hamburg Obs. 5,5 (1959)
LSII J.Stock, J.J.Nassau and C.B.Stephenson
Luminous Stars in the Northern
Milky Way Vol 2 (1960) Hamburg/Warner
and Swasey (see Cat. III/76)
LSIV J.J.Nassau and C.B.Stephenson Luminous Stars in the Northern Milky
Way Vol 4 (1963) Hamburg/Warner and
Swasey (see Cat. III/76)
LSVI J.J.Nassau, C.B.Stephenson and D.J.MacConnell
Luminous Stars in the Northern
Milky Way Vol 6 (1965) Hamburg/Warner
and Swasey (see Cat. III/76)
PHL G.Haro and W.J.Luyten Bol.Obs.Ton.y Tacubaya 3,No 22, 37
(1962, Cat. III/74)
CD H.L.Giclas,R.Burnham Jr. and N.G.Thomas
various Lowell Obs.Bulletins
summarized in Low. Obs.Bull. 8,157
(1980, see Cat. I/79, I/112)
EG O.J.Eggen and J.L.Greenstein 1965ApJ...141...83E 1965ApJ...141...83E
KS G.Klare and B.Szeidl Veroff.Landess.Heidelberg 18 (1966)
JL S.Jaidee and G.Lynga Arkiv for Astronomi 5,345 (1969)
SB A.Slettebak and R.K.Brundage Astron.J. 76,338 (1971AJ.....76..338S 1971AJ.....76..338S)
LSS C.B.Stephenson and N.Sanduleak Publ.Warner and Swasey Obs. 1,1 (1971)
Cat. III/43
RL V.C.Rubin and J.M.Losee 1971AJ.....76.1099R 1971AJ.....76.1099R
RUT V.C.Rubin,D.Uestpfahl and M.Tuve 1974AJ.....79.1406R 1974AJ.....79.1406R
PS A.G.D.Philip and J.Stock 1972BOTT....6..201P 1972BOTT....6..201P
FB J.L.Greenstein and A.I.Sargent 1974ApJS...28..157G 1974ApJS...28..157G
PB J.Berger and A.M.Fringant Astron. and Astrophys.Suppl.
28,123 (1977), 39, 39 (1980)
58,565 (1984), Cat. II/239
KUV T.Noguchi, H.Maehara and M.Kondo 1980AnTok..18...55N 1980AnTok..18...55N (in Cat. II/106)
M.Kondo T.Noguchi and H.Maehara 1984AnTok..20..130K 1984AnTok..20..130K (in Cat. II/106)
UVO D.J.Carnochan and R.Wilson 1983MNRAS.202..317C 1983MNRAS.202..317C
CBS P.Pesch and N.Sanduleak (I) 1983ApJS...51..171P 1983ApJS...51..171P
N.Sanduleak and P.Pesch (II) 1984ApJS...55..517S 1984ApJS...55..517S
P.Pesch and N.Sanduleak (III) 1986ApJS...60..543P 1986ApJS...60..543P
P.Pesch and N.Sanduleak (V) 1988ApJS...66..297P 1988ApJS...66..297P
PG R.F.Green, M.Schmidt and J.Liebe 1986ApJS...61..305G 1986ApJS...61..305G, Cat. II/207
KPD R A. Downes 1986ApJS...61..569D 1986ApJS...61..569D
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Note (2):
Where an RA/Dec designation exists, this has been included using the
convention RA (hours, minutes, decimal minutes), sign, Dec (degrees,
minutes) with truncation for the last figure in RA and Dec (this
avoids occasional rounding ambiguities). The Kiso surveys (Noguchi
et al., 1980, Cat. II/106; Kondo et al., 1984AnTok..20..130K 1984AnTok..20..130K) use
rounding to determine the RA/Dec type nomenclature and this has been
retained in this catalog to avoid confusing the identification in
published material. Thus, there are sometimes small differences
between the KUV and PG names; in this case, both are given.
Note (3):
Coordinates for 1950 quoted to second and arcsecond accuracy where
possible ('a' accuracy flag); 'b' indicates a tenth of a second or
arcsecond accuracy, and 'c' a one arcmin accuracy. More accurate
co-ordinates can sometimes be found in the source catalogues.
Note (4):
Alternative names. The authors have tried to include as many common
names as possible for each object but have not exhaustively
cross-indexed all possible catalogs. Durchmusterung designations for
HD stars are not included although such will almost always exist.
Note on (5):
The Johnson or Stroemgren photometry. Because these data occupy the
same columns, the immediate way to tell which is which is that the UBV
photometry has three quantities; the uvby has four. Hence, where
partial information is available in the literature (E.g. V and (B-V)
or V, (b-y) and m1) only the magnitude has been listed in this catalog
and the original reference must be consulted for the data.
Occasionally, a reference will contain other photometric information
such as RI or even infrared photometry, so it is always worth checking
the original source.
Note (6):
Spectral type quoted directly from the literature. No attempt has been
made to put the classifications on a uniform system. Probably this
should be left until a clear picture of the evolution of hot subdwarf
stars emerges.
Originally the classes 'sd B' and 'sd O' were recognized by broad
Balmer line absorption and the early confluence of the Balmer series;
B types were classified by weak or non-existent helium lines and O
types by the presence of HeII 4686 or other HeII lines (see e.g.
Sargent and Searle 1968ApJ...152..443S 1968ApJ...152..443S).
Vauclair and Liebert (1987) accept the sd B, OB, O sequence as one of
increasing temperature and helium abundance but propose a new 'hot sd'
category with Teff > 60000 K which overlaps with planetary nebula
nuclei, PG 1159 stars and hot white dwarfs. Recent spectroscopic
analyses (Heber and Hunger 1987, Mendez et al. 1988) indicate that
there is indeed an overlap of hot sdO stars with central stars of
planetary nebulae and vice versa.
In the Palomar-Green survey, Green et al. (1986ApJS...61..305G 1986ApJS...61..305G) use a
scheme which is worth summarizing here because the PG-classified stars
are a substantial fraction of our catalogue. Briefly:
sd B = broad Balmer series absorption
sd B-O = sd B stars with very weak HeI 4471
sd OA = strong Balmer absorption with HeI 4471 and often HeI 4026
sd OB = dominated by HeI and HeII lines; often Balmer absorption
present
sd OC = dominated by HeII absorption; possibly weak HeI 4471 and
Balmer series blended with HeII Brackett lines
sd OD = 'pure' HeI absorption; weak or absent H and HeII
sd O = HeII 4686 and often HeI 4471 present but signal/noise too
poor for further classification
sd = broad Balmer series absorption but signal/noise too poor for
further classification.
However, the PG classification 'sdOB' is a helium-rich sdO star quite
different from the Baschek and Norris (1975ApJ...199..694B 1975ApJ...199..694B)
helium-weak 'sdOB'. To separate the authors have introduced the
nomenclature sdO(A), sdO(B), sdO(C) and sdO(D) to replace the PG
sdOA, ...... , sdOD subtypes.
Note (7):
log (effective temperature). Often this is published as K temperature;
we have given the logarithm to two decimal places only
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: position.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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2 I1 --- Nr [1/6] Number of records related to this ID
4- 5 I2 h RAh Right Ascension J2000 (hours)
6 A1 --- --- [:]
7- 8 I2 min RAm Right Ascension J2000 (minutes)
9 A1 --- --- [:]
10- 14 F5.2 s RAs Right Ascension J2000 (seconds)
16 A1 --- DE- Declination J2000 (sign)
17- 18 I2 deg DEd Declination J2000 (degrees)
19 A1 --- --- [:]
20- 21 I2 arcmin DEm Declination J2000 (minutes)
22 A1 --- --- [:]
23- 26 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination J2000 (seconds)
28 A1 --- --- [=]
29- 48 A20 --- SName Name understandable by Simbad
61-136 A76 --- Comment Comment added at CDS about the star
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 A2 --- ref Reference code, as it appears in data.dat
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode 19-digit reference code
24-132 A109 --- text Text of reference
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History:
* 22-May-1996, by Julie Anne Watko [ADC/SSDOO]:
The catalogue was sent to the ADC by Dr. Kilkenny for which we thank
him. This document is nearly a verbatim copy of the published text
with the exception of the format tables by Julie Anne Watko, and minor
changes, particularly the elimination of the first-person references.
* 18-Aug-2016, by Francois Ochsenbein [CDS]:
Unambiguous names and accurate positions have been added in the additional
file "position.dat". 33 problems or errors have been found in the course
of this identification process, which are reported in this file.
Bibcodes have been added in the file "refs.dat".
References:
Baschek, B. and Norris, J., 1975. Astrophys. J. 199, 694.
(1975ApJ...199..694B 1975ApJ...199..694B)
Demers, S., Fontaine, G., Wesemael, F., Lamontagne, R. and Irwin, M.J.,
1987. IAU Colloquium 95 (in press).
Downes, R.A., 1986. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 61, 569 (1986ApJS...61..569D 1986ApJS...61..569D)
Green, R.F., Schmidt, M. and Liebert, J., 1986. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 61,
305 (1986ApJS...61..305G 1986ApJS...61..305G)
Greenstein, J.L., 1966. Astrophys. J. 144, 496 (1966ApJ...144..496G 1966ApJ...144..496G)
Haro, G. & Luyten, W.J., 1962. Bol. Obs. Ton. Tacubaya 3, 37 (Cat. III/74)
Heber, U., 1986. Astron. and Astrophys. 155, 33 (1986A&A...155...33H 1986A&A...155...33H)
Heber, U. and Hunger, K., 1984. Proc. 4th European IAU Conference, ESA
SP-218, p 273.
Heber, U. and Hunger, K., 1987. ESO Messenger 47, 36 (1987Msngr..47...36H 1987Msngr..47...36H)
Heber, U., Hunger, K., Jonas, G. and Kudritzki, R.P., 1984a. Astron.
Astrophys. 130, 119 (1984A&A...130..119H 1984A&A...130..119H)
Heber, U., Hunger, K., Kudritzki, R.P. Simon, K.P., 1984b. IAU Symposium
106, 215.
Kilkenny, D. and Muller, S., 1988. SAAO Circular (in press).
Kilkenny, D., Heber, U. and Drilling, J.S., 1987. IAU Colloquium 95 (in
press).
Kondo, M., Noguchi, T. and Maehara, H., 1984. Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs. 20,
130 (1984AnTok..20..130K 1984AnTok..20..130K)
Luyten, W.J. and Anderson, J.H., 1958. A Search for Faint Blue Stars
Vol. XII. Univ. of Minnesota.
Luyten, W.J. and Anderson, J.H., 1958. A Search for Faint Blue Stars
Vol. XLIV. Univ. of Minnesota.
Luyten, W.J. and Anderson, J.H., 1967. A Search for Faint Blue Stars
Vol. XLIV. Univ. of Minnesota.
Mendez, R.H., Kudritzki, R.P., Herrero, A., Husfeld, D. and Groth, H.G.,
1988. Astron. Astrophys. 190, 113 (1988A&A...190..113M 1988A&A...190..113M)
Noguchi, T., Maehara, H. and Kondo, M., 1980. Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs. 18,
55 (1980AnTok..18...55N 1980AnTok..18...55N, Cat. II/106)
Sargent, W.L.W. and Searle, L., 1968. Astrophys. J. 152, 443
(1968ApJ...152..443S 1968ApJ...152..443S)
Stobie, R.S., Morgan, D.H., Bhatia, R.K., Kilkenny, D. and O'Donoghue,
D., 1987. IAU Colloquium 95 (in press).
Wegner, G. and McMahan, R.K., 1985. Astron. J. 90, 1511 (1985AJ.....90.1511W 1985AJ.....90.1511W)
Wegner, G. and McMahan, R.K., 1986. Astron. J. 91, 139 (1986AJ.....91..139W 1986AJ.....91..139W)
Wegner, G., McMahan, R.K. and Boley, F.I., 1987. Astron. J. 94, 1271
(1987AJ.....94.1271W 1987AJ.....94.1271W)
Vauclair, G. and Liebert, J., 1987. Exploring the Universe with the IUE
Satellite, p 355, ed. Y. Kondo, D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
(End) Julie Anne Watko [ADC/SSDOO] 22-May-1996