J/A+A/434/483 An XMM-Newton survey of M 31 (Pietsch+, 2005)
An XMM-Newton survey of M 31.
Pietsch W., Freyberg M., Haberl F.
<Astron. Astrophys. 434, 483 (2005)>
=2005A&A...434..483P 2005A&A...434..483P
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; X-ray sources
Keywords: galaxies: individual: M 31 - X-rays: galaxies
Abstract:
In an analysis of XMM archival observations of the bright Local Group
spiral galaxy M 31 we study the population of X-ray sources (X-ray
binaries, supernova remnants) down to a 0.2-4.5keV luminosity of
4.4x1034erg/s. EPIC hardness ratios and optical and radio
information are used to distinguish between different source classes.
The survey detects 856 sources in an area of 1.24 square degrees. We
correlate our sources with earlier M 31 X-ray catalogues and use
information from optical, infra-red and radio wavelengths. As sources
within M 31 we detect 21 supernova remnants (SNR) and 23 SNR
candidates, 18 supersoft source (SSS) candidates, 7 X-ray binaries
(XRBs) and 9 XRB candidates, as well as 27 globular cluster sources
(GlC) and 10 GlC candidates, which most likely are low mass XRBs
within the GlC. Comparison to earlier X-ray surveys reveal transients
not detected with XMM-Newton, which add to the number of M 31 XRBs.
There are 567 sources classified as hard, which may either be XRBs or
Crab-like SNRs in M 31 or background AGN. The number of 44 SNRs and
candidates more than doubles the X-ray-detected SNRs. 22 sources are
new SNR candidates in M 31 based on X-ray selection criteria. Another
SNR candidate may be the first plerion detected outside the Galaxy and
the Magellanic Clouds. On the other hand, six sources are foreground
stars and 90 foreground star candidates, one is a BL Lac-type active
galactic nucleus (AGN) and 36 are AGN candidates, one source coincides
with the Local Group galaxy M 32, one with a background galaxy cluster
(GCl) and another is a GCl candidate, all sources not connected to M31.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 130 11 log of archival M 31 observation overlapping
with the optical D25 ellipse
(proposal numbers 010927, 011257 and 015158)
table2.dat 725 856 X-ray source catalogue of the XMM-Newton EPIC
M 31 observations
refs.dat 77 42 References
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See also:
II/144 : Brightest stars in the field of M31 (Berkhuijsen+ 1988)
II/145 : Brightest stars in a M31 foreground field (Berkhuijsen+, 1988)
B/xmm : XMM-Newton Observation Log (XMM-Newton SOC, 2002)
J/A+A/373/63 : M31 second ROSAT PSPC survey (Supper+, 2001)
J/ApJ/577/738 : M31 Chandra X-ray point sources (Kong+, 2002)
J/ApJ/578/114 : Chandra HRC source in M31 (Kaaret, 2002)
J/A+A/426/11 : XMM-Newton survey of Local Group galaxy M 33 (Pietsch+ 2004)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 11 A11 --- Field M31 field designation
13- 18 A6 --- M31ID Code for the field
20- 29 A10 --- ObsID ? Observation identification number
31- 40 A10 "YYYY-MM-DD" ObsDate Observation date
41- 43 A3 --- n_ObsDate Second day of observation
45 I1 h RAh ? Pointing direction right ascension, J2000
47- 48 I2 min RAm ? Pointing direction right ascension, J2000
50- 53 F4.1 s RAs ? Pointing direction right ascension, J2000
55 A1 --- DE- ? Pointing direction declination sign, J2000
56- 57 I2 deg DEd ? Pointing direction declination, J2000
59- 60 I2 arcmin DEm ? Pointing direction declination, J2000
62- 63 I2 arcsec DEs ? Pointing direction declination, J2000
65- 68 F4.1 arcmin ORA ? Offset in right ascension (1)
70- 73 F4.1 arcmin ODE ? Offset in declination (1)
75- 80 A6 --- PNFilter EPIC PN filter (2)
82- 86 F5.2 ks PNExpT ? PN exposition time after screening
for high background
88- 92 F5.2 ks PNExpTC ? PN exposition time of colour image
94- 99 A6 --- M1Filter EPIC MOS1 filter (2)
101-105 F5.2 ks M1ExpT ? MOS1 exposition time after screening for
high background
107-111 F5.2 ks M1ExpTC ? MOS1 exposition time of colour image
113-118 A6 --- M2Filter EPIC MOS2 filter (2)
120-124 F5.2 ks M2ExpT ? MOS2 exposition time after screening for
high background
126-130 F5.2 ks M2ExpTC ? MOS2 exposition time of colour image
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Note (1): Systematic offset in Ra and Dec in arcsec determined from
correlations with 2MASS, USNO-B1 and catalogues.
Note (2): All observations in full frame imaging mode.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- [PFH2005] Source Number
5- 10 A6 --- M31ID Code of the detection field in which the
source was entered in the catalogue
11- 12 I2 h RAh Right Ascension J2000 (hours)
14- 15 I2 min RAm Right Ascension J2000 (minutes)
17- 21 F5.2 s RAs Right Ascension J2000 (seconds)
24 A1 --- DE- Declination J2000 (sign)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Declination J2000 (degrees)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Declination J2000 (minutes)
31- 34 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination J2000 (seconds)
36- 40 F5.2 arcsec PosErr Positional error (1)
42- 49 E8.2 --- LH Source detection likelihood (combined EPIC)
51- 58 E8.2 ct/s CRate Combined EPIC count rate (2)
60- 66 E7.1 ct/s e_CRate Error in CRate
68- 75 E8.2 mW/m2 CFlux Combined EPIC flux in erg/cm2/s (2)
77- 83 E7.1 mW/m2 e_CFlux Error in CFlux
85- 89 F5.2 --- CHR1 ? Combined EPIC hardness ratio 1 (3)
91- 94 F4.2 --- e_CHR1 ? Error in CHR1
96-100 F5.2 --- CHR2 ? Combined EPIC hardness ratio 2 (3)
102-105 F4.2 --- e_CHR2 ? Error in CHR2
107-111 F5.2 --- CHR3 ? Combined EPIC hardness ratio 3 (3)
113-116 F4.2 --- e_CHR3 ? Error in CHR3
118-122 F5.2 --- CHR4 ? Combined EPIC hardness ratio 4 (3)
124-127 F4.2 --- e_CHR4 ? Error in CHR4
129-131 A3 --- VAL EPIC instruments contributing to source
detection (4)
133-137 F5.1 ks PNExpo ? Exposure of EPIC pn instrument
139-146 E8.2 --- PNLH ? EPIC pn source detection likelihood
148-155 E8.2 ct/s PNRate ? EPIC pn count rate (2)
157-163 E7.1 ct/s e_PNRate ? Error in PNRate
165-172 E8.2 mW/m2 PNFlux ? EPIC pn flux in erg/cm2/s (2)
174-180 E7.1 mW/m2 e_PNFlux ? Error in PNFlux
182-186 F5.2 --- PNHR1 ? EPIC pn hardness ratio 1 (3)
188-191 F4.2 --- e_PNHR1 ? Error in PNHR1
193-197 F5.2 --- PNHR2 ? EPIC pn hardness ratio 2 (3)
199-202 F4.2 --- e_PNHR2 ? Error in PNHR2
204-208 F5.2 --- PNHR3 ? EPIC pn hardness ratio 3 (3)
210-213 F4.2 --- e_PNHR3 ? Error in PNHR3
215-219 F5.2 --- PNHR4 ? EPIC pn hardness ratio 4 (3)
221-224 F4.2 --- e_PNHR4 ? Error in PNHR4
226-230 F5.1 ks M1Expo ? Exposure of EPIC MOS1 instrument
232-239 E8.2 --- M1LH ? EPIC MOS1 source detection likelihood
241-248 E8.2 ct/s M1Rate ? EPIC MOS1 count rate (2)
250-256 E7.1 ct/s e_M1Rate ? Error in M1Rate
258-265 E8.2 mW/m2 M1Flux ? EPIC MOS1 flux in erg/cm2/s (2)
267-273 E7.1 mW/m2 e_M1Flux ? Error in M1Flux
275-279 F5.2 --- M1HR1 ? EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 1 (3)
281-284 F4.2 --- e_M1HR1 ? Error in M1HR1
286-290 F5.2 --- M1HR2 ? EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 2 (3)
292-295 F4.2 --- e_M1HR2 ? Error in M1HR2
297-301 F5.2 --- M1HR3 ? EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 3 (3)
303-306 F4.2 --- e_M1HR3 ? Error in M1HR3
308-312 F5.2 --- M1HR4 ? EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 4 (3)
314-317 F4.2 --- e_M1HR4 ? Error in M1HR4
319-323 F5.1 ks M2Expo ? Exposure of EPIC MOS2 instrument
325-332 E8.2 --- M2LH ? EPIC MOS2 source detection likelihood
334-341 E8.2 ct/s M2Rate ? EPIC MOS2 count rate (2)
343-349 E7.1 ct/s e_M2Rate ? Error in M2Rate
351-358 E8.2 mW/m2 M2Flux ? EPIC MOS2 flux in erg/cm2/s (2)
360-366 E7.1 mW/m2 e_M2Flux ? Error in M2Flux
368-372 F5.2 --- M2HR1 ? EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 1 (3)
374-377 F4.2 --- e_M2HR1 ? Error in M2HR1
379-383 F5.2 --- M2HR2 ? EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 2 (3)
385-388 F4.2 --- e_M2HR2 ? Error in M2HR2
390-394 F5.2 --- M2HR3 ? EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 3 (3)
396-399 F4.2 --- e_M2HR3 ? Error in M2HR3
401-405 F5.2 --- M2HR4 ? EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 4 (3)
407-410 F4.2 --- e_M2HR4 ? Error in M2HR4
412-566 A155 --- XID ? X-ray identification (5)
569-580 A12 --- USNOB1.0 ? Name of brightest USNO-B1.0
source within search area
582 I1 --- o_USNOB1.0 ? Number of USNO-B1.0 correlations
584-587 F4.1 arcsec USNOdist ? Distance of source USNO-B1.0
589-592 F4.1 mag USNOB2 ? B2 magnitude of source USNO-B1.0
594-597 F4.1 mag USNOR2 ? R2 magnitude of source USNO-B1.0
599-602 F4.1 mag USNOI ? I magnitude of source USNO-B1.0
604-607 F4.1 --- log(fX/fopt) ? Logarithm of X-ray-to-optical fluxes
609-623 A15 --- Class ? Classification of X-ray source (6)
625-724 A100 --- Remarks ? Additional remarks (7)
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Note (1): 1 sigma statistical error, 0.5" to be added as 1 sigma systematic
error
Note (2): Count rate and flux in XID band (0.2-4.5keV)
Note (3): HRi=(R(i+1)-R(i))/(R(i+1)+R(i)) where Ri are the count rates in the
energy bands 1 to 5 and:
band 1 = 0.2-0.5keV,
band 2 = 0.5-1.0keV,
band 3 = 1.0-2.0keV,
band 4 = 2.0-4.5keV,
band 5 = 4.5-12keV
Note (4): First character for EPIC PN, second for MOS1, third for MOS2;
character = T : source is in field of view of instrument
F : otherwise
Note (5): References in XID are coded as follows:
TF91 = Trinchieri et al., 1991ApJ...382...82T 1991ApJ...382...82T
CRP90 = Collura et al., 1990ApJ...356..119C 1990ApJ...356..119C
PFJ93 = Primini et al., 1993ApJ...410..615P 1993ApJ...410..615P
SHP97 = Supper et al., 1997A&A...317..328S 1997A&A...317..328S
CXOGMP Jhhmmss.s+ddmmss = Garcia et al., 2000ApJ...537L..23G 2000ApJ...537L..23G
SHL2001 = Supper et al., 2001A&A...373...63S 2001A&A...373...63S
OBT2001 = Osborne et al., 2001A&A...378..800O 2001A&A...378..800O
am-n = Kong et al., 2002ApJ...577..738K 2002ApJ...577..738K
Di Stefano et al., 2004ApJ...610..247D 2004ApJ...610..247D
Williams et al., 2004ApJ...609..735W 2004ApJ...609..735W
DKG2002 = Di Stefano et al., 2002ApJ...570..618D 2002ApJ...570..618D
Jhhmmss.s+ddmmss = Kaaret, 2002ApJ...578..114K 2002ApJ...578..114K
TKP2004 = Trudolyubov et al., 0401227
Note (6): Classifications used (see Table 5) are the following:
fg Star = foreground star
= foreground star candidate
AGN = active galactic nucleus
= AGN candidate
GAL = galaxy
GCl = galaxy cluster
<GCl> = galaxy cluster candidate
SSS = supersoft source in M 31
= supersoft source candidate in M 31
SNR = supernova remnant in M 31
= supernova remnant candidate in M 31
GlC = source in globular cluster
<GlC> = source in globular cluster candidate
XRB = X-ray binary in M 31
= X-ray binary candidate in M 31
= HR2-e_HR2>-0.2 or only HR3 and HR4 defined, and no other
classification
Note (7): The references are in refs.dat file
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- Ref Reference code
9- 27 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
29- 48 A20 --- Aut Author's name
51- 80 A30 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements: Wolfgang Pietsch <wnp(at)mpe.mpg.de>
(End) Wolfgang Pietsch [MPE, Germany] 17-Dec-2004