J/A+A/448/1247 XMM-Newton survey of M33 (Misanovic+, 2006)
XMM-Newton survey of the Local Group galaxy M33.
Variability of the detected sources.
Misanovic Z., Pietsch W., Haberl F., Ehle M., Hatzidimitriou D.,
Trinchieri G
<Astron. Astrophys. 448, 1247 (2006)>
=2006A&A...448.1247M 2006A&A...448.1247M
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; X-ray sources
Keywords: Galaxies: individual: M33 - X-rays: galaxies ; X-rays: binaries
Abstract:
We present an analysis of the individual observations of a deep
XMM-Newton survey of the Local Group spiral galaxy M33. We detected
a total of 350 sources with fluxes (in the 0.2-4.5keV energy band)
in the range 6.7x10-16-1.5x10-11erg/s. This comprehensive study
considers flux variability, spectral characteristics, and
classification of the detected objects. Thirty-nine objects in our
catalogue are new sources, while 311 were already detected in a
previous analysis of most of the same data using combined images. We
present improved positions of these sources and the X-ray parameters
of each source in each individual observation that covers the source.
We then used these parameters to systematically search for flux
variability on time scales of hours to months or years. The long-term
light-curves were generated for the 61 sources showing a significant
variability of the (0.2-4.5)keV flux, by a factor of 1.2 to 144. The
detected variability was then used to classify 8 new X-ray binary
candidates in M33. Together with the hardness ratio method and
cross-correlation with optical, infrared, and radio data, we also
classify or confirm previous classification of 25 supernova remnants
and candidates, 2 X-ray binaries, and 11 super-soft source candidates
(7 of which are new SSS candidates).
In addition, we classify 13 active galactic nuclei and background
galaxies, 6 stars, and 23 foreground star candidates in the direction
of M33. Further 206 objects are classified as 'hard', approximately
half of which are sources intrinsic to M33. The relative contribution
of the classified XRB and SSS in M33 is now comparable to M31. The
luminosity distribution of SNRs in both spiral galaxies is almost the
same, although the number of the detected SNRs in M33 remains much
higher.
Description:
We present analysis of all 24 archival raster XMM-Newton (Jansen et
al., 2001A&A...365L...1J 2001A&A...365L...1J) observations of M33.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 251 350 X-ray variability of the sources detected in the
XMM-Newton EPIC M33 raster observations
table5.dat 374 2658 X-ray source catalogue of the individual
XMM-Newton EPIC M33 raster observations
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See also:
J/A+A/373/438 : The X-ray view of M33 after ROSAT (Haberl+ 2001)
J/A+A/426/11 : XMM-Newton survey of the Local Group galaxy M33 (Pietsch+ 2004)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- SRC Source Number
5- 7 I3 --- [PMH2004] Source Number Pietsch et al., 2004,
Cat. J/A+A/426/11
9 I1 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
10 A1 --- --- [:]
11- 12 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
13 A1 --- --- [:]
14- 18 F5.2 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
20 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
21- 22 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
23 A1 --- --- [:]
24- 25 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
26 A1 --- --- [:]
27- 30 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
32- 36 F5.2 arcsec e_Pos Positional error
38- 45 E8.3 mW/m2 Fmax Maximum EPIC flux in erg/cm2/s (2)
47- 53 E7.1 mW/m2 e_Fmax Error in Fmax
55- 60 F6.2 --- Var ?=* Variability factor (3)
62- 67 F6.2 --- SigVar ?=* Variability significance (4)
69- 70 I2 --- VarFlag Variability flag (5)
72-109 A38 --- XID X-ray identifications (6)
111-122 A12 --- USNO_B1 USNO_B1 cross-correlation (I/284)
124-127 F4.1 --- log(FX/Fopt) ?=* Logarithm of FX/Fopt
129-145 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS cross-correlation (II/246)
147-151 F5.2 mag Jmag ?=* 2MASS J magnitude
153-157 F5.2 mag Hmag ?=* 2MASS H magnitude
159-163 F5.2 mag Kmag ?=* 2MASS K magnitude
165-178 A14 --- NVSS NVSS cross-correlation (VIII/65)
180-184 F5.2 mJy S1.4GHz ?=* NVSS 1.4 GHz flux
186-200 A15 --- XType Classification of X-ray source (7)
202-251 A50 --- Comm Additional comments (8)
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Note (2): Maximum flux in XID band (0.2-4.5keV)
Note (3): Var=Fmax/Fmin where Fmax and Fmin are the maximum and minimum
XID flux. If source is not detected at the minimum then Fmin is
determined as 3sigma XID flux upper limit.
Note (4): SigVar=(Fmax-Fmin)/sqr(eFmax*eFmax+eFmin*eFmin) where e_Fmax
and e_Fmin are errors in Fmax and Fmin.
Note (5): VarFlag as follows:
1 = Fmin is a non-detection
0 = otherwise
Note (6): References in XID as follows:
X-n = Long et al., 1981ApJ...246L..61L 1981ApJ...246L..61L;
Trinchieri et al., 1988ApJ...329.1037T 1988ApJ...329.1037T
SBn = Schulman & Bregman, 1995ApJ...441..568S 1995ApJ...441..568S
LCBn = Long et al., 1996ApJ...466..750L 1996ApJ...466..750L
DCL97= Dubus et al., 1997ApJ...490L..47D 1997ApJ...490L..47D
DCL99= Dubus et al., 1999MNRAS.302..731D 1999MNRAS.302..731D
HPn = Haberl & Pietsch, 2001A&A...373..438H 2001A&A...373..438H
Note (7): Classifications used (see J/A+A/426/11 (Pietsch+ 2004)), as follows:
fgStar = foreground star
<fgStar> = foreground star candidate
AGN = active galactic nucleus
= AGN candidate
GAL = galaxy
= galaxy candidate
SSS = supersoft source in M33
= supersoft source candidate in M33
SNR = supernova remnant in M 33
= supernova remnant candidate in M33
XRB = X-ray binary in M 33
= HR2-e_HR2>-0.2 or only HR3 and HR4 defined, and no other
classification
Note (8): References for the other identifications as follows:
SIM = SIMBAD Database
NED = NASA Extragalactic Database
NVSS = Condon et al., 1998AJ....115.1693C 1998AJ....115.1693C
CS82 = Christian & Schommer, 1982ApJ...253L..13C 1982ApJ...253L..13C
[MC83]25 = Massey & Conti, 1983ApJ...273..576M 1983ApJ...273..576M
IFM* = Ivanov et al., 1993ApJS...89...85I 1993ApJS...89...85I
GKLn = Gordon et al., 1998ApJS..117...89G 1998ApJS..117...89G
GDKn = Gordon et al., 1999ApJS..120..247G 1999ApJS..120..247G
TYC2293-810-1 = Hog et al., 1998A&A...335L..65H 1998A&A...335L..65H
IV74 = Israel & van der Kruit, 1974A&A....32..363I 1974A&A....32..363I
VBW78 = von Kap-Herr et al., 1978A&A....62...51V 1978A&A....62...51V
M98 = Massey, 1998ApJ...501..153M 1998ApJ...501..153M
MCM2001 = Magrini et al., 2001A&A...367..498M 2001A&A...367..498M
MBH96 = Massey et al., 1996ApJ...469..629M 1996ApJ...469..629M
PMM2004 = Pietsch et al., 2004A&A...413..879P 2004A&A...413..879P
GM94 = Giovagnoli & Mould, 1994PASP..106..376G 1994PASP..106..376G
FS95b = Fabrika et al., 1995Ap&SS.226..229F 1995Ap&SS.226..229F
FSZ = Fabrika et al., 1997BSAO...43..133F 1997BSAO...43..133F
D33 = Macri et al., 2001AJ....121..870M 2001AJ....121..870M;
Mochejska et al., 2001AJ....121.2032M 2001AJ....121.2032M
RW93 = Regan & Wilson, 1993AJ....105..499R 1993AJ....105..499R
VHK = Hubble, 1926ApJ....63..236H 1926ApJ....63..236H
CGC97 = Crampton et al., 1997AJ....114.2353C 1997AJ....114.2353C
BCLMP = Boulesteix et al., 1974A&A....37...33B 1974A&A....37...33B
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- SRC Source Number
5- 11 A7 --- Obs Observation identification
13- 20 E8.3 --- DetML Source detection likelihood (combined EPIC)
22- 29 E8.3 ct/s XIDRate Combined EPIC count rate (1)
31- 37 E7.2 ct/s e_XIDRate Error in XID_RATE
39- 46 E8.3 mW/m2 XIDFlux Combined EPIC flux in erg/cm2/s (1)
48- 54 E7.2 mW/m2 e_XIDFlux Error in XID_FLUX
56- 60 F5.2 --- HR1 ?=* Combined EPIC hardness ratio 1 (2)
62- 65 F4.2 --- e_HR1 ?=* Error in HR1
67- 71 F5.2 --- HR2 ?=* Combined EPIC hardness ratio 2 (2)
73- 76 F4.2 --- e_HR2 ?=* Error in HR2
78- 82 F5.2 --- HR3 ?=* Combined EPIC hardness ratio 3 (2)
84- 87 F4.2 --- e_HR3 ?=* Error in HR3
89- 93 F5.2 --- HR4 ?=* Combined EPIC hardness ratio 4 (2)
95- 98 F4.2 --- e_HR4 ?=* Error in HR4
100-103 F4.1 ks pnExpMap ?=* Exposure of EPIC pn instrument
105-112 E8.3 --- pnDetML ?=* EPIC pn source detection likelihood
114-121 E8.3 ct/s pnXIDRate ?=* EPIC pn count rate (1)
123-129 E7.2 ct/s e_pnXIDRate ?=* Error in pnXIDRATE
131-138 E8.3 mW/m2 pnXIDFlux ?=* EPIC pn flux in erg/cm2/s (1)
140-146 E7.2 mW/m2 e_pnXIDFlux ?=* Error in pnXIDFLUX
148-152 F5.2 --- pnHR1 ?=* EPIC pn hardness ratio 1 (2)
154-157 F4.2 --- e_pnHR1 ?=* Error in pn_HR1
159-163 F5.2 --- pnHR2 ?=* EPIC pn hardness ratio 2 (2)
165-168 F4.2 --- e_pnHR2 ?=* Error in pn_HR2
170-174 F5.2 --- pnHR3 ?=* EPIC pn hardness ratio 3 (2)
176-179 F4.2 --- e_pnHR3 ?=* Error in pn_HR3
181-185 F5.2 --- pnHR4 ?=* EPIC pn hardness ratio 4 (2)
187-190 F4.2 --- e_pnHR4 ?=* Error in pn_HR4
192-195 F4.1 ks m1ExpMap ?=* Exposure of EPIC MOS1 instrument
197-204 E8.3 --- m1DetML ?=* EPIC MOS1 source detection likelihood
206-213 E8.3 ct/s m1XIDRate ?=* EPIC MOS1 count rate (1)
215-221 E7.2 ct/s e_m1XIDRate ?=* Error in m1XIDRATE
223-230 E8.3 mW/m2 m1XIDFlux ?=* EPIC MOS1 flux in erg/cm2/s (1)
232-238 E7.2 mW/m2 e_m1XIDFlux ?=* Error in m1XIDFLUX
240-244 F5.2 --- m1HR1 ?=* EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 1 (2)
246-249 F4.2 --- e_m1HR1 ?=* Error in m1HR1
251-255 F5.2 --- m1HR2 ?=* EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 2 (2)
257-260 F4.2 --- e_m1HR2 ?=* Error in m1HR2
262-266 F5.2 --- m1HR3 ?=* EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 3 (2)
268-271 F4.2 --- e_m1HR3 ?=* Error in m1HR3
273-277 F5.2 --- m1HR4 ?=* EPIC MOS1 hardness ratio 4 (2)
279-282 F4.2 --- e_m1HR4 ?=* Error in m1HR4
284-287 F4.1 ks m2ExpMap ?=* Exposure of EPIC MOS2 instrument
289-296 E8.3 --- m2DetML ?=* EPIC MOS2 source detection likelihood
298-305 E8.3 ct/s m2XIDRate ?=* EPIC MOS2 count rate (1)
307-313 E7.2 ct/s e_m2XIDRate ?=* Error in m2XIDRATE
315-322 E8.3 mW/m2 m2XIDFlux ?=* EPIC MOS2 flux in erg/cm2/s (1)
324-330 E7.2 mW/m2 e_m2XIDFlux ?=* Error in m2XIDFLUX
332-336 F5.2 --- m2HR1 ?=* EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 1 (2)
338-341 F4.2 --- e_m2HR1 ?=* Error in m2HR1
343-347 F5.2 --- m2HR2 ?=* EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 2 (2)
349-352 F4.2 --- e_m2HR2 ?=* Error in m2HR2
354-358 F5.2 --- m2HR3 ?=* EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 3 (2)
360-363 F4.2 --- e_m2HR3 ?=* Error in m2HR3
365-369 F5.2 --- m2HR4 ?=* EPIC MOS2 hardness ratio 4 (2)
371-374 F4.2 --- e_m2HR4 ?=* Error in m2HR4
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Note (1): Count rate and flux in XID band (0.2-4.5keV)
Note (2): HRi=(R(i+1)-R(i))/(R(i+1)+R(i)) where Ri are the count rates
in the energy bands 1 to 5:
band 1 = 0.2-0.5keV,
band 2 = 0.5-1.0keV,
band 3 = 1.0-2.0keV,
band 4 = 2.0-4.5keV,
band 5 = 4.5-12keV
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Acknowledgements: Zdenka Misanovic, zdenka(at)mpe.mpg.de
(End) Zdenka Misanovic [MPE, Germany], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 25-Nov-2005