J/A+A/456/623 VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Evans+, 2006)
The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: observations centered on the
Magellanic Cloud clusters NGC 330, NGC 346, NGC 2004, and the N11 region.
Evans C.J., Lennon D.J., Smartt S.J., Trundle C.
<Astron. Astrophys., 456, 623-638 (2006)>
=2006A&A...456..623E 2006A&A...456..623E
ADC_Keywords: Magellanic Clouds ; Clusters, open ; Photometry ;
Radial velocities
Keywords: stars: early-type - stars: fundamental parameters -
stars: emission-line, Be - binaries: spectroscopic -
galaxies: Magellanic Clouds
Abstract:
We present new observations of 470 stars using the Fibre Large Array
Multi-Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) instrument in fields centered on
the clusters NGC 330 and NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC),
and NGC 2004 and the N11 region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). A
further 14 stars were observed in the N11 and NGC 330 fields using the
Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) for a separate
programme. Spectral classifications and stellar radial velocities are
given for each target, with careful attention to checks for binarity.
In particular, we have investigated previously unexplored regions
around the central LH9/LH10 complex of N11, finding ∼25 new
O-type stars from our spectroscopy. We have observed a relatively
large number of Be-type stars that display permitted Fe II emission
lines. These are primarily not in the cluster cores and appear to be
associated with classical Be-type stars, rather than pre main-sequence
objects. The presence of the Fe II emission, as compared to the
equivalent width of Hα, is not obviously dependent on
metallicity. We have also explored the relative fraction of Be- to
normal B-type stars in the field-regions near to NGC 330 and NGC 2004,
finding no strong evidence of a trend with metallicity when compared
to Galactic results. A consequence of service observations is that we
have reasonable time-sampling in three of our FLAMES fields. We find
lower limits to the binary fraction of O- and early B-type stars of 23
to 36%. One of our targets (NGC 346-013) is especially interesting
with a massive, apparently hotter, less luminous secondary component.
Description:
The adopted photometry and astrometry for the targets in NGC 346 and
NGC 330 is that from the initial ESO Imaging Survey (EIS) pre-FLAMES
release by Momany et al. (2001A&A...379..436M 2001A&A...379..436M).
The N11 region was not covered by the EIS pre-FLAMES Survey and so we
obtained 60s B and V images with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) at the
2.2-m Max Planck Gesellschaft (MPG)/ESO telescope, on 2003 April 04.
NGC 2004 was observed in two of the EIS pre-FLAMES fields, LMC 33 and
34. At the time of the FLAMES observations a full EIS data release was
not available for these fields, so the raw images were acquired from
the ESO archive and reduced using the INT-WFC pipeline (also by Dr. M.
Irwin).
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s) (files)
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00 59 18.0 -72 10 48 NGC 346 = LHA 115-N 66A (table4)
00 56 18.7 -72 27 50 NGC 330 = Cl Kron 35 (table5)
04 57 16.2 -66 23 18 IC 2116 = LHA 120-N 11A (table6)
05 30 40.2 -67 17 14 NGC 2004 = KMHK 991 (table7)
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 152 116 NGC 346: observational parameters of target stars
table5.dat 157 125 NGC 330: observational parameters of target stars
table6.dat 164 124 N 11 : observational parameters of target stars
table7.dat 152 119 NGC 2004: observational parameters of target stars
table8.dat 195 105 Comparison of current classifications with
published spectral types
notes.dat 80 28 Individual notes
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See also:
J/A+A/437/467 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Evans+, 2005)
J/A+A/457/265 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive Stars (Dufton+, 2006)
J/A+A/466/277 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Hunter+, 2007)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[4567].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name Variable name (G1)
13 A1 --- n_Name [+] indicates a note in notes.dat
15- 25 A11 --- EIS EIS name
27- 28 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
30- 31 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
33- 37 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
39 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
40- 41 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
43- 44 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
46- 50 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
52- 56 F5.2 arcsec Rd ? Radial distance to the centre of the cluster
58- 62 F5.2 mag Vmag V magnitude
63 A1 --- n_Vmag [*] *: photometry from Parker et al. (1992,
Cat. J/AJ/103/1205)
64- 68 F5.2 mag B-V B-V colour index
70- 86 A17 --- SpType MK spectral type (1)
88- 90 I3 km/s RV ? Radial velocity
91 A1 --- u_RV Uncertainty flag on RV
93- 94 I2 --- o_RV ? Number of lines used for RV determination
96-107 A12 --- Bin Binarity information
109-164 A56 --- Com Comments (2)
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Note (1):
-- in table6.dat, Classifications for N11-031 and N11-060 were taken
from Walborn et al. (2000PASP..112...50W 2000PASP..112...50W) and Walborn et al.
(2004ApJ...608.1028W 2004ApJ...608.1028W) respectively.
-- in table7.dat, all spectral types are those of the authors, excepting
NGC 2004-057 (Brey 45), taken from Smith et al. (1996MNRAS.281..163S 1996MNRAS.281..163S)
Note (2): Cross-references to identifications as follows:
2dFS NNNN = Evans et al. (2004, Cat. J/MNRAS/353/601)
AzV NNN = Azzopardi & Vigneau
(1975A&AS...22..285A 1975A&AS...22..285A, 1982A&AS...50..291A 1982A&AS...50..291A)
KWB NNNN = Keller et al. (1999, Cat. J/A+AS/134/489),
Cl* NGC NNNN KWBBE NNNN in Simbad
MA93 NNNN = Meyssonnier & Azzopardi (1993, Cat. J/A+AS/102/451),
[MA93] NNNN in Simbad
MPG NNN = Massey et al. (1989, Cat. J/AJ/98/1305),
Cl* NGC NNNN MPG NNN in Simbad
NMC NN = Niemela et al. (1986, Cat. J/PASP/98/1133),
Cl* NGC NNNN NMC NN in Simbad
Sk NNN = Sanduleak (1968AJ.....73..246S 1968AJ.....73..246S)
Arp NNN = Arp (1959AJ.....64..254A 1959AJ.....64..254A),
Cl* NGC 330 ARP III-NNN in Simbad
R74-ANNN = Robertson (1974A&AS...15..261R 1974A&AS...15..261R),
Cl* NGC 2004 Rob ANNN in Simbad
PNNNN = Parker et al. (1992, Cat. J/AJ/103/1205),
PGMW NNNN in Simbad
Brey NN = Breysacher (1981A&AS...43..203B 1981A&AS...43..203B)
Walker N = Walker (1987PASP...99..179W 1987PASP...99..179W),
Cl* NGC 2004 WALK N in Simbad
MHF NNNN = Martayan et al. (2006A&A...445..931M 2006A&A...445..931M),
Cl* NGC 2004 MHF NNNNNN in Simbad
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Variable name (G1)
14- 27 A14 --- OName Other name
29- 45 A17 --- SpType FLAMES MK spectral type
46- 72 A27 --- SpType1 Published MK spectral type with reference (1)
74-122 A49 --- SpType2 Published MK spectral type with reference (1)
124-155 A32 --- SpType3 Published MK spectral type with reference (1)
157-183 A27 --- SpType4 Published MK spectral type with reference (1)
185-197 A13 --- SpType5 Published MK spectral type with reference (1)
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Note (1): References as follows:
W77 = Walborn (1977ApJ...215...53W 1977ApJ...215...53W)
FB80 = Feast & Black (1980MNRAS.191..285F 1980MNRAS.191..285F)
CJF85 = Carney et al. (1985AJ.....90.1196C 1985AJ.....90.1196C)
NMC = Niemela et al. (1986, Cat. J/PASP/98/1133)
G87 = Garmany et al. (1987AJ.....93.1070G 1987AJ.....93.1070G)
MPG = Massey et al. (1989, Cat. J/AJ/98/1305)
F91 = Fitzpatrick (1991PASP..103.1123F 1991PASP..103.1123F)
P92 = Parker et al. (1992, Cat. J/AJ/103/1205)
L93 = Lennon et al. (1993SSRv...66..169L 1993SSRv...66..169L)
M95 = Massey et al. (1995ApJ...438..188M 1995ApJ...438..188M)
G96 = Grebel et al. (1996A&A...311..470G 1996A&A...311..470G)
LG96 = classifications from Lennon, given by Grebel et al.
(1996A&A...311..470G 1996A&A...311..470G)
HM00 = Heydari-Malayeri et al. (2000A&A...361..877H 2000A&A...361..877H), who adopt
identifications from Woolley (1963RGOB...66..263W 1963RGOB...66..263W)
W00 = Walborn et al. (2000PASP..112...50W 2000PASP..112...50W)
L03 = Lennon et al. (2003A&A...398..455L 2003A&A...398..455L)
EH04 = Evans et al. (2004, Cat. J/MNRAS/353/601)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Variable name (G1)
13- 80 A68 --- Note Test of the note
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Names are written:
-- table4.dat = NGC 346-NNN, Cl* NGC 346 ELS NNN in Simbad
-- table5.dat = NGC 330-NNN, Cl* NGC 330 ELS NNN in Simbad
-- table6.dat = N11-NNN, [ELS2006] N11 NNN in Simbad
-- table7.dat = NGC 2004-NNN, Cl* NGC 2004 ELS NNN in Simbad
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
* 11-May-2007: Original files
* 28-Jan-2008: 3 objects added in table4 (from author)
(NGC 346-063, NGC 346-064, and NGC 346-065)
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 27-Mar-2007