J/A+A/464/939       Abundances of red giants in NGC 6218       (Carretta+, 2007)
Na-O Anticorrelation and HB. IV. Detection of He-rich and He-poor stellar
populations in the globular cluster NGC 6218.
    Carretta E., Bragaglia A., Gratton R.G., Catanzaro G., Leone F., Sabbi E.,
    Cassisi S., Claudi R., D'Antona F., Francois P., James G., Piotto G.
   <Astron. Astrophys. 464, 939 (2007)>
   =2007A&A...464..939C 2007A&A...464..939C
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, globular ; Stars, population II ; Abundances ;
              Radial velocities
Keywords: stars: abundances - stars: atmospheres - stars: Population II -
          Galaxy: globular clusters: general -
          Galaxy: globular clusters: individual: NGC 6218 (M 12)
Abstract:
    We used the multifiber spectrograph FLAMES on the ESO Very Large
    Telescope UT2 to derive atmospheric parameters, metallicities and
    abundances of O and Na for 79 red giant stars in the Galactic globular
    cluster NGC 6218 (M 12). We analyzed stars in the magnitude range from
    about 1mag below the bump to the tip of the Red Giant Branch. The
    average metallicity we derive is [Fe/H]=-1.31±0.004±0.028dex
    (random and systematic errors, respectively), with a very small
    star-to-star scatter (rms=0.033dex), from moderately high-resolution
    Giraffe spectra. This is the first extensive spectroscopic abundance
    analysis in this cluster. Our results indicate that NGC 6218 is very
    homogeneous as far as heavy elements are concerned. On the other hand,
    light elements involved in the well known proton-capture reactions of
    H-burning at high temperature, such as O and Na, show large
    variations, anticorrelated with each other, at all luminosities along
    the red giant branch. The conclusion is that the Na-O anticorrelation
    must be established in early times at the cluster formation. We
    interpret the variation of Na found near the RGB-bump as the effect of
    two distinct populations having different bump luminosities, as
    predicted for different He content. To our knowledge, NGC 6218 is the
    first GC where such a signature has been spectroscopically detected,
    when combined with consistent and homogeneous data obtained for
    NGC 6752 to gain in statistical significance.
Description:
    Spectra for 79 RGB stars in NGC 6218 (M 12) were obtained with
    FLAMES@VLT using two gratings (HR11, HR13). Abundances of Fe, O, Na
    were derived using equivalent widths, model atmospheres and
    atmospheric parameters based on photometry.
    For each star we give identification, equatorial coordinates, VBJK
    magnitudes, heliocentric radial velocity for both gratings, Teff,
    logg, [A/H], vt, [Fe/H], [O/Fe], [Na/Fe]. Equivalent widths are
    given in tablea.
File Summary:
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 FileName   Lrecl  Records   Explanations
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ReadMe         80        .   This file
table2.dat     91       92   Identification, equatorial coordinates,
                              BVJK magnitudes, heliocentric radial velocity
table3.dat     56       79   Atmospheric parameters and iron abundance
table5.dat     37       79   O and Na abundances
tablea.dat     37     4819   Equivalent widths for 79 objects
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See also:
   J/A+A/455/271 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6441 (Gratton+, 2006)
   J/A+A/464/927 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6752 (Carreta+, 2007)
   J/A+A/464/953 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6441 (Gratton+, 2007)
   J/A+A/464/981 : Abundances of red giants in NGC 6388 (Carreta+, 2007)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label    Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2-  3  I2    ---     Seq      [1/92] Sequential number
   5- 10  I6    ---     ID       Identification number
                                  (Sabbi et al., 2006, in prep.)
  12- 22  F11.7 deg     RAdeg    Right ascension (J2000.0)
  24- 33  F10.7 deg     DEdeg    Declination (J2000.0)
  35- 40  F6.3  mag     Bmag     Johnson B magnitude
  42- 47  F6.3  mag     Vmag     Johnson V magnitude
  49- 54  F6.3  mag     Jmag     2MASS J magnitude
  56- 61  F6.3  mag     Kmag     2MASS K magnitude
  63- 68  F6.2  km/s    RV11     ? Heliocentric radial velocity for grating HR11
  70- 75  F6.2  km/s    RV13     ? Heliocentric radial velocity for grating HR13
  77- 85  A9    ---     HR       [HR11,HR13 ] Grating(s) used
      87  A1    ---     Flag     [*] *: stars not used in analysis
  89- 91  A3    ---     Mem      [NM? ] Non member (NM) or doubtful member (NM?)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  6  I6    ---     ID        Identification number
                                   (Sabbi et al., 2006, in prep.)
   8- 11  I4    K       Teff      Effective temperature
  13- 16  F4.2  [cm/s2] logg      Gravity
  18- 22  F5.2  [Sun]   [A/H]     Metallicity
  24- 27  F4.2  km/s    Vt        Microturbulent velocity
  29- 30  I2    --    o_FeI       Number of lines of Fe I
  32- 36  F5.2  [Sun]   [Fe/H]I   Average star [Fe/H]I
  38- 42  F5.3  [Sun] e_[Fe/H]I   rms uncertainty on [Fe/H]I
      44  I1    --    o_FeII      ? Number of lines of Fe II
  46- 50  F5.2  [Sun]   [Fe/H]II  ? Average star [Fe/H]II
  52- 56  F5.3  [Sun] e_[Fe/H]II  ? rms uncertainty on [Fe/H]II
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  6  I6    ---     ID        Identification number
                                   (Sabbi et al., 2006, in prep.)
       8  I1    ---   o_O         ? Number of lines of O
  10- 14  F5.2  [Sun]   [O/Fe]    ? Average [O/Fe]
  16- 19  F4.2  [Sun] e_[O/Fe]    ? rms uncertainty on [O/Fe]
      22  I1    ---   o_Na        ? Number of lines of Na
  24- 28  F5.2  [Sun]   [Na/Fe]   ? Average [Na/Fe]
  30- 33  F4.2  [Sun] e_[Na/Fe]   ? rms uncertainty on [Na/Fe]
      35  I1    ---     gr        [1/3]? Grating used (1)
      37  I1    --    l_O         [0/1]? Flag for measure/limit for O (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flags for grating as follows:
      1 = HR13 only
      2 = both HR11 & HR13
      3 = only HR11
Note (2): Flags for measure/limit for O as follows:
      0 = O upper limit
      1 = O measured
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  6  I6    ----    ID        Identification number
                                   (Sabbi et al., 2006, in prep.)
   8- 11  F4.1  ---     ---       Atomic number and ionization stage (1)
  13- 19  F7.2  0.1nm   lambda    Wavelength
  21- 24  F4.2  eV      EP        Excitation potential
  26- 31  F6.2  [cm/s2] loggf     Surface gravity
  33- 37  F5.1  0.1pm   EW        Equivalent width
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Note (1): NN.1 for neutral, NN.2 for singly ionized
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Acknowledgements:
    Eugenio Carretta, eugenio.carretta(at)oabo.inaf.it
References:
  Carreta et al., Paper I,   NGC 2808  2006A&A...450..523C 2006A&A...450..523C
  Carreta et al., Paper II,  NGC 6752  2007A&A...464..927C 2007A&A...464..927C, Cat. J/A+A/464/927
  Gratton et al., Paper III, NGC 6441  2006A&A...455..271G 2006A&A...455..271G, Cat. J/A+A/455/271
  Gratton et al., Paper V,   NGC 6441  2007A&A...464..953G 2007A&A...464..953G, Cat. J/A+A/464/953
  Carreta et al., Paper VI,  NGC 6388  2007A&A...464..967C 2007A&A...464..967C, Cat. J/A+A/464/967
(End)                                        Patricia Vannier [CDS]  22-Feb-2007