J/A+A/487/993 MAMBO Mapping of c2d Clouds and Cores (Kauffmann+, 2008)
MAMBO mapping of Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores.
Kauffmann J., Bertoldi F., Bourke T.L., Evans II N.J., Lee C.W.
<Astron. Astrophys., 487, 993-1017 (2008)>
=2008A&A...487..993K 2008A&A...487..993K
ADC_Keywords: Bok globules; Globules; Interstellar medium; Surveys
Keywords: stars: formation - ISM: evolution - ISM: structure -
ISM: dust - ISM: clouds
Abstract:
We present maps from our MAMBO 1.2mm wavelength dust emission survey
of nearby (<500pc) dense starless and star-forming cores. This data
was collected to study evolutionary trends among the dense cores and
the associated young stellar objects. This survey was specifically
designed to complement Spitzer Space Telescope imaging of these
regions. The maps are unusually sensitive and rich in structure.
Description:
The Spitzer Legacy Program "From Molecular Cores to Planet Forming
Disks" ("Core to Disks" or "c2d") is a motivation for acquiring
complementary data on dense cores of star forming regions.
The maps were acquired using the MAMBO-1 (37 receiver) and MAMBO-2
(117 receivers) bolometer arrays operated at the IRAM 30m-telescope
in Granada, Spain. These data were obtained by scanning the telescope
across the sky, with the telescope's secondary mirror chopping
parallel to the scan pattern. They were reduced using the iterative
data reduction scheme described in the associated publication. This
allowed to image the faint (few mJy per 11 arcsec beam) extended (up
to 5 arcmin) emission from the cores. The data presented here have
been filtered for sky-noise (as indicated by the "snf" file name
extension) and were smoothed to a resolution of 20 arcsec (as
indicated by the "gsm20" extension). Higher resolution data can be
provided by the author on request. To keep the data comparable between
maps of different resolution, the intensities are still calibrated in
mJy per 11 arcsec beam though. Also included in this release are the
associated noise maps (indicated by the "noise" extension). These
predict, based on the achieved integration time, the root mean square
noise level across the mapped areas. The absolute calibration
uncertainty is probably of order 20%. The maps cover several fields,
which themselves can contain several target dense cores.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
object.dat 89 38 Cores observed
table3.dat 108 86 General data on subcores
table4.dat 98 86 Geometry data for subcores
table5.dat 126 108 Data on dust emission peaks
fits/* . 70 MAMBO intensity and noise maps
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: object.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Core name
11- 12 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
14- 15 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
17- 21 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
23 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
24- 25 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
27- 28 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
30- 33 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
35- 58 A24 --- IntensMap Name of FITS file with intensity map
in "fits" subdirectory
60- 89 A30 --- NoiseMap Name of FITS file with noise map
in "fits" subdirectory
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Core name
11 A1 --- --- [[]
12- 13 A2 --- sub Subcore designation
14- 15 A2 --- n_sub [] *] Note on Subcore (G1)
18- 19 I2 h RAh right ascension (J2000) (2)
21- 22 I2 min RAm right ascension (J2000) (2)
24- 27 F4.1 s RAs right ascension (J2000) (2)
29 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) (2)
30- 31 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) (2)
33- 34 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) (2)
36- 39 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) (2)
41- 44 F4.1 arcmin+2 Area Subcode area
46- 50 F5.1 arcsec reff Effective radius in arcsec
52- 56 I5 AU reffAU Effective radius in AU
58 A1 --- l_Ftot Limit flag on Ftot
59- 63 F5.2 Jy Ftot Integrated flux density at 1.2mm for the
whole subcore
65- 68 F4.2 Jy e_Ftot ? rms uncertainty on Ftot
70 A1 --- l_Mtot Limit flag on Mtot
71- 75 F5.2 solMass Mtot Mass for the whole subcore
77- 80 F4.2 solMass e_Mtot ? rms uncertainty on Mtot
82 A1 --- l_F.5 Limit flag on F.5
83- 87 F5.2 Jy F.5 Integrated flux density at 1.2mm for its
area above 50% of its peak intensity
89- 92 F4.2 Jy e_F.5 ? rms uncertainty on F.5
94 A1 --- l_M.5 Limit flag on M.5
95- 99 F5.2 solMass M.5 Mass for its area above 50% of its
peak intensity
101-104 F4.2 solMass e_M.5 ? rms uncertainty on M.5
106-108 I3 --- S/Nmax Maximum signal-to-noise ratio within
the subcore boundaries
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Note (2): Position of the subcore "center of gravity"
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Core name
11 A1 --- --- [[]
12- 13 A2 --- sub Subcore designation
14- 15 A2 --- n_sub [] *] Note on Subcore (G1)
17- 19 I3 arcsec a Major axis at the 50% peak intensity level
in arcsec
21- 22 I2 arcsec e_a rms uncertainty on a
24- 29 I6 AU aAU Major axis at the 50% peak intensity level in AU
31- 35 I5 AU e_aAU rms uncertainty on aAU
37- 39 I3 arcsec b Minor axis at the 50% peak intensity level
in arcsec
41- 42 I2 arcsec e_b rms uncertainty on b
44- 48 I5 AU bAU Minor axis at the 50% peak intensity level in AU
50- 53 I4 AU e_bAU rms uncertainty on bAU
55- 57 F3.1 --- a/b Axis ratio
59- 61 F3.1 --- e_a/b rms uncertainty on axis ratio
63- 65 I3 deg PA Position angle of the major axis (east of north)
67- 68 I2 deg e_PA rms uncertainty on PA
70- 73 F4.2 --- fill Filling factor for an ellipse defined by the
aforementioned axis lengths and orientations
75- 78 F4.2 --- e_fill rms uncertainty on f
80- 83 F4.1 arcsec r.7 Effective radius at the 70% peak intensity
level in arcsec
85- 87 F3.1 arcsec e_r.7 rms uncertainty on r.7
89- 93 I5 AU r.7AU Effective radius at the 70% peak intensity
level in AU
95- 98 I4 AU e_r.7AU rms uncertainty on r.7AU
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Core name
11 A1 --- --- [[]
12- 13 A2 --- Peak Peak designation
14- 15 A2 --- n_Peak [] *] Note on Peak (G1)
18- 19 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
24- 27 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
29 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
30- 31 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
36- 39 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
41 A1 --- --- [[]
42- 43 A2 --- sub ?=-- Associated subcore
44- 45 A2 --- n_sub [] *] Note on Subcore (G1)
47 A1 --- l_Fmax Limit flag on Fmax
48- 50 I3 mJy Fmax Peak flux density at 1.2mm per 11" beam
(after smoothing to 20" resolution)
52 I1 mJy e_Fmax ? rms uncertainty on Fmax
54- 57 F4.2 10+22cm-2 NH2 ?=-- Column density related to Fmax
59- 62 F4.2 10+22cm-2 e_NH2 ? rms uncertainty on NH2
64- 67 F4.1 mag AV ?=-- Extinction
69- 71 F3.1 mag e_AV ? rms uncertainty on AU
73 A1 --- l_F4kAU Limit flag on F4kAU
74- 77 I4 mJy F4kAU Flux density for an aperture of
4200AU radius
79- 80 I2 mJy e_F4kAU ? rms uncertainty on F4kAU
82 A1 --- l_M4kAU Limit flag on M4kAU
83- 86 F4.2 solMass M4kAU Mass for an aperture of 4200AU radius
88- 91 F4.2 solMass e_M4kAU ? rms uncertainty on M4200AU
93 A1 --- l_F20 Limit flag on F20
94- 96 I3 mJy F20 Flux density at 1.2mm for the c2d standard
aperture at 20" diameter
98- 99 I2 mJy e_F20 rms uncertainty on F20
101 A1 --- l_F40 Limit flag on F40
102-104 I3 mJy F40 Flux density at 1.2mm for the c2d standard
aperture at 40" diameter
106-107 I2 mJy e_F40 rms uncertainty on F40
109 A1 --- l_F80 Limit flag on F80
110-113 I4 mJy F80 Flux density at 1.2mm for the c2d standard
aperture at 80" diameter
115-116 I2 mJy e_F80 rms uncertainty on F80
118 A1 --- l_F120 Limit flag on F120
119-122 I4 mJy F120 Flux density at 1.2mm for the c2d standard
aperture at 120" diameter
124-126 I3 mJy e_F120 rms uncertainty on F120"
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Note as follows:
] = subcore with uncertain properties due to artifacts
* = subcores with associated YSOs or VeLLOs (Young Stellar Objects
or Very Low Luminosity Objects)
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Acknowledgements: Jens Kauffmann,
History:
* 16-Sep-2008: Original version
* 25-Nov-2008: tables 3-5 added
(End) J. Kauffmann [Harvard-Smithsonian CfA, USA], P. Vannier [CDS] 16-Sep-2008