J/A+A/543/A156 Milky Way global survey of star clusters (Kharchenko+, 2012)
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way.
1. The pipeline and fundamental parameters in the second quadrant.
Kharchenko N.V., Piskunov A.E., Roeser S., Schilbach E., Scholz R.-D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 543, A156 (2012)>
=2012A&A...543A.156K 2012A&A...543A.156K
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open ; Radial velocities ; Proper motions ; Milky Way
Keywords: techniques: photometric - catalogs - astrometry - stars: kinematics -
open clusters and associations: general - Galaxy: stellar content
Abstract:
We present a list of 650 Milky Way Stellar Clusters (MWSC) in the
second quadrant of the Galaxy, found in the 2MAst (2MASS with
Astrometry) catalogue. The target list was compiled on the basis of
present-day lists of open, globular and candidate clusters. For
confirmed clusters we determined a homogeneous set of astrophysical
parameters such as membership, angular radii of the main morphological
parts, proper motion, sometimes radial velocities, distance,
reddening, age, tidal parameters.
Description:
An all-sky target list of 3784 entries with initial cluster parameters
was compiled from sources available in the literature. As the primary
source we used the data from the Catalogue of Open Cluster Data (COCD,
Kharchenko et al. 2005a,b, Cat. J/A+A/438/1163, J/A+A/440/403). For
further optical clusters the data were taken from the Dias et al.
(2002, Cat. B/ocl) list (Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010). Known associations
were retrieved from Melnik & Dambis (2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/400/518). For
clusters detected in the NIR the information came from Bica et al.
(2003b, Cat. J/A+A/404/223), Dutra et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/400/533),
Froebrich et al. (2007, Cat. J/MNRAS/374/399). Globular clusters were
selected from the catalogue by Harris (1996) (edition 2010,
2010arXiv1012.3224H 2010arXiv1012.3224H). Additionally, we incorporated supplementary data
on embedded clusters from Bica et al. (2003a, Cat. J/A+A/397/177),
Lada & Lada (2003ARA&A..41...57L 2003ARA&A..41...57L) and on stars in associations from
Humphreys (1978, Cat. V/44).
The basic stellar data were taken from the all-sky catalogue 2MAst
(2Mass with Astrometry), that was extracted from the all-sky
catalogues PPMXL (Roeser et al. 2010, Cat. I/317) and 2MASS (Cutri et
al. 2003, Cat. II/246). Additionally, we incorporated data on radial
velocities from Kharchenko et al. (2007, Cat. III/254) and spectral
types from ASCC-2.5 (Kharchenko & Roeser 2009, Cat. I/280).
Around each object from our target list we defined a circular area
with a radius of ra=r2+radd where r2 is cluster radius, and
radd=0.3°. In these areas we selected in 2MAst only those stars
with flags Rflg (the 2nd triple of the flags in 2MASS) set to 1, 2, or
3 in each band, i.e. the stars with the best quality detections in
photometric and astrometric data.
There are 871 targets in the 2nd Galaxy quadrant, we confirmed 650
open clusters and/or associations. These 650 sky areas contain about
11.2 mln 2MAst stars with best quality detections in photometric and
astrometric data. We selected 30387 most probable members located in
the central cluster regions and determined - with a homogeneous
method/pipeline - angular sizes of the main morphological parts,
heliocentric distances, colour-excesses, mean proper motions,
sometimes radial velocities, ages, tidal parameters. There are 4
globular clusters in the 2nd quadrant, they are listed in
index_q2.dat, but the data for globular clusters will be submitted to
the CDS as a separate catalogue.
We present for the 2nd quadrant of the Milky Way:
* The Catalogue of the MWSC Data with:
Catalogue of parameters for confirmed clusters;
Index (full list) of MWSC objects;
Notes (full object list with notes);
Inside each list the entries are ordered by MWSC number
(i.e. right ascension J2000 from the target list).
* The Catalogues of the MWSC Stars in 650 circular sky areas with classified
clusters. Files are ordered by MWSC number order; inside each sky area the
entries are ordered by Ks magnitudes.
* The Atlas of MWSC diagrams.
In the Atlas the Cluster pages are ordered by MWSC number.
This catalog is superseded by Kharchenko et al., 2013, J/A+A/558/A53
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
catal_q2.dat 269 650 Catalog of parameters for open clusters
index_q2.dat 45 871 List of MWSC objects
notes_q2.dat 80 1063 Notes to MWSC objects
stars_q2/* . 650 *Star catalogs for 650 sky areas
atlas_q2/* . 1304 *Two EPS pages with diagrams for each cluster
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Note on stars_q2/*: The file names include the MWSC sequential number
and a name of a cluster, preceeded by a prefix "2m_"
e.g. "2m0001Berkeley_58.dat" for the cluster Berkeley 58.
Note on atlas_q2/*: The file names include the MWSC sequential number and a
name of a cluster, e.g. "0001Berkeley58_map.eps.gz" for the 1st page with a
map as a basic panel, and "0001Berkeley58_cmd.eps.gz" for the 2nd page with
CMDs as basic panels.
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See also:
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2010)
http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~wilton : Version 3.1, Nov/2010
I/280 : All-sky Compiled Catalogue of 2.5 million stars (Kharchenko+ 2009)
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
III/254 : 2nd Cat. of Radial Velocities with Astrom. Data (Kharchenko+ 2007)
J/A+A/438/1163 : Catalogue of Open cluster Data (COCD) (Kharchenko+ 2005)
J/A+A/440/403 : 109 new Galactic open clusters (COCD1) (Kharchenko+ 2005)
J/A+A/404/223 : 2MASS IR star clusters in the Galaxy (Bica+ 2003)
J/A+A/400/533 : Southern Milky Way new infrared star clusters (Dutra+ 2003)
J/A+A/397/177 : IR star clusters and stellar groups catalog (Bica+ 2003)
J/MNRAS/400/518 : Velocity and proper motion of OB associations (Melnik+ 2009)
J/MNRAS/374/399 : Infrared star clusters with |b|<20° (Froebrich+ 2007)
J/A+A/558/A53 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters (Kharchenko+, 2013)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: catal_q2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I04 --- MWSC MWSC cluster sequential number
6- 22 A17 --- Name NGC, IC or other common designation
24 A1 --- Type [a,g,m,n,r,*] Object type (G1)
25 A1 --- u_Type [?, ] Uncertainty of object type
26- 34 F9.4 h RAhour Adopted cluster centre in RA J2000.0
35- 42 F8.3 deg DEdeg Adopted cluster centre in Dec J2000.0
43- 50 F8.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
51- 58 F8.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
59- 65 F7.3 deg r0 ?=0.000 Angular radius of the core
66- 72 F7.3 deg r1 Angular radius of the central part
73- 79 F7.3 deg r2 Angular radius of the cluster
80- 86 F7.2 mas/yr pmRA Average proper motion in RA*cos(DE)
87- 93 F7.2 mas/yr pmDE Average proper motion in DE
94-100 F7.2 mas/yr e_pm Error of PM
101-108 F8.2 km/s RV ?=999.99 Average radial velocity
109-116 F8.2 km/s e_RV ?=99.99 Error of RV
117-122 I6 --- n_RV ?=0 Number of stars used for RV
123-128 I6 --- N1sr0 Number of most probable (1sigma) members in r0
129-135 I7 --- N1sr1 Number of most probable (1sigma) members
in r1 (1)
136-142 I7 --- N1sr2 Number of most probable (1sigma) members in r2
143-150 F8.0 pc d Distance from the Sun
151-157 F7.3 mag E(B-V) Colour-excess in (B-V)
158-164 F7.3 mag MOD Apparent distance modulus, Ks-MKs
165-171 F7.3 mag E(J-Ks) Colour-excess in (J-Ks)
172-178 F7.3 mag E(J-H) Colour-excess in (J-H)
179-185 F7.3 mag DeltaH Correction to H mag of fitted isochrone
186-192 F7.3 [yr] logt Logarithm of average age
193-199 F7.3 [yr] e_logt ?=0.000 Error of logt
200-203 I4 --- Nt ?=-1 Number of stars used for logt
calculation (2)
204-211 F8.2 pc rc ?=0.00 King' core radius
212-219 F8.2 pc e_rc ?=0.00 Error of core radius
220-227 F8.2 pc rt ?=0.00 King' tidal radius
228-235 F8.2 pc e_rt ?=0.00 Error of idal radius
236-243 F8.2 1/pc2 k ?=0.00 King' normalization factor
244-251 F8.2 1/pc2 e_k ?=0.00 Error of normalization factor
253-256 A4 --- Source Source for MWSC list and input parameters (G2)
258-260 A3 --- SType Source object type (G3)
262-269 F8.3 --- [Fe/H] ?=99.999 Metallicity (3)
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Note (1): This number of stars is used to compute the average PM.
Note (2): Nt = -1 if logt has been set manually.
Note (3): Copied from Dias et al. (2002, Cat. B/ocl), Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: index_q2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I04 --- MWSC MWSC cluster sequential number
6- 22 A17 --- Name NGC, IC or other common designation
24 A1 --- Flag Flag of confirmation/no confirmation (G4)
26 A1 --- Type [a,g,m,n,r,*] Object type (G1)
27 A1 --- u_Type [?, ] Uncertainty of object type
29- 32 A4 --- Source Source for MWSC list and input parameters (G2)
34- 36 A3 --- SType Source object type (G3)
37- 45 I9 --- N Number of stars in MWSC sky area
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes_q2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 4 I04 --- MWSC MWSC cluster sequential number
6- 22 A17 --- Name NGC, IC or other common designation
24 A1 --- Flag Flag of confirmation/no confirmation (G4)
26 A1 --- Type [a,g,m,n,r,*] Object type (G1)
27 A1 --- u_Type [?, ] Uncertainty of object type
29- 80 A52 --- Note Text of note
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars_q2/*
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 F13.8 h RAhour Right Ascension J2000.0, epoch 2000.0
14- 26 F13.7 deg DEdeg Declination J2000.0, epoch 2000.0
27- 34 F8.3 mag Bmag ?=99.990 Blue magnitude (1)
35- 42 F8.3 mag Vmag ?=99.990 Visual or red magnitude (2)
43- 50 F8.3 mag Jmag J magnitude 2MASS
51- 58 F8.3 mag Hmag H magnitude 2MASS
59- 66 F8.3 mag Ksmag Ks magnitude 2MASS
67- 73 F7.3 mag e_Jmag Error of J magnitude
74- 80 F7.3 mag e_Hmag Error of H magnitude
81- 87 F7.3 mag e_Ksmag Error of Ks magnitude
88- 97 F10.2 mas/yr pmRA ?=9999.90 Proper Motion in RA*cos(DE)
98-107 F10.2 mas/yr pmDE ?=9999.90 Proper Motion in DE
108-115 F8.2 mas/yr e_pm ?=-9.99 Error of pm
116-124 F9.2 km/s RV ?=999.99 Radial velocity
125-131 F7.2 km/s e_RV ?=-9.99 Error of RV
133-135 A3 --- Qflg 2MASS (ph_qual) JHKs Photometric quality flag
136-138 A3 --- Rflg 2MASS (rd_flg) Source of JHKs default mag
139-141 A3 --- Bflg 2MASS (bl_flg) JHKs components fit to source
142-155 A14 --- 2MASS 2MASS (pts_key) Unique identifier in 2MASS
156-163 I8 --- ASCC ?=0 ASCC-2.5 number
165-184 A20 --- SpType Spectral type and luminosity class
186-193 F8.4 deg Rcl Angular distance from cluster centre
195 I1 --- Ps [0,1] Spatial probability of membership
198-203 F6.2 % Pkin Proper motion probability of membership
206-211 F6.2 % PJKs Photometric JKs probability of membership
214-219 F6.2 % PJH Photometric JH probability of membership
221-224 I04 --- MWSC MWSC cluster number
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Note (1): Blue magnitude, if the star is in the ASCC-2.5 (ASCC is not equal 0),
then this is the Johnson B magnitude from ASCC-2.5;
if the star is not in the ASCC-2.5 (ASCC = 0), then this is the photographic
blue magnitude from USNO-A2.0.
Note (2): Visual or red magnitude, if the star is in the ASCC-2.5
(ASCC is not equal 0), then this is the Johnson V magnitude from ASCC-2.5;
if the star is not in the ASCC-2.5 (ASCC = 0), then this is the photographic
red magnitude from USNO-A2.0.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Type has the following meaning:
a = association
g = globular cluster
m = moving group
n = nebulosity/presence of nebulosity
r = remnant cluster
* = asterism
Note (G2): Source code has the following meaning:
COCD = Kharchenko et al. (2005, Cat. J/A+A/438/1163, J/A+A/440/403
DIAS = Dias et al. (2002, Cat. B/ocl), Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010
DREM = Dias et al. (2002, Cat. B/ocl), Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010, removed
MELN = Melnik & Dambis (2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/400/518), associations
FPRO = Froebrich et al. (2007, J/MNRAS/374/399), probable
FPOS = Froebrich et al. (2007, J/MNRAS/374/399), possible
BDSB = Bica et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/404/223)
DBSB = Dutra et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/400/533)
BIEM = Bica et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/397/177)
LLEM = Lada & Lada (2003ARA&A..41...57L 2003ARA&A..41...57L)
HARR = Harris (1996AJ....112.1487H 1996AJ....112.1487H, Cat. VII/202), edition 2010,
2010arXiv1012.3224H 2010arXiv1012.3224H, physwww.mcmaster.carris/Databases.html
Note (G3): SType has the following meaning:
ass = stellar association
ast = Dias: possible asterism/dust hole/star cloud
dub = Dias: dubious, objects considered doubtful by the DSS images inspection
emb = embedded open cluster/cluster associated with nebulosity
glo = globular cluster/possible globular cluster
irc = infrared cluster
irg = infrared stellar group
mog = Dias: possible moving group
non = Dias: "non-existent NGC"/ objects not found in DSS images inspection
rem = Possible cluster remnant
var = clusters with variable extinction
Note (G4): Flag has the following meaning:
"=" = cluster parameters are determined
":" = possibly this is a cluster, but parameters are not determined
"-" = it is not a cluster
"&" = duplicated/coincides with an other cluster
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Acknowledgements:
Ralf-Dieter Scholz, rdscholz(at)aip.de
References:
Kharchenko et al., Paper II 2013A&A...558A..53K 2013A&A...558A..53K, Cat. J/A+A/558/A53
updated version of this catalog
Schmeja et al., Paper III 2014A&A...568A..51S 2014A&A...568A..51S, Cat. J/A+A/568/A51
History:
* 17-Jul-2012: Original version
* 21-Aug-2015: Corrected definitions for Bmag and Vmag in stars/* files,
from Ralf Scholz
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 17-Jul-2012