J/A+A/558/A53 Milky Way global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way.
II. The catalogue of basic parameters.
Kharchenko N.V., Piskunov A.E., Roeser S., Schilbach E., Scholz R.-D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 558, A53 (2013)>
=2013A&A...558A..53K 2013A&A...558A..53K
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open ; Radial velocities ; Proper motions ; Milky Way
Keywords: techniques: photometric - catalogs - astrometry - stars: kinematics -
open clusters and associations: general - Galaxy: stellar content
Abstract:
We present a list of 3006 Milky Way Stellar Clusters (MWSC), found in
the 2MAst (2MASS with Astrometry) catalogue. The target list was
compiled on the basis of present-day lists of open, globular and
candidate clusters. For confirmed clusters we determined a homogeneous
set of astrophysical parameters such as membership, angular radii of
the main morphological parts, mean cluster proper motions, distances,
reddenings, ages, tidal parameters, and sometimes radial velocities.
Description:
An all-sky target list of 3784 entries with initial cluster parameters
was compiled from sources available in the literature. As the primary
source we used the data from the Catalogue of Open Cluster Data (COCD,
Kharchenko et al. 2005a,b, Cat. J/A+A/438/1163, J/A+A/440/403). For
further optical clusters the data were taken from the Dias et al.
(2002, Cat. B/ocl) list (Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010). Known associations
were retrieved from Melnik & Dambis (2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/400/518). For
clusters detected in the NIR the information came from Bica et al.
(2003b, Cat. J/A+A/404/223), Dutra et al. (2003,
Cat. J/A+A/400/533), Froebrich et al. (2007, Cat. J/MNRAS/374/399).
Globular clusters were selected from the catalogue by Harris (1996,
edition 2010, 2010arXiv1012.3224H 2010arXiv1012.3224H). Additionally, we incorporated
supplementary data on embedded clusters from Bica et al. (2003a, Cat.
J/A+A/397/177), Lada & Lada (2003ARA&A..41...57L 2003ARA&A..41...57L) and on stars in
associations from Humphreys (1978, Cat. V/44).
The basic stellar data were taken from the all-sky catalogue 2MAst
(2Mass with Astrometry), that was extracted from the all-sky
catalogues PPMXL (Roeser et al. 2010, Cat. I/317) and 2MASS (Cutri et
al. 2003, Cat. II/246). Additionally, we incorporated data on radial
velocities from Kharchenko et al. (2007, Cat. III/254) and spectral
types from ASCC-2.5 (Kharchenko & Roeser 2009, Cat. I/280).
Around each object from our target list we defined a circular area
with a radius of ra=r2+radd where r2 is the cluster radius, and
radd=0.3°. In these areas we selected in 2MAst only those stars
with flags Rflg (the 2nd triple of the flags in 2MASS) set to 1, 2, or
3 in each band, i.e. the stars with the best quality detections in
photometric and astrometric data.
There are 3784 targets in our object list, we confirmed 3006 clusters
and/or associations. These 3006 sky areas contain about 63.5 mln 2MAst
stars with best quality detections in photometric and astrometric
data. We selected about 0.14 mln most probable members located in the
central cluster regions and determined - with a homogeneous
method/pipeline - angular sizes of the main morphological parts,
heliocentric distances, colour-excesses, mean proper motions, ages,
tidal parameters, sometimes radial velocities and metallicities.
We present for the Milky Way:
The Catalogue of the MWSC Data with:
Catalogue of parameters for confirmed clusters;
Index (full list) of MWSC objects;
Notes (full object list with notes);
Inside each list the entries are sorted by MWSC numbers (i.e. right
ascension J2000 from the target list).
The Catalogues of the MWSC Stars in 3006 circular sky areas with
classified clusters. Files are sorted by MWSC numbers; inside each sky
area the entries are sorted by Ks magnitudes.
The Atlas of MWSC diagrams.
In the Atlas, the Cluster pages are sorted by MWSC numbers.
Description of files: atlas/*
For each cluster we prepared two EPS-pages with diagrams:
Page 1 contains the cluster map as the basic panel
(file MWSCNamemap.eps.gz),
Page 2 contains the Ks,(J-Ks) and Ks,(J-H) CMDs as basic panels
(file MWSCNamecmd.eps.gz).
The legend on each page gives the cluster name, MWSC number, (COCD
number); equatorial RAJ2000, DecJ2000, and galactic l, b coordinates
of the cluster centre; apparent cluster sizes r0, r1, r2, [number of
1sigma-members within the corresponding radius]; weighted average
components PM_(X,Y) of proper motion with their rms errors, [number of
stars used to compute the average]; the average radial velocity, RV
with their rms error, [the number of stars used to compute the
average]; distance to the cluster, d, distance modulus, (Ks-M_Ks);
NIR colour-excesses, E(J-H), E(J-Ks), interstellar extinction, A(Ks);
cluster age, its rms error, [the number of stars used to compute the
average age, or it is -1 if a manual isochrone fit was applied].
Additionally we show in the 2nd pages: an empirical correction
Delta_H for a better isochrone fit in the K_s,(J-H) diagram.
Symbols and their colours have the same meaning in all plots. Stars
are shown as coloured circles or dots. Cyan symbols mark stars outside
the cluster radius r2, green symbols are stars within r2. The most
probable kinematic and photometric members (1sigma-members) are
indicated in black, red, or blue. Black is for members located within
r1 (the visible radius of the central part), red for members between
r1 and r2, and blue for stars outside r2 (the probabilities are
formal). Cyan bars show the uncertainty for 1sigma-members.
Description of files MWSCNamemap.eps.gz (Page 1):
Page 1 contains five diagrams with spatial information.
The right panel is a map of the cluster neighbourhood (MAP),
the left panels show (from top to bottom) relations depending on the
distance from the cluster centre, r, for:
-magnitude Ks (Ks vs. r),
-proper motions (PM vs. r),
-density profile diagram (DPD).
MAP:
Stars are displayed as small circles.
The circle size corresponds to the stellar magnitude ranged in six
Ks mag intervals:
< 6.0, 6.0 - 8.0, 8.0 - 10.0, 10.0 - 12.0, 12.0 - 14.0, > 14.0.
Blue cross : cluster centre selected in this study;
Blue plus : cluster centre from the literature;
Magenta pluses : centres of other clusters (from target list) visible
(if any) in the map;
Dotted blue large circle : cluster core border (r0);
Solid blue large circle : inner cluster border (r1);
Dashed blue large circle : cluster corona border (r2).
The left panels:
Blue vertical dotted, solid, dashed lines mark r0, r1, r2, respectively.
PM vs. r: Magenta horizontal lines correspond to the average proper
motion of the cluster determined in this paper;
DPD: Density profiles (Log of Number of stars per 1 sq.deg) are shown for
all stars (green line), 3sigma-members (blue line), 2sigma-members (magenta
line) and 1sigma-members (black line).
Description of files MWSCNamecmd.eps.gz (Page 2):
Page 2 contains diagrams with kinematic and photometric information.
The three left panels are:
-two PM_(X,Y) vs. Ks relations, i.e. PM-magnitude equation diagrams (MEDs);
-the vector point diagram of proper motions (VPD).
The two upper right panels are:
-relations (Ks,(J-H) and Ks,(J-Ks), i.e. the colour-magnitude
diagrams (CMDs).
The bottom right panels:
-colour-colour diagrams (CCDs);
-reddening-independent parameter Q-colour diagrams (QCDs).
The CCDs and QCDs are separated into two subpanels (as well as CMDs and
MEDs are separated into two parts via a broken line). The division is
made with respect to the Ks_mc magnitude: in the bottom subpanels we
place data for Ks>Ks_mc, in the upper ones - for Ks<Ks_mc, where
Ks_mc is Ks-magnitude at the bluest colour (J-Ks) of the isochrone
closest to the determined cluster age.
CMDs:
Magenta curve: the apparent isochrone closest to the determined cluster age;
Solid blue lines: left and right borders of a domain of 100% photometric
cluster members;
Solid red lines: ZAMS and TAMS (shown only in the Ks,(J-Ks) diagram), the
borders of the evolved Main Sequence stars;
Magenta dashed line: corresponds to the Ks_mc;
Thick yellow circles: stars selected for age determination;
Black arrows: increasing interstellar extinction vectors.
MED:
Magenta solid lines correspond to the average proper motion of the
cluster; the magenta dashed line corresponds to the Ks_mc.
CCD and QCD:
The Magenta curve corresponds to the apparent isochrone (observed magnitudes
and colours); the cyan curve corresponds to the intrinsic isochrone.
This catalog supersed Kharchenko et al., 2012, J/A+A/543/A156
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
catalog.dat 280 3006 Catalog of parameters for open clusters
index.dat 45 3784 List of MWSC objects
notes.dat 80 5049 Notes to MWSC objects
stars/* . 3006 *Star catalogs for 3006 sky areas
atlas/* . 6012 *Two EPS pages with diagrams for each cluster
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note on stars/*:
The file names include the MWSC sequential number and a name of a cluster,
preceeded by a prefix "2m_" e.g. "2m0001Berkeley_58.dat" for the
cluster Berkeley 58. The total number of stars catalogued is 63,683,529.
Note on atlas/* :
The file names include the MWSC sequential number and a name of a cluster,
e.g. "0001Berkeley58_map.eps.gz" for the 1st page with a map as
a basic panel, and "0001Berkeley58_cmd.eps.gz" for the 2nd page with CMDs
as basic panels.
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See also:
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters & Candidates (Dias+ 20-2010)
http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/~wilton : Version 3.1, Nov/2010
I/280 : 2.5 million stars All-Sky Compiled Catalog (Kharchenko+ 2009)
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
III/254 : 2nd Cat. of Radial Velocities with Astrometric Data
(Kharchenko+ 2007)
J/A+A/397/177 : IR star clusters and stellar groups catalog (Bica+ 2003)
J/A+A/400/533 : Southern Milky Way new infrared star clusters (Dutra+ 2003)
J/A+A/404/223 : 2MASS IR star clusters in the Galaxy (Bica+ 2003)
J/A+A/438/1163 : Catalogue of Open cluster Data (COCD) (Kharchenko+ 2005)
J/A+A/440/403 : 109 new Galactic open clusters (COCD1) (Kharchenko+ 2005)
J/MNRAS/374/399 : Infrared star clusters with |b|<20° (Froebrich+ 2007)
J/MNRAS/400/518 : Velocity and proper motion of OB associations (Melnik+ 2009)
J/A+A/543/A156 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters I (Kharchenko+ 2012)
J/A+A/568/A51 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters III (Schmeja+, 2014)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: catalog.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I04 --- MWSC [1/3784] MWSC sequential number
6- 22 A17 --- Name NGC, IC or other common designation
24 A1 --- Type [agmnrs] Cluster type (G1)
25 A1 --- n_Type [oc] object/candidate
26- 34 F9.4 h RAhour Adopted cluster centre in RA J2000.0
35- 42 F8.3 deg DEdeg Adopted cluster centre in Dec J2000.0
43- 50 F8.3 deg GLON Galactic longitude
51- 58 F8.3 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
59- 65 F7.3 deg r0 Angular radius of the core (0 if no core)
66- 72 F7.3 deg r1 Angular radius of the central part
73- 79 F7.3 deg r2 Angular radius of the cluster
80- 86 F7.2 mas/yr pmRA Average proper motion in RA*cos(DE)
87- 93 F7.2 mas/yr pmDE Average proper motion in DE
94-100 F7.2 mas/yr e_pm Error of proper motion
101-108 F8.2 km/s RV ?=999.99 Average radial velocity
109-116 F8.2 km/s e_RV ?=99.99 Error of RV
117-122 I6 --- o_RV [0/106] Number of stars used for RV
123-128 I6 --- N1sr0 [0/147] Number of most probable (1-σ)
members in r0
129-135 I7 --- N1sr1 [2/950] Number of most probable (1-σ)
members in r1 (1)
136-142 I7 --- N1sr2 [7/4262] Number of most probable (1-σ)
members in r2
143-150 F8.0 pc d Distance from the Sun
151-157 F7.3 mag E(B-V) Colour-excess in (B-V)
158-164 F7.3 mag MOD Apparent distance modulus, mKs-MKs
165-171 F7.3 mag E(J-Ks) Colour-excess in (J-Ks)
172-178 F7.3 mag E(J-H) Colour-excess in (J-H)
179-185 F7.3 mag dH Correction δH to Hmag of fitted isochrone
186-192 F7.3 [yr] logt [6/10.1] Logarithm of average age
193-199 F7.3 [yr] e_logt ?=0.000 Error of logt
200-203 I4 --- Nt [0/149]?=-1 Number of stars used for logt
calculation (2)
204-211 F8.2 pc rc ?=0.00 King' core radius
212-219 F8.2 pc e_rc ?=0.00 Error of core radius
220-227 F8.2 pc rt ?=0.00 King' tidal radius
228-235 F8.2 pc e_rt ?=0.00 Error of tidal radius
236-243 F8.2 pc-2 k ?=0.00 King' normalization factor
244-251 F8.2 pc-2 e_k ?=0.00 Error of normalization factor
253-256 A4 --- Src Source for MWSC list and input parameters (G2)
258-260 A3 --- SType Source object type (G3)
262-269 F8.3 [Sun] [Fe/H] ?=99.999 Metallicity (3)
270-276 F7.3 [Sun] e_[Fe/H] ?=9.99 Error of Metallicity
277-280 I4 --- o_[Fe/H] [0/580] Number of stars used for [Fe/H]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): This number of stars is used to compute the average pm.
Note (2): Nt = -1 if logt has been set manually.
Note (3): Copied from Conrad et al. (2013) or Dias et al. (2002, Cat. B/ocl),
Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010; for globular clusters - are taken from the revised
Harris (1996AJ....112.1487H 1996AJ....112.1487H, Cat. VII/202) catalogue, edition 2010,
or newly determined.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: index.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I04 --- MWSC [1/3784] MWSC sequential number
6- 22 A17 --- Name NGC, IC or other common designation
24 A1 --- flag Flag of confirmation/no confirmation (G5)
26 A1 --- Type [agmnrs] Object type (G1)
27 A1 --- n_Type [oc] object/candidate
29- 32 A4 --- Src Source for MWSC list and input parameters (G2)
34- 36 A3 --- SType Source object type (G3)
37- 45 I9 --- N Number of stars in MWSC sky area
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I04 --- MWSC [1/3784] MWSC sequential number
6- 22 A17 --- Name NGC, IC or other common designation
24 A1 --- flag [&:=-] Flag of confirmation/no confirmation (G5)
26 A1 --- Type [agmnrs] Object type (G1)
27 A1 --- n_Type [oc] object/candidate
29- 80 A52 --- Note Text of note
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: stars/*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 F13.8 h RAhour Right Ascension J2000.0, epoch 2000.0
14- 26 F13.7 deg DEdeg Declination J2000.0, epoch 2000.0
27- 34 F8.3 mag Bmag ?=99.990 Blue magnitude (1)
35- 42 F8.3 mag Vmag ?=99.990 Visual or red magnitude (2)
43- 50 F8.3 mag Jmag 2MASS J magnitude
51- 58 F8.3 mag Hmag 2MASS H magnitude
59- 66 F8.3 mag Ksmag 2MASS Ks magnitude
67- 73 F7.3 mag e_Jmag Error of J magnitude
74- 80 F7.3 mag e_Hmag Error of H magnitude
81- 87 F7.3 mag e_Ksmag Error of Ks magnitude
88- 97 F10.2 mas/yr pmRA ?=9999.90 Proper Motion in RA*cos(DE)
98-107 F10.2 mas/yr pmDE ?=9999.90 Proper Motion in DE
108-115 F8.2 mas/yr e_pm ?=-9.99 Error of proper motion
116-124 F9.2 km/s RV ?=999.99 Radial velocity
125-131 F7.2 km/s e_RV ?=-9.99 Error of RV
133-135 A3 --- Qflg 2MASS (ph_qual) JHKs Photometric quality flag
136-138 A3 --- Rflg 2MASS (rd_flg) Source of JHKs default mag
139-141 A3 --- Bflg 2MASS (bl_flg) JHKs components fit to source
146-155 I10 --- 2MASS 2MASS (pts_key) Unique identifier in 2MASS
156-163 I8 --- ASCC ?=0 ASCC-2.5 number (Cat. I/280)
165-184 A20 --- SpType Spectral type and luminosity class
186-193 F8.4 deg Rcl Angular distance from cluster centre
194-195 I2 --- Ps [0/1] Spatial membership probability
196-203 F8.2 % Pkin [0/100] Proper motion membership probability
204-211 F8.2 % PJKs [0/100] Photometric JKs membership probability
212-219 F8.2 % PJH [0/100] Photometric JH membership probability
221-224 I04 --- MWSC [1/3784] MWSC number of cluster
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Blue magnitude, if the star is in the ASCC-2.5 (ASCC is not equal 0),
then this is the Johnson B magnitude from ASCC-2.5;
if the star is not in the ASCC-2.5 (ASCC = 0), then this is the photographic
blue magnitude from USNO-A2.0.
Note (2): Visual or red magnitude, if the star is in the ASCC-2.5
(ASCC is not equal 0), then this is the Johnson V magnitude from ASCC-2.5;
if the star is not in the ASCC-2.5 (ASCC = 0), then this is the photographic
red magnitude from USNO-A2.0.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Object type code has the following meaning:
a = association
g = globular cluster
m = moving group
n = nebulosity/presence of nebulosity
r = remnant cluster
s = asterism
Note (G2): This column has the following meaning:
COCD = Kharchenko et al. (2005, Cat. J/A+A/438/1163, J/A+A/440/403)
DIAS = Dias et al. (2002, Cat. B/ocl), Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010
DREM = Dias et al. (2002, Cat. B/ocl), Version 3.1, 24/nov/2010, removed
MELN = Melnik & Dambis (2009, Cat. J/MNRAS/400/518), associations
FPRO = Froebrich et al. (2007, J/MNRAS/374/399), probable
FPOS = Froebrich et al. (2007, J/MNRAS/374/399), possible
BOPN = Bica et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/404/223), Dutra et al. (2003,
Cat. J/A+A/400/533), New objects in the area of optical nebulae
BIRN = Bica et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/404/223), Dutra et al. (2003,
Cat. J/A+A/400/533) 2003, New objects in the area of radio/IR nebulae
LLEM = Lada & Lada (2003ARA&A..41...57L 2003ARA&A..41...57L), Embedded clusters in Molecular
Clouds
BIEM = Bica et al. (2003, Cat. J/A+A/404/223); IR star clusters and stellar
groups catalog
HARR = Harris (1996AJ....112.1487H 1996AJ....112.1487H, Cat. VII/202), edition 2010,
2010arXiv1012.3224H 2010arXiv1012.3224H, physwww.mcmaster.carris/Databases.html
Note (G3): This column has the following meaning:
ass = stellar association
ast = Dias: possible asterism/dust hole/star cloud
dub = Dias: dubious, objects considered doubtful by the DSS images inspection
emb = embedded open cluster/cluster associated with nebulosity
glo = globular cluster/possible globular cluster
irc = infrared cluster
irg = infrared stellar group
mog = Dias: possible moving group
non = Dias: "non-existent NGC"/ objects not found in DSS images inspection
rem = Possible cluster remnant
var = clusters with variable extinction
Note (G5): This column has the following meaning:
"=" = cluster parameters are determined
":" = possibly this is a cluster, but parameters are not determined
"-" = this is not a cluster
"&" = duplicated/coincides with other cluster
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Siegfried Roeser, roeser(at)ari.uni-heidelberg.de
References:
Kharchenko et al., Paper I 2012A&A...543A.156K 2012A&A...543A.156K, Cat. J/A+A/543/A156
Schmeja et al., Paper III 2014A&A...568A..51S 2014A&A...568A..51S, Cat. J/A+A/568/A51
History:
* 07-Nov-2013: Original version
* 06-Feb-2014: in the Byte-by-byte description of the catalog,
the error on the proper motion was assigned to the RA component;
it concerns both components
* 21-Aug-2015: Corrected definitions for Bmag and Vmag in stars/* files,
from Ralf Scholz
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 07-Nov-2013