J/A+A/563/A2 X-ray monitoring of M31 novae (Henze+, 2014)
X-ray monitoring of classical novae in the central region of M 31.
III. Autumn and winter 2009/10, 2010/11, and 2011/12.
Henze M., Pietsch W., Haberl F., Della Valle M., Sala G.,
Hatzidimitriou D., Hofmann F., Hernanz M., Hartmann D.H., Greiner J.
<Astron. Astrophys. 563, A2 (2014)>
=2014A&A...563A...2H 2014A&A...563A...2H
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; Novae ; X-ray sources
Keywords: galaxies: individual: M 31 - novae, cataclysmic variables -
X-rays: binaries
Abstract:
Classical novae (CNe) represent the major class of supersoft X-ray
sources (SSSs) in the central region of our neighbouring galaxy M 31.
We performed a dedicated monitoring of the M 31 central region, which
aimed to detect SSS counterparts of CNe, with XMM-Newton and Chandra
between Nov and Mar of the years 2009/10, 2010/11, and 2011/12.
We systematically searched our data for X-ray counterparts of CNe and
determined their X-ray light curves and also their spectral properties
in the case of XMM-Newton data. Additionally, we determined luminosity
upper limits for all previously known X-ray emitting novae, which are
not detected anymore, and for all CNe in our field of view with recent
optical outbursts.
Description:
This work is based on XMM-Newton and Chandra observations 30.0 of the
central area of M 31 that were dedicated to the monitoring of SSS
states of novae (PI: W. Pietsch). We report on the analysis of three
observation campaigns carried out during Nov 2009 to Feb 2010, Nov
2010 to Mar 2011, and Nov 2011 to Mar 2012.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table9.dat 140 79 Catalogue of X-ray detected optical novae in M31
table1.dat 88 39 Observations of the M31 monitoring
table2.dat 86 115 XMM-Newton and Chandra measurements of M31
optical nova candidates known from Paper II
(Cat. J/A+A/533/A52) and still detected here
table3.dat 86 175 M31 optical novae with XMM-Newton and Chandra
counterparts discovered in this work
table4.dat 78 5 Upper limits for non-detected M31 CNe from
Paper II (Cat. J/A+A/533/A52)
table5.dat 101 43 Upper limits for M31 CNe with outburst from about
one year before the start of the 2009/10
monitoring until its end
table6.dat 99 54 Upper limits for M31 CNe with outburst from about
one year before the start of the 2010/11
monitoring until its end
table7.dat 99 78 Upper limits for M31 CNe with outburst from about
one year before the start of the 2011/12
monitoring until its end
table8.dat 58 5 Non-nova SuperSoft Sources (SSS) in the monitoring
refs.dat 142 95 References
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See also:
J/A+A/533/A52 : X-ray monitoring of M31 novae (Henze+, 2011)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- M31N Name (YYYY-DDa)
10- 17 F8.2 d t(outb) Modified Julian day of optical nova outburst
19- 22 F4.1 mag mag Maximum observed magnitude in filter n_mag
23 A1 --- --- [(]
24- 25 A2 --- n_mag [B Ha R W i'] Filter (W = white = unfiltered)
26 A1 --- --- [)]
28- 32 F5.1 d t2R ? Time the nova R magnitude needs to
drop 2mag below peak magnitude (1)
34 A1 --- O/Y [OYG] Positional association with the Old
(bulge), Young (disk) or G (Galaxy center)
stellar populations of M31 (see Sect. 5.3)
36- 40 A5 --- Type Spectral type of optical nova (2)
44- 47 I4 km/s Vexp ? Outflow velocity of the ejected envelope
as measured from optical spectra;
50- 53 I4 d Ton ? X-ray turn-on time (4)
55- 57 I3 d e_Ton ? rms uncertainty on Ton
61 A1 --- l_Toff Limit flag on Toff
63- 66 I4 d Toff ? X-ray turn-off time (4)
68- 70 I3 d e_Toff ? rms uncertainty on Toff
72- 76 A5 -- SSS? Supersoft X-ray sources classification (3)
79- 82 F4.1 eV kT ? Maximum black body temperature as derived
from spectral fits, kThBB
84- 87 F4.1 eV E_kT ? Error on kT (upper limit)
89- 92 F4.1 eV e_kT ? Error on kT (lower limit)
94- 99 F6.2 10-6Msun Mej ? Ejected H mass
101-106 F6.2 10-6Msun E_Mej ? Error on Mej (upper limit)
108-113 F6.2 10-6Msun e_Mej ? Error on Mej (lower limit)
115 A1 --- l_Mburn Limit flag on Mburn
116-119 F4.2 10-6Msun Mburn ? Burned mass
121-124 F4.2 10-6Msun e_Mburn ? rms uncertainty on Mburn
126-140 A15 --- Ref Optical (oNN) and X-ray (xNN) references,
in refs.dat file
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Note (1): see Payne-Gaposchkin, 1964, The galactic novae (New York:
Dover Publication, 1964).
Note (2): according to the classification scheme of Williams
(1992AJ....104..725W 1992AJ....104..725W): He/N or FeII
Note (3): indicates if the source was classified as supersoft X-ray (SSS):
HR: using XMM-Newton hardness ratio;
HR1: using Chandra HRC-I/ACIS-I hardness ratio;
HR2: using Chandra HRC-I hardness ratio;
ROSAT: from a a ROSAT observation (only M31N 1990-09a);
nnnn: from X-ray spectra, in which case we give the time in days after
outburst for which kT was determined (if multiple observations
were used, this value is the mean of the associated days, if
necessary weighted by flux).
Note (4): Times are defined as:
turn-on = time (in days after the optical outburst) at which the
nova becomes visible in X-ray
turn-off = time (in days after the optical outburst) at which the
nova X-ray luminosity drops below the detection limit.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 "YYYY/MM" Date Date (month) of observation
9- 23 A15 --- Tel/Inst Telescope/Instrument
27- 36 I10 --- ObsID Observation ID
38- 41 F4.1 ks TexpPN ? Exposure time for pn instrument (1)
43- 46 F4.1 ks TexpM1 ? Exposure time for MOS1 instrument (1)
48- 51 F4.1 ks TexpM2 ? Exposure time for MOS2 instrument (1)
53- 56 F4.1 ks TexpH1 ? Exposure time for HRC-1 instrument (1)
58- 70 A13 --- Start Start time of observations (YYYY-MM-DD.dd) (2)
72- 78 F7.2 d JD Julian date of start time of observations (2)
80- 83 F4.1 arcsec oRA Offset on right ascension (3)
85- 88 F4.1 arcsec oDE Offset on declination (3)
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Note (1): Dead-time corrected; for XMM-Newton EPIC after screening for high
background.
Note (2): for XMM-Newton EPIC the pn start time was used.
Note (3): Offset of image WCS (world coordinate system) to the WCS of the
catalogue by Kaaret (2002, Cat. J/ApJ/578/114).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[234567].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 A8 --- M31N Nova Name, YYYY-DDa
10- 11 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
13- 14 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
16- 20 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
22 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
29- 32 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
34- 41 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian date of optical outburst
(MJD=JD-2400000.5)
44- 46 F3.1 arcsec D ? Distance between optical and X-ray source
48- 65 A18 --- ObsID Observation ID (1)
67- 72 F6.1 d Dt ? Time after observed start of optical outburst
74 A1 --- l_L50 Limit flag on L50 (3σ upper limit)
75- 78 F4.1 10+29W L50 ? Unabsorbed equivalent luminosity in the
0.2-10.0keV band assuming a 50eV black body
spectrum with Galactic foreground absorption
80- 82 F3.1 10+29W e_L50 ? rms uncertainty on L50 (1σ error)
84-103 A20 --- Com Comments (2)
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Note (1): mrg3/4/5 (HRC-I/EPIC) indicates merged data of all HRC-I/EPIC
observations during 2009/10, 2010/11 or 2011/12.
The entries mrg1 and mrg2 refer to the merged data of the 2007/8 and 2008/9
campaigns presented in Paper II (Cat. J/A+A/533/A52, same abbreviations
there).
ObsID 13100 indicates the HRC-I observations 13178, 13179 and 13180 merged.
Note (2): The comment GC refers to the nova in the globular cluster
Bol 126 (Henze et al., 2013A&A...549A.120H 2013A&A...549A.120H).
SSS or SSS-HR indicate X-ray sources classified as supersoft based on
XMM-Newton spectra or Chandra hardness ratios, respectively.
The comment ToO refers to the observations presented in Henze et al.
(2012A&A...544A..44H 2012A&A...544A..44H).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
7- 11 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
13 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
14- 15 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
17- 18 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
20- 23 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
25- 28 I4 --- ID Source number in the catalogue of Stiele et al.
2011 (J/A+A/534/A55, [SPH2011] NNNN) except 875
29 A1 --- n_ID [*] *: source 875 was only present in the work
of Stiele et al. 2008 (J/A+A/480/599,
<[PFH2005] 875> in Simbad
31- 60 A30 --- Com Comments
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 A3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
25- 47 A23 --- Aut Author's name
49-142 A94 --- Com Comments
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Henze et al., Paper I 2010A&A...523A..89H 2010A&A...523A..89H
Henze et al., Paper II 2011A&A...533A..52H 2011A&A...533A..52H, Cat. J/A+A/533/A52
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 21-Feb-2014