J/A+A/564/A79 Proper motions of open clusters from UCAC4 (Dias+, 2014)
Proper motions of the optically visible open clusters based on the
UCAC4 catalog.
Dias W.S., Monteiro H., Caetano T.C., Lepine J.R.D., Assafin M.,
Oliveira A.F.
<Astron. Astrophys. 564, A79 (2014)>
=2014A&A...564A..79D 2014A&A...564A..79D
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, open ; Proper motions ; Radial velocities
Keywords: open clusters and associations: general
Abstract:
We present a catalog of mean proper motions and membership
probabilities of individual stars for optically visible open clusters,
which have been determined using data from the UCAC4 catalog in a
homogeneous way. The mean proper motion of the cluster and the
membership probabilities of the stars in the region of each cluster
were determined by applying the statistical method in a modified
fashion. In this study, we applied a global optimization procedure to
fit the observed distribution of proper motions with two overlapping
normal bivariate frequency functions, which also take the individual
proper motion errors into account. For 724 clusters, this is the first
determination of proper motion, and for the whole sample, we present
results with a much larger number of identified astrometric member
stars. Furthermore, it was possible to estimate the mean radial
velocity of 364 clusters (102 unpublished so far) with the stellar
membership using published radial velocity catalogs. These results
provide an increase of 30% and 19% in the sample of open clusters with
a determined mean absolute proper motion and mean radial velocity,
respectively.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 153 1805 List of the parameters provided by the statistical
method for 1805 open clusters
table3.dat 152 724 List of the parameters provided by the statistical
method for 724 open clusters with previously
unpublished proper motions in Table 2
table4.dat 36 102 Mean radial velocity for 102 open clusters
pm/* . 1803 Proper motions and membership, by cluster,
based on UCAC4
pm2/* . 2 Proper motions and membership, for IC 1805 and
NGC 2437, based on PPMXL
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See also:
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2013)
III/254 : 2nd Cat. of Radial Velocities with Astrometric Data
(Kharchenko+, 2007)
III/265 : RAVE catalog A+B (also includes DR1 and DR2) (Siebert+, 2011)
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
I/322 : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)
http://www.astro.iag.usp.br/ocdb :
Open clusters and Galactic structure (Dias+, 2002)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[23].dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- n_Cluster [*] * indicates previously unpublished
proper motions (table3)
3- 19 A17 --- Cluster Cluster name
21- 29 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right Ascension J2000 (degrees), at J2000.0
31- 39 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination J2000 (degrees), at J2000.0
41- 46 F6.2 arcmin Rad Radius (centered in the coordinates of the
cluster) used to extract the stars from
the UCAC4 Catalogue
48- 53 I6 --- N [11/336543] Number of UCAC4 stars in the field
55- 60 I6 --- Nc [1/246150] Estimated number of cluster members
62- 67 F6.2 mas/yr pmRAc Mean proper motion of the cluster
(µ_α.cos(δ), ICRS)
69- 73 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmRAc Error in pmRAc
75- 80 F6.2 mas/yr pmDEc Mean proper motion of the cluster
(µδ, ICRS)
82- 86 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmDEc Error in pmDEc
88- 92 F5.2 --- rhoc [-1/1] Correlation coefficient ρc
of the cluster stars
94- 98 I5 --- Nf [0/90393] Estimated number of field stars
in the cluster
100-105 F6.2 mas/yr pmRAf Mean proper motion of the field stars
in µα.cos(δ), ICRS
107-111 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmRAf Standard deviation of pmRAf
113-118 F6.2 mas/yr pmDEf Mean proper motion of the field stars
in µδ, ICRS
120-124 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmDEf Standard deviation of pmDEf
126-130 F5.2 --- rhof [-1/1] Correlation coefficient ρf
of the field stars
132-152 A21 --- FileName Name of the table in "pm" subdirectory
with proper motions and membership
153 A1 --- n_FileName [2] 2 when a second file exists in
subdirectory pm2, baased on PPMXL (I/317)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- Cluster Cluster name
19- 25 F7.2 km/s RV Mean radial velocity of the cluster
27- 31 F5.2 km/s e_RV Error of the mean radial velocity of the cluster
33- 34 I2 --- o_RV Number of stars used for radial velocity
36 I1 --- r_RV Source for individual radial velocity (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sources as follows:
1 = CRVAD2 - 2nd Cat. of Radial Velocities with Astrometric Data
(Kharchenko+, 2007, Cat. III/254)
2 = RAVE catalog - RAVE 3rd data release (Siebert+, 2011, Cat. III/265)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: pm/*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Cluster Cluster name
19- 28 F10.6 arcmin R Distance from source
30- 39 A10 --- UCAC4 UCAC4 recommended identifier (ZZZ-NNNNNN) (1)
41- 51 F11.7 deg RAdeg Mean right ascension (ICRS), Ep=J2000 (2)
53- 55 I3 mas e_RAdeg Mean error of RAdeg at mean epoch
57- 67 F11.7 deg DEdeg Mean declination (ICRS), Ep=J2000 (2)
69- 71 I3 mas e_DEdeg Mean error of DEdeg at mean epoch
73- 76 I4 mas ePos Total mean error on position at Ep=J2000 (3)
78- 84 F7.2 yr EpRA Central epoch for mean RA
86- 92 F7.2 yr EpDE Central epoch for mean Declination
94- 99 F6.3 mag f.mag ? UCAC fit model magnitude (579-642nm) (4)
101-106 F6.3 mag a.mag ? UCAC aperture magnitude (579-642nm) (4)
108-111 F4.2 mag e_a.mag ? Mean error on f.mag and a.mag (5)
113 I1 --- of [0/9] UCAC4 object classification flag (6)
115-116 I2 --- db [0/36] UCAC4 double star flag (7)
118-120 I3 --- Na [0/71] Number of UCAC observations for the star
122-124 I3 --- Nu [0/70] Number of used UCAC observations (8)
126-128 I3 --- Nc [1/38] Number of catalog positions used for pm
130-137 F8.1 mas/yr pmRA ? Proper motion in RA(*cos(Dec)) (9)
139-142 F4.1 mas/yr e_pmRA ? Mean error on pmRA (9)
144-151 F8.1 mas/yr pmDE ? Proper motion in Dec (9)
153-156 F4.1 mas/yr e_pmDE ? Mean error on pmDE (9)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
158-166 I9 --- MPOS1 [1/182895114] Unique star ID number (10)
168-177 A10 --- UCAC2 UCAC2 (Cat. I/289) designation (ZZZ-NNNNNN)
179-190 A12 --- Tycho-2 Tycho-2 (Cat. I/259) designation (FFFF-NNNNN-N)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
192-201 I10 --- 2Mkey ? 2MASS (Cat. II/246) Unique source identifier
203-208 F6.3 mag Jmag ? 2MASS J magnitude (1.2um)
210-213 F4.2 mag e_Jmag ? Mean error (rounded to 0.01mag)
214 A1 --- --- [:]
215-216 I02 --- q_Jmag [0,58]? J-band quality-confusion flag (11)
218-223 F6.3 mag Hmag ? 2MASS H magnitude (1.6um)
225-228 F4.2 mag e_Hmag ? Mean error (rounded to 0.01mag)
229 A1 --- --- [:]
230-231 I02 --- q_Hmag [0,58]? H-band quality-confusion flag (11)
233-238 F6.3 mag Kmag ? 2MASS Ks magnitude (2.2um)
240-243 F4.2 mag e_Kmag ? Mean error (rounded to 0.01mag)
244 A1 --- --- [:]
245-246 I02 --- q_Kmag [0,58]? K-band quality-confusion flag (11)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
248-253 F6.3 mag Bmag ? B magnitude from APASS (12)
255-256 I02 cmag e_Bmag ? Estimated error on Bmag (12)
258 A1 --- f_Bmag [.-] Actual or S/N estimated error (12)
260-265 F6.3 mag Vmag ? V magnitude from APASS (12)
267-268 I02 cmag e_Vmag ? Estimated error on Vmag (12)
270 A1 --- f_Vmag [.-] Actual or S/N estimated error (12)
272-277 F6.3 mag gmag ? g magnitude from APASS (12)
279-280 I02 cmag e_gmag ? Estimated error on gmag (12)
282 A1 --- f_gmag [.-] Actual or S/N estimated error (12)
284-289 F6.3 mag rmag ? r magnitude from APASS (12)
291-292 I02 cmag e_rmag ? Estimated error on rmag (12)
294 A1 --- f_rmag [.-] Actual or S/N estimated error (12)
296-301 F6.3 mag imag ? i magnitude from APASS (12)
303-304 I02 cmag e_imag ? Estimated error on imag (12)
306 A1 --- f_imag [.-] Actual or S/N estimated error (12)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
308 I1 --- g [0,3] g-flag from SPM (13)
310 I1 --- c [0,7] c-flag from SPM (14)
312 I1 --- H [0/9] Hipparcos/Tycho flag (15)
314 I1 --- A [0/8] AC2000 flag (16)
316 I1 --- b [0/8] AGK2 Bonn match flag (16)
318 I1 --- h [0/8] AGK2 Hamburg match flag (16)
320 I1 --- Z [0/8] Zone astrographic match flag (16)
322 I1 --- B [0/8] Black Birch match flag (16)
324 I1 --- L [0/8] Lick Astrographic match flag (16)
326 I1 --- N [0/8] NPM Lick match flag (16)
328 I1 --- S [0/8] SPM Lick match flag (16)
330-331 I2 [6arcsec] LEDA LEDA I-band galaxy match (17)
333-334 I2 arcsec 2MX 2MASX K-band match (18)
339-341 I3 % P [0/100] Membership probability
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): the UCAC4 number is the recommended identification of UCAC4 stars.
It made as "ZZZ-NNNNNNN", where zzz is the zone number (between 1 and
900 from South pole to North pole, each zone being 0.2° wide), and
nnnnnn the 6-digit running number in the zone.
Note (2): Positions are on the International Celestial Reference System
(ICRS) as represented by the Hipparcos / Tycho-2 catalogs. The epoch
for the positions of all stars is J2000.0: the weighted mean catalog
position was updated using the proper motions. The observational UCAC
position is but one of several going into these values and is not
given in the UCAC4; thus the original UCAC observation cannot be
recovered from these data.
Note (3): taking into account the propagation of the proper motion error
between the mean epoch and J2000.
Note (4): systematic errors are expected to be below 0.1mag. The aperture
photometry (a.mag) is considered more robust, particularly for "odd"
cases, while the model fit magnitude is expected to be more accurate
for "well behaved" stars.
Note (5): For many stars a photometric error based on the scatter from
individual observations of that star on different CCD frames could be
obtained. A model error was also attempted to be assigned, based on
the S/N ratio. The error quoted here is the larger of the 2. If that
error exceeds 0.9mag the error was set to 0.9mag
Note (6): the object type flag is used to identify possible problems
with a star and has the following meaning:
0 = good, clean star, no known problem
1 = near overexposed star
2 = possible streak object
3 = high proper motion (HPM) star
4 = actually use external HPM data instead of UCAC4 observed data
(accuracy of positions varies between catalogs)
5 = poor proper motion solution, report only CCD epoch position
6 = substitute poor astrometric results by FK6/Hip/Tycho-2 data
7 = added supplement star (no CCD data) from FK6/Hip/Tycho-2 data,
and 2 stars added from high proper motion surveys
8 = high proper motion solution in UCAC4, star not matched with PPMXL
9 = high proper motion solution in UCAC4, discrepant motion to PPMXL
Note (7): The double star flag is used to indicate the type/quality
of double star fit. It is a combination of 2 flags, dsf+dst:
* dsf = double star flag, represents the overall classification:
0 = single star
10 = component #1 of "good" double star
20 = component #2 of "good" double star
30 = blended image
* dst = double star type, derived from pixel data image profile fits
(largest value of all images used for this star):
0 = no double star, not sufficient #pixels or elongation
to even call double star fit subroutine
1 = elongated image but no more than 1 peak detected
2 = 2 separate peaks detected -> try double star fit
3 = secondary peak found on each side of primary
4 = case 1 after successful double fit (small separation, blended image)
5 = case 2 after successful double fit (most likely real double)
6 = case 3 after successful double fit (brighter secondary picked)
Note (8): A zero for the number of used images indicates that all images
have some "problem" (such as overexposure). In that case an unweighted
mean over all available images (Na) is taken to derive the mean
position, while normally a weighted mean was calculated based on the
"good" images, excluding possible problem images (Nu≤Na).
Note (9): For astrometric data copied from the FK6, Hipparcos and Tycho-2
catalogs a mean error in positions was adopted depending on input
catalog and the brightness of the star rather than giving the
individual star's error quoted in those catalogs.
Note (10): This unique star identification number is between 200001 and
321640 for Hipparcos stars, and between 1 and 9430 for non-Hipparcos
stars supplemented to the UCAC4 catalog (no CCD observation). For all
other stars this unique star identification number is the internal
mean-position-file (MPOS) number + 1million. Note, there are several
thousand cases where different UCAC4 stars link to the same Hipparcos
star number due to resolved binary stars with each component being a
separate star entry in UCAC4.
Note (11): For each 2MASS bandpass a combined flag was created
(cc_flg + ph_qual) consisting of the contamination flag (0 to 50)
and the photometric quality flag (0 to 8).
00 = cc_flg 2MASS '0', no artifacts or contamination
10 = cc_flg 2MASS 'p', source may be contaminated by a latent image
20 = cc_flg 2MASS 'c', photometric confusion
30 = cc_flg 2MASS 'd', diffraction spike confusion
40 = cc_flg 2MASS 's', electronic stripe
50 = cc_flg 2MASS 'b', bandmerge confusion
0 = no ph_qual flag
1 = ph_qual 2MASS 'X', no valid brightness estimate
2 = ph_qual 2MASS 'U', upper limit on magnitude
3 = ph_qual 2MASS 'F', no reliable estimate of the photometric error
4 = ph_qual 2MASS 'E', goodness-of-fit quality of profile-fit poor
5 = ph_qual 2MASS 'A', valid measurement, snr>10 AND cmsig<0.10857
6 = ph_qual 2MASS 'B', valid measurement, snr> 7 AND cmsig<0.15510
7 = ph_qual 2MASS 'C', valid measurement, snr> 5 AND cmsig<0.21714
8 = ph_qual 2MASS 'D', valid measurement, no snr OR cmsig req.
For example the value 05 is decoded to be cc_flg=0, and ph_qual=5,
meaning no artifacts or contamination and 2MASS qual flag = "A".
Note (12): Data are from the AAVSO Photometric all-sky survey (APASS) DR6
plus single observation stars kindly provided by A.Henden. For bright
stars the Bmag and Vmag columns contain the Hipparcos/Tycho Bt and Vt
mags respectively, whenever there is no APASS B or V available and
valid Bt or Vt mags were found. The errors flagged with "-" are formal
errors estimated from the S/N, while the "normal" errors (flagged with
".") are from the official release data error estimates (at least 2
observations per star).
Note (13): The g-flag from the Yale San Juan first epoch Southern
Proper Motion data (YSJ1, SPM) has the following meaning:
0 = no info
1 = matched with 2MASS extended source list (2MASX
2 = LEDA galaxy
3 = known QSO
Note (14): The c-flag from the Yale San Juan first epoch Southern Proper
Motion data (YSJ1, SPM) indicates which input catalog has been used
to identify stars for pipeline processing:
1 = Hipparcos (Cat. I/311)
2 = Tycho2 (Cat. I/259)
3 = UCAC2 (Cat. I/289)
4 = 2MASS psc (Cat. II/246)
5 = 2MASS xsc (extended sources, Cat. VII/233; largely galaxies)
6 = LEDA (confirmed galaxies, Paturel et al. 2005)
7 = QSO (Veron-Cetty & Veron 2006, Cat. VII/248)
Note (15): The FK6-Hipparcos-Tycho-source-flag has the following meaning:
0 = not a Hipparcos or Tycho star
1 = Hipparcos 1997 version main catalog (Cat I/239)
2 = Hipparcos double star annex
3 = Tycho-2 (Cat. I/259)
4 = Tycho annex 1
5 = Tycho annex 2
6 = FK6 position and proper motion (instead of Hipparcos data)
7 = Hippparcos 2007 solution position and proper motion (Cat. I/311)
8 = FK6, only PM substitution (not in UCAC4 data)
9 = Hipparcos 2007, only proper motion substituted (Cat. I/311)
Note (16): The catflg match flag is provided for major catalogs used
in the computation of the proper motions. Each match is analyzed
for multiple matches of entries of the 1st catalog to 2nd catalog
entries, and the other way around. Matches are also classified
by separation and difference in magnitude to arrive at a confidence
level group. The flag has the following meaning:
0 = star not matched with this catalog
1 = unique-unique match, not involving a double star
2 = unique-unique match, but involving a flagged double star
3 = multiple match but unique in high confidence level group, no double
4 = as 3, but involving a flagged double star
5 = closest match, not involving a double, likely o.k.
6 = closest match, but involving a flagged double star
7 = maybe o.k. smallest separation match in both directions, no double
8 = as 7, but involving a flagged double star
Note (17): value is either 0 (no match) or contains the log of the apparent
total diameter (in 0.1arcmin) for I-band (object size) information
copied from the LEDA catalog (galaxies). A size value of less than 1
has been rounded up to 1.
Note (18): This flag is either 0 (no match) or contains the length of the
semi-major axis of the fiducial ellipse at the K-band (object size)
information copied from the 2MASS extended source catalog.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: pm2/*
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- Cluster Cluster name
22- 28 F7.4 arcmin R Distance from source
30- 48 I19 --- PPMXL PPMXL recommended identifier (5)
51- 61 F11.7 deg RAdeg Mean right ascension (ICRS), Ep=J2000
63- 72 F10.6 deg DEdeg Mean declination (ICRS), Ep=J2000
73- 80 F8.3 mas/yr pmRA ? Proper motion in RA(*cos(Dec))
81- 88 F8.3 mas/yr pmDE ? Proper motion in Dec
90- 96 F7.2 yr EpRA Central epoch for mean RA
98-104 F7.2 yr EpDE Central epoch for mean Declination
112-114 I3 mas e_RAdeg Mean error of RAdeg at mean epoch (6)
122-124 I3 mas e_DEdeg Mean error of DEdeg at mean epoch (6)
128-132 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmRA ? Mean error on pmRA
136-140 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmDE ? Mean error on pmDE
143-148 F6.3 mag Jmag ? 2MASS J magnitude (1.2um)
152-156 F5.3 mag e_Jmag ? Mean error (rounded to 0.01mag)
159-164 F6.3 mag Hmag ? 2MASS H magnitude (1.6um)
168-172 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? Mean error (rounded to 0.01mag)
175-180 F6.3 mag Kmag ? 2MASS Ks magnitude (2.2um)
184-188 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? Mean error (rounded to 0.01mag)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
191-196 F6.3 mag B1mag ? B magnitude from USNO-B, first epoch (1)
199-204 F6.3 mag B2mag ? B magnitude from USNO-B, second epoch (1)
207-212 F6.3 mag R1mag ? R magnitude from USNO-B, first epoch (1)
215-220 F6.3 mag R2mag ? R magnitude from USNO-B, second epoch (1)
223-228 F6.3 mag Imag ? I magnitude from USNO-B (1)
232-236 A5 --- Smags [0-8-] Surveys used for USNO-B magnitudes (2)
239-240 I2 --- No ?=- Number of observations used (4)
243-244 I2 --- Fl [0/15] Flags (3)
251-252 A2 --- 2M [2M]
256-260 A5 --- NOMAD [NOMAD]
264-266 I3 % P [0/100] Membership probability
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Magnitudes from USNO-B (Cat. I/284) should be used with care,
photometric calibration may be severely off for some plates.
For objects from PPMX (Cat I/312, bit#1 set in "fl"), these
magnitudes have a special meaning:
------------------------------------------------------------
Column [PPMX] Content
------------------------------------------------------------
b1mag [Cmag] Catalogue magnitude from source
b2mag [Bmag] Johnson B magnitude
r1mag [Rmag] calculated Ru (UCAC) magnitude from source
r2mag --- (always empty)
imag [Vmag] Johnson V magnitude
------------------------------------------------------------
Note (2): Flags indicating the origin of the 5 USNO-B magnitudes,
(except when bit#1 set in "fl", see Note(1) above):
---------------------------------------------------
# Survey Emuls Wavelen. Zones Fld Dates
(nm) Obs.
---------------------------------------------------
0 = POSS-I 103a-O 350-500 -30..+90 936 1949-1965
1 = POSS-I 103a-E 620-670 -30..+90 936 1949-1965
2 = POSS-II IIIa-J 385-540 +00..+87 897 1985-2000
3 = POSS-II IIIa-F 610-690 +00..+87 897 1985-1999
4 = SERC-J IIIa-J 385-540 -90..-05 606 1978-1990
5 = ESO-R IIIa-F 630-690 -90..-05 624 1974-1994
6 = AAO-R IIIa-F 590-690 -90..-20 606 1985-1998
7 = POSS-II* IV-N 730-900 +05..+87 800 1981-2002
8 = SERC-I IV-N 715-900 -90..+00 892 1978-2002
---------------------------------------------------
(*) Here #7 includes the SERC-I plates in the zones
+05..+20 (numbered #9 in USNO-B1.0)
---------------------------------------------------
Note (3): The flag is a bitwise or number (Σ2i)
which each bit number (i) has the meaning:
#0 (1) = if set, one of the coordinates had an excessively large
chi square.
#1 (2) = Row is from PPMX (Cat. I/312). These objects are mostly
Tycho stars that were masked out of USNO-B. When this
bit is set, the USNO magnitudes (b1mag through imag)
have special meanings, see Note (1) above.
#2 (4) = Row is from PPMX (Cat. I/312) and replaces a single row
from USNO-B. This is done when the astrometry from PPMX
was better (in terms of error estimates) than the astrometry
of the corresponding PPMXL object.
#3 (8) = Row replaces multiple USNO-B1.0 objects. When PPMX contains
an object that has more than one counterpart in PPMXL, all
such counterparts are discarded on the assumption that they
should have been matched in USNO-B1.0 or result from
erroneous matches. For these rows, bit#1 is always 1.
Note (4): No may be blank (null) for stars coming from ARIHIP or
Tycho-2 via PPMX (i.e. bit#1 is set in "fl")
Note (5): the identifier is a 64-bit integer representing the "pixel"
number of the USNO-B 1.0 object in Q3C (QuadTreeCube, Koposov and
Glushkova 2006IAUJD..13E..43K 2006IAUJD..13E..43K [ADASS 2005]).
Note (6): the mean errors at epoch J2000 are the convolution of the mean
error at the mean epoch and the error due to the propagation of the
error on the proper motion, i.e.
σ(J2000) = sqrt[σ02 + ((2000-t0)*σ(pm))2]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
This project is supported by FAPESP (grant number 2013/01115-6)
Wilton Dias, wiltonsdias(at)yahoo.com.br
History:
* 07-May-2014: First on-line version
* 30-Sep-2015: Cluster name added in pm/* and pm2/* files
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 17-Apr-2014