J/A+A/570/A29 TBOSS Survey I: Herschel/PACS (Bulger+, 2014)
The Taurus Boundary of Stellar/Substellar (TBOSS) Survey.
I. Far-IR disk emission measured with Herschel.
Bulger J., Patience J., Ward-Duong K., Pinte C., Bouy H., Menard F.,
Monin J.-L.
<Astron. Astrophys. 570, A29 (2014)>
=2014A&A...570A..29B 2014A&A...570A..29B
ADC_Keywords: Photometry; Stars, early-type; Stars, dwarfs; Stars, M-type;
Energy distributions
Keywords: brown dwarfs - stars: pre-main sequence - protoplanetary disks
Abstract:
With Herschel PACS 134 low mass members of the Taurus star-forming
region spanning the M4-L0 spectral type range and covering the
transition from low mass stars to brown dwarfs were observed.
Combining the new Herschel results with other programs, a total of 150
of the 154 M4-L0 Taurus members members have observations with
Herschel. Among the 150 targets, 70um flux densities were measured for
7 of the 7 Class I objects, 48 of the 67 Class II members, and 3 of
the 76 Class III targets. For the detected Class II objects, the
median 70um flux density level declines with spectral type, however,
the distribution of excess relative to central object flux density
does not change across the stellar/substellar boundary in the M4-L0
range. Connecting the 70um TBOSS values with the results from K0-M3
Class II members results in the first comprehensive census of far-IR
emission across the full mass spectrum of the stellar and substellar
population of a star-forming region, and the median flux density
declines with spectral type in a trend analogous to the flux density
decline expected for the central objects. Based on an initial
exploration of the impact of different physical parameters;
inclination, scale height and flaring have the largest influence on
the PACS flux densities. From the 24um to 70um spectral index of the
SEDs, 5 new candidate transition disks were identified. The steep 24um
to 70um slope for a subset of 8 TBOSS targets may be an indication of
truncated disks in these systems. Two examples of mixed pair systems
that include secondaries with disks were measured. Finally, comparing
the TBOSS results with a Herschel study of Ophiuchus brown dwarfs
reveals a lower fraction of disks around the Taurus substellar
population.
Description:
134 targets of the TBOSS sample were observed with Herschel PACS
(program ID: OT1patienc1) at 70um and 160um. Combining the new
Herschel results with other Herschel programs, PACS photometry at 70um
and/or 100um, and 160um is presented for 150 targets of the TBOSS
sample. SEDs were constructed for all TBOSS targets covering the
optical to far-IR range and extending to the submm/mm for a subset of
sources.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 58 154 Properties of the known 154 M4-L0 Taurus members
table2.dat 78 134 Herschel PACS OTC1jpatience1 observing log
table4.dat 90 161 TBOSS stellar properties
table5.dat 90 150 Herschel PACS photometry compilation
tablea1.dat 117 154 Optical and near-IR photometry compilation of the
known 154 M4-L0 Taurus members
tablea2.dat 134 154 Spitzer IRAC and WISE All-Sky Data release
photometry compilation of the known 154 M4-L0
Taurus members
tablea3.dat 104 154 Spitzer MIPS and Herschel PACS photometry
compilation of the known 154 M4-L0 Taurus members
tablea4.dat 113 154 Submillimeter and and millimeter photometry
compilation of the known 154 M4-L0 Taurus members
refs.dat 62 39 References
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See also:
VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)
J/PASP/125/477 : Gas Survey of Protoplanetary Systems. I. (Dent+, 2013)
J/ApJ/751/115 : Millimeter emission from Taurus binary systems (Harris+, 2012)
J/ApJ/731/8 : Multiple star formation in Taurus-Auriga (Kraus+, 2011)
J/ApJS/196/4 : New young star candidates in Taurus-Auriga (Rebull+, 2011)
J/ApJS/186/259 : Taurus Spitzer survey: new candidate members (Rebull+, 2010)
J/A+A/519/A83 : T Tau stars toward the Taurus-Auriga region (Takita+ 2010)
J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)
J/ApJ/703/1511 : Wide binaries in Taurus and Upper Sco (Kraus+, 2009)
J/PASJ/60/209 : Faint companions around YSOs in TMC (Itoh+, 2008)
J/ApJ/647/1180 : Infrared photometry of Taurus SFR (Luhman+, 2006)
J/ApJ/645/676 : Spatial distribution of brown dwarfs in Taurus (Luhman+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/2665 : QUEST2 BRI photometry of Taurus-Auriga PMS (Slesnick+, 2006)
J/A+A/446/485 : New very low-mass members in Taurus (Guieu+, 2006)
J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)
J/ApJS/101/117 : UBVRIJHKLMNQ photometry in Taurus-Auriga (Kenyon+ 1995)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
37- 39 A3 --- cl SED evolutionary class (1)
41- 47 A7 --- SpType MK spectral type
49- 52 F4.2 --- e_SpType ? Spectral type uncertainty
54- 55 I2 --- Ref Reference (in refs.dat file)
57- 60 A4 --- n_2MASS Note(s) (2)
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Note (1): SED classes (I, II or III) for all targets are those reported in
Luhman et al. (2010ApJS..186..111L 2010ApJS..186..111L) excluding the additional two new
members reported in Rebull et al. (2010ApJS..186..259R 2010ApJS..186..259R) as indicated
in the Notes column.
Note (2): Notes as follows:
a = Target observed under the Herschel program KPGTpandre1
b = Target observed under the Herschel program KPOTbdent1
c = Target observed under the Herschel program GT1pharve012
d = Observed in the far-IR with Spitzer MIPS only
e = No far-IR observations exist for this target
f = For the mid-M classification, we adopt a spectral type of M4
g = For the M6-M8 classification, we adopt a spectral type of M7
h = SED class from Rebull et al. (2010ApJS..186..259R 2010ApJS..186..259R)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
37- 46 I10 --- ScanID Scan ID
48- 57 I10 --- CSID Cross scan ID
59- 69 A11 "YYYY/MMM/DD" Date UT date
71- 74 I4 s Tdur Total target integration time
76- 78 I3 s Ton [180/240] On-source integration time
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- Fit Spectral fit ("Individual" or "Combined")
12- 28 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
30- 51 A22 --- OName Other name
53- 59 A7 --- SpType MK spectral type
61- 64 F4.1 mag Av [0/38]? Visual band extinction
65 A1 --- f_Av [a/b] Av flag (4)
67- 70 I4 K Teff ? Effective temperature
72- 76 F5.3 Rsun Rs ? Stellar radius (Rstar)
78- 80 F3.1 mag Av1 [0/6]? Av SED fit
82- 86 F5.3 Rsun Rs1 ? Rstar SED fit
87 A1 --- f_Rs1 [c] Extreme fit (5)
89- 90 I2 --- Ref ? Reference (in refs.dat file)
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Note (4): Notes as follows:
a = For L1521F-IRS upper limits are reported in 2MASS at JHK
b = For these systems the calculated excesses between the 2MASS JH and the
intrinsic colors (Luhman et al.; 2010ApJS..186..111L 2010ApJS..186..111L) are negative
Note (5): Note as follows:
c = The best-fit spectrum of FU Tau A+B resulted in an extreme fit to the
stellar radius. The system is noted to be an over luminous source in
Luhman et al. (2009ApJ...691.1265L 2009ApJ...691.1265L)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
37- 39 A3 --- cl Evolution Class (I, II or III)
41- 47 A7 --- SpType MK spectral type
49 A1 --- l_F70 Limit flag on F70um (6)
50- 53 I4 mJy F70 ? Herschel/PACS 70µm flux density (6)
55- 57 I3 mJy e_F70 ? Uncertainty in F70um (6)
58 A1 --- f_F70 [d] contamination flag (7)
60 A1 --- l_F100 Limit flag on F100um (6)
61- 65 I5 mJy F100 ? Herschel/PACS 100µm flux density (6)
67- 69 I3 mJy e_F100 ? Uncertainty in F100um (6)
70 A1 --- f_F100 [d] contamination flag (7)
72 A1 --- l_F160 Limit flag on F160um (6)
73- 77 I5 mJy F160 ? Herschel/PACS 160µm flux density (6)
79- 81 I3 mJy e_F160 ? Uncertainty in F160um (6)
82 A1 --- f_F160 [d] contamination flag (7)
84- 85 I2 --- Ref ? Reference (in refs.dat file)
87- 90 A4 --- Note [a-c, ] Notes (7)
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Note (6): Upper limits are reported at a 3σ level. The errors listed
are the 1σ statistical measurement error. Uncertainties in the
absolute flux calibration at 70um, 100um and 160um are 2.64%, 2.75%
and 4.15% respectively.
Note (7): Notes as follows:
a = GG Tau Ba+Bb is unresolved from the primary system (GG Tau Aa+Ab)
at 100um and 160um (Howard et al.; 2013ApJ...776...21H 2013ApJ...776...21H)
b = Flux densities measured from the level 2.5 processed maps observed
under the program KPGTpandre1
c = IRAS 04325+2402 falls outside of the coverage region from the
KPGTpandre1 processed map at 160um
d = Flux densities are unresolved from a companion of earlier spectral
type (>M4), not included within the TBOSS sample
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
38- 42 F5.2 mJy Rc ? Rc-band flux density (9)
44- 48 F5.2 mJy e_Rc ? Uncertainty in Rc (9)
50- 54 F5.2 mJy Ic ? Ic-band flux density (9)
56- 60 F5.2 mJy e_Ic ? Uncertainty in Ic (9)
62 A1 --- l_J Limit flag on J (10)
63- 68 F6.2 mJy J J-band flux density (10)
70- 73 F4.2 mJy e_J ? Uncertainty in J (10)
75 A1 --- l_H Limit flag on H (10)
76- 81 F6.2 mJy H H-band flux density (10)
83- 87 F5.2 mJy e_H ? Uncertainty in H (10)
89- 94 F6.2 mJy K K-band flux density (10)
96- 99 F4.2 mJy e_K ? Uncertainty in K (10)
101-106 A6 --- r_Rc Reference(s) of Rc (in refs.dat file)
108-117 A10 --- r_Ic Reference(s) of Ic (in refs.dat file)
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Note (9): Rc and Ic flux densities are taken from those reported in the
literature. For those targets with multiple Rc and/or Ic observations reported
in the literature, the median flux density is listed.
Uncertainties of 0.8mag and 0.3mag were adopted for the Rc and Ic photometry
measurements, respectively.
Note (10): JHK flux densities are taken from the 2MASS point source catalog
(Cutri et al., 2003, Cat. II/246).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
37- 42 F6.2 mJy F3.4 ? WISE/W1 (3.4um) band flux density (12)
44- 48 F5.2 mJy e_F3.4 ? Uncertainty in WISE/W1 (12)
50- 55 F6.2 mJy F3.6 ? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux density (11)
57- 60 F4.2 mJy e_F3.6 ? Uncertainty in F3.6 (11)
62- 67 F6.2 mJy F4.5 ? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um flux density (11)
69- 72 F4.2 mJy e_F4.5 ? Uncertainty in F4.5 (11)
74- 79 F6.2 mJy F4.6 ? WISE/W2 (4.6um) flux density (12)
81- 84 F4.2 mJy e_F4.6 ? Uncertainty in WISE/W2 (12)
86- 91 F6.2 mJy F5.8 ? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um flux density (11)
93- 96 F4.2 mJy e_F5.8 ? Uncertainty in F5.8 (11)
98-103 F6.2 mJy F8 ? Spitzer/IRAC 8um flux density (11)
105-109 F5.2 mJy e_F8 ? Uncertainty in F8 (11)
111 A1 --- l_F12 Limit flag on WISE/W3 (12)
112-116 F5.1 mJy F12 ? WISE/W3 (12um) flux density (12)
118-121 F4.1 mJy e_F12 ? Uncertainty in WISE/W3 (12)
123 A1 --- l_F22 Limit flag on WISE/W4 (12)
124-129 F6.1 mJy F22 ? WISE/W4 (22um) flux density (12)
131-134 F4.1 mJy e_F22 ? Uncertainty in WISE/W4 (12)
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Note (11): Spitzer IRAC flux densities are those reported in Luhman et al.
(2010ApJS..186..111L 2010ApJS..186..111L), excluding 2MASS J04251550+2829275 and
2MASS J04355760+2253574, for which the IRAC flux densities are taken from
those reported in Rebull et al. (2010ApJS..186..259R 2010ApJS..186..259R).
The weighted average flux density is reported for targets with multi-epoch
IRAC observations.
Note (12): WISE flux densities are taken from the WISE All-Sky Catalog
(Wright et al., 2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
37 A1 --- l_F24 ? Limit flag on F24 (13)
38- 43 F6.1 mJy F24 ? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux density (13)
45- 48 F4.1 mJy e_F24 ? Uncertainty in F24 (13)
50 A1 --- l_F70 ? Limit flag on F70 (13)
51- 54 I4 mJy F70 ? Spitzer/MIPS 70um band flux density (13)
56- 58 I3 mJy e_F70 ? Uncertainty in F70 (13)
60 A1 --- l_F70h ? Limit flag on F70h (13)
61- 64 I4 mJy F70h ? Herschel/PACS 70um flux density (13)
66- 68 I3 mJy e_F70h ? Uncertainty in F70h (13)
70 A1 --- l_F100 ? Limit flag on F100 (13)
71- 75 I5 mJy F100 ? Herschel/PACS 100um flux density (13)
77- 79 I3 mJy e_F100 ? Uncertainty in F100 (13)
81 A1 --- l_F160 ? Limit flag on F160 (13)
82- 86 I5 mJy F160 ? Herschel/PACS 160um flux density (13)
88- 90 I3 mJy e_F160 ? Uncertainty in F160 (13)
92- 96 A5 --- r_F24 ? Reference for Spitzer MIPS-1 and
Herschel PACS (in refs.dat file)
98-104 A7 --- N3 ? Note(s) on far-IR data (14)
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Note (13): Upper limits are reported at a 3σ level. The errors listed are
the 1σ statistical measurement errors. Uncertainties in the absolute
flux calibration with Spitzer MIPS at 24um and 70um are 4% and 7%
respectively. Uncertainties in the absolute flux calibration with Herschel
PACS at 70um, 100um and 160um are 2.64%, 2.75% and 4.15% respectively.
Spitzer MIPS-2 are those reported in Rebull et al. (2010ApJS..186..259R 2010ApJS..186..259R).
Note (14): Notes as follows:
a = Herschel PACS flux densities measured from the level 2.5 processed
maps observed under the program KPGTpandre1
b = GG Tau Ba+Bb is unresolved from the primary system (GG Tau Aa+Ab) at
100um and 160um (Howard et al; 2013ApJ...776...21H 2013ApJ...776...21H)
c = Multiple system of which the target listed is resolved with Herschel
PACS in the Blue1 and/or Blue2 channel(s) but unresolved from its
companion in the Red channel
d = Multiple system of which the target listed is the later type secondary.
The Herschel PACS flux densities reported are contaminated from the
primary companion.
e = IRAS 04325+2402 falls outside of the coverage region from the
KPGTpandre1 processed map at 160um
f = No far-IR observation exists for this target
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 35 A17 --- OName Other name
37- 40 I4 mJy F350 ? 350um band flux (15)
42- 44 I3 mJy e_F350 ? Uncertainty in 350 (15)
46 A1 --- l_F450 Limit flag on 450 (15)
47- 50 I4 mJy F450 ? 450um band flux (15)
52- 55 I4 mJy e_F450 ? Uncertainty in 450 (15)
57 A1 --- l_F850 Limit flag on 850 (15)
58- 61 I4 mJy F850 ? 850um band flux (15)
63- 65 I3 mJy e_F850 ? Uncertainty in 850 (15)
67 A1 --- l_F880 Limit flag on 880 (15)
68- 69 I2 mJy F880 ? 880um band flux (15)
71- 73 I3 mJy F1200 ? 1.2mm band flux (15)
75- 77 I3 mJy e_F1200 ? Uncertainty in 1.2mm (15)
79 A1 --- l_F1300 Limit flag on 1.3mm (15)
80- 84 F5.1 mJy F1300 ? 1.3mm band flux (15)
86- 88 F3.1 mJy e_F1300 ? Uncertainty in 1.3mm (15)
90 A1 --- l_F2600 Limit flag on 2.6mm (15)
91- 93 F3.1 mJy F2600 ? 2.6mm band flux (15)
95- 97 F3.1 mJy e_F2600 ? Uncertainty in 2.6mm (15)
99-104 A6 --- r_F350 Reference 350-1200um (in refs.dat file)
106-111 A6 --- r_F1300 Reference 1.3mm and/or 2.6mm (in refs.dat)
113 A1 --- N4 [a-d] Note on sub-millimetric data (16)
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Note (15): Upper limits are reported at a 3σ level. The errors listed
are the 1σ statistical measurement errors. The typical quoted, absolute
flux calibration uncertainties at 350um and 450um are ∼25%; at 850um is ∼10%,
and with SCUBA-2 at 850um is ∼5% (Mohanty et al., 2013ApJ...773..168M 2013ApJ...773..168M). The
reported calibration uncertainties at millimeter wavelengths are ∼10-20%.
Note (16): Notes as follows:
a = Multiple system of which the flux densities are unresolved
b = The listed submillimeter and millimeter uncertainties include both
the statistical measurement errors and uncertainties in the absolute
calibration
c = The 450um and 850um uncertainties include both the statistical
measurement errors and uncertainties in the absolute calibration
d = An anomalous continuum slope is reported in Andrews et al.
(2005ApJ...631.1134A 2005ApJ...631.1134A) for this member
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
24- 42 A19 --- Aut Author's name(s)
44- 62 A19 --- Cat Catalog's reference in VizieR
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Acknowledgements:
Joanna Bulger, joanna (at) astro.ex.ac.uk
References:
Ward-Duong et al. Paper II. 2018AJ....155...54W 2018AJ....155...54W
(End) Joanna Bulger [Univ. of Exeter], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 14-Aug-2014