J/A+A/580/A18 Carina Project VIII. α-element abundances (Fabrizio+, 2015)
The Carina Project.
VIII. The alpha-element abundances.
Fabrizio M., Nonino M., Bono G., Primas F., Thevenin F., Stetson P.B.,
Cassisi S., Buonanno R., Coppola G., da Silva R.O., Dall'Ora M.,
Ferraro I., Genovali K., Gilmozzi R., Iannicola G., Marconi M.,
Monelli M., Romaniello M., Walker A.R.
<Astron. Astrophys. 580, A18 (2015)>
=2015A&A...580A..18F 2015A&A...580A..18F
ADC_Keywords: Galaxies, nearby ; Abundances ; Equivalent widths
Keywords: galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: stellar content -
stars: fundamental parameters - galaxies: individual: Carina -
stars: abundances
Abstract:
We have performed a new abundance analysis of Carina red giant (RG)
stars from spectroscopic data collected with UVES (high spectral
resolution) and FLAMES/GIRAFFE (high and medium resolution) at
ESO/VLT. The former sample includes 44 RGs, while the latter consists
of 65 (high-resolution) and ∼800 (medium-resolution) RGs, covering a
significant fraction of the galaxy's RG branch, and red clump stars.
To improve the abundance analysis at the faint magnitude limit, the
FLAMES/GIRAFFE data were divided into ten surface gravity and
effective temperature bins. The spectra of the stars belonging to the
same gravity and temperature bin were stacked. This approach allowed
us to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the faint magnitude limit
(V≥20.5mag) by at least a factor of five. We took advantage of the
new photometry index cU,B,I introduced recently as an age and
probably a metallicity indicator to split stars along the red giant
branch. These two stellar populations display distinct [Fe/H] and
[Mg/H] distributions: their mean iron abundances are -2.15±0.06dex
(σ=0.28), and -1.75±0.03dex (σ=0.21), respectively. The
two iron distributions differ at the 75% level. This supports
preliminary results. Moreover, we found that the old and
intermediate-age stellar populations have mean [Mg/H] abundances of
-1.91±0.05dex (σ=0.22) and -1.35±0.03dex (σ=0.22);
these differ at the 83% level. Carina's - element abundances agree,
within 1σ, with similar abundances for field halo stars and for
cluster (Galactic and Magellanic) stars. The same outcome applies to
nearby dwarf spheroidals and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the iron
range covered by Carina stars. Finally, we found evidence of a clear
correlation between Na and O abundances, thus suggesting that
Carina's chemical enrichment history is quite different from that in
the globular clusters.
Description:
We present an extension of the analysis for the high-resolution
(R∼40000) UVES and FLAMES/UVES red-arm spectra presented in Fabrizio
et al. (2012, Cat. J/PASP/124/519, Paper V), where we obtained the
FeI and FeII abundances of 44 red giant Carina stars (hereafter UVES).
File table2 contains the list of cross-identified spectroscopic
targets.
File table3 contains the equivalent widths and their errors for
individual UVES stars.
File table4 contains the equivalent widths and their errors for
stacked stars in Giraffe HR grisms.
File table5 contains the individual abundances and errors for old
population stacked stars in Giraffe LR08 grism.
File table6 contains the individual abundances and errors for
intermediate-age population stacked stars in Giraffe LR08 grism.
File table8 contains the mean chemical abundances and dispersions of
Carina stars.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 89 895 List of cross-identified spectroscopic targets
table3.dat 693 42 EWs and errors for individual UVES stars
table4.dat 166 38 EWs and errors for stacked stars in Giraffe HR
table5.dat 159 4 Abundances for old-population stars in Giraffe LR
table6.dat 173 4 Abundances for intermediate stars in Giraffe LR
table8.dat 144 73 Mean chemical abundances and dispersions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/AJ/126/197 : Carina project. I. Bright variables stars (Dall'Ora+, 2003)
J/PASP/124/519 : Iron abundances of Carina red giants (Fabrizio+, 2012)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right ascension (J2000.0)
9- 17 F9.4 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000.0)
19- 23 A5 --- FMT12 Star ID according to Fabrizio et al., 2012
(J/PASP/124/519) [FMT2012] in Simbad (1)
25- 36 A12 --- UVES Star ID for UVES sample,
LG04[abc]_NNNNNN or CC_NNNNN or UKVNNNN (1)
38 A1 --- r_UVES [ab] Reference for UVES name (2)
41- 47 A7 --- GHR Star ID for GHR (Giraffe High-Resolution) sample,
MKVNNNN, [LHT2012] MKVNNNN (1)
49 A1 --- r_GHR [c] Reference for GHR name (2)
52- 63 A12 --- GMR03 Star ID for GMR03 sample, LG04a_NNNNNN (1)
65- 73 A9 --- GMR08 Star ID for GMR08 sample, CC_NNNNN (1)
75- 83 A9 --- VSI12 Star ID according Venn et al. 2012ApJ...751..102V 2012ApJ...751..102V,
Car-NNN, [VSI2012] in Simbad (1)
84- 89 A6 --- OName Other name (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): equivalent widths in table3.dat, Mean abund for all in table8.dat
Note (2): References as follow:
a = Star ID according to Shetrone et al., 2003AJ....125..684S 2003AJ....125..684S
b = Star ID according to Koch et al. 2008, Cat. J/AJ/135/1580,
[KGG2008] LG04a-NNNNNN
c = Star ID according to Lemasle et al. 2012, Cat. J/A+A/538/A100,
[LHT2012] MKVNNNN
Note (3): Other names as HRintN, HRoldN, LRintN, LRintN, LRrc
* For HRintN, HRoldN, EW in table4.dat
* For LRoldN, abundances in table5.dat
* For LRintN, LRrc, abundances in table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lambda Line wavelength λ (Å)
12- 15 A4 --- El Element name and ionization
16- 23 F8.3 eV EP Excitation Potential
24- 33 F10.3 [-] loggf Oscillator strength
34- 41 F8.1 0.1pm Car2 ? Car2 equivalent width
42- 48 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car2 ? Car2 equivalent width error
49- 56 F8.1 0.1pm Car3 ? Car3 equivalent width
57- 63 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car3 ? Car3 equivalent width error
64- 71 F8.1 0.1pm Car4 ? Car4 equivalent width
72- 78 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car4 ? Car4 equivalent width error
79- 86 F8.1 0.1pm Car10 ? Car10 equivalent width
87- 93 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car10 ? Car10 equivalent width error
94-101 F8.1 0.1pm Car12 ? Car12 equivalent width
102-108 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car12 ? Car12 equivalent width error
109-116 F8.1 0.1pm Car13 ? Car13 equivalent width
117-123 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car13 ? Car13 equivalent width error
124-131 F8.1 0.1pm Car14 ? Car14 equivalent width
132-138 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car14 ? Car14 equivalent width error
139-146 F8.1 0.1pm Car15 ? Car15 equivalent width
147-153 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car15 ? Car15 equivalent width error
154-161 F8.1 0.1pm Car16 ? Car16 equivalent width
162-168 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car16 ? Car16 equivalent width error
169-176 F8.1 0.1pm Car18 ? Car18 equivalent width
177-183 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car18 ? Car18 equivalent width error
184-191 F8.1 0.1pm Car19 ? Car19 equivalent width
192-198 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car19 ? Car19 equivalent width error
199-206 F8.1 0.1pm Car20 ? Car20 equivalent width
207-213 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car20 ? Car20 equivalent width error
214-221 F8.1 0.1pm Car21 ? Car21 equivalent width
222-228 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car21 ? Car21 equivalent width error
229-236 F8.1 0.1pm Car22 ? Car22 equivalent width
237-243 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car22 ? Car22 equivalent width error
244-251 F8.1 0.1pm Car23 ? Car23 equivalent width
252-258 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car23 ? Car23 equivalent width error
259-266 F8.1 0.1pm Car24 ? Car24 equivalent width
267-273 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car24 ? Car24 equivalent width error
274-281 F8.1 0.1pm Car25 ? Car25 equivalent width
282-288 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car25 ? Car25 equivalent width error
289-296 F8.1 0.1pm Car27 ? Car27 equivalent width
297-303 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car27 ? Car27 equivalent width error
304-311 F8.1 0.1pm Car28 ? Car28 equivalent width
312-318 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car28 ? Car28 equivalent width error
319-326 F8.1 0.1pm Car29 ? Car29 equivalent width
327-333 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car29 ? Car29 equivalent width error
334-341 F8.1 0.1pm Car30 ? Car30 equivalent width
342-348 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car30 ? Car30 equivalent width error
349-356 F8.1 0.1pm Car31 ? Car31 equivalent width
357-363 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car31 ? Car31 equivalent width error
364-371 F8.1 0.1pm Car32 ? Car32 equivalent width
372-378 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car32 ? Car32 equivalent width error
379-386 F8.1 0.1pm Car33 ? Car33 equivalent width
387-393 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car33 ? Car33 equivalent width error
394-401 F8.1 0.1pm Car34 ? Car34 equivalent width
402-408 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car34 ? Car34 equivalent width error
409-416 F8.1 0.1pm Car35 ? Car35 equivalent width
417-423 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car35 ? Car35 equivalent width error
424-431 F8.1 0.1pm Car36 ? Car36 equivalent width
432-438 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car36 ? Car36 equivalent width error
439-446 F8.1 0.1pm Car37 ? Car37 equivalent width
447-453 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car37 ? Car37 equivalent width error
454-461 F8.1 0.1pm Car38 ? Car38 equivalent width
462-468 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car38 ? Car38 equivalent width error
469-476 F8.1 0.1pm Car39 ? Car39 equivalent width
477-483 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car39 ? Car39 equivalent width error
484-491 F8.1 0.1pm Car40 ? Car40 equivalent width
492-498 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car40 ? Car40 equivalent width error
499-506 F8.1 0.1pm Car41 ? Car41 equivalent width
507-513 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car41 ? Car41 equivalent width error
514-521 F8.1 0.1pm Car42 ? Car42 equivalent width
522-528 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car42 ? Car42 equivalent width error
529-536 F8.1 0.1pm Car43 ? Car43 equivalent width
537-543 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car43 ? Car43 equivalent width error
544-551 F8.1 0.1pm Car44 ? Car44 equivalent width
552-558 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car44 ? Car44 equivalent width error
559-566 F8.1 0.1pm Car45 ? Car45 equivalent width
567-573 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car45 ? Car45 equivalent width error
574-581 F8.1 0.1pm Car46 ? Car46 equivalent width
582-588 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car46 ? Car46 equivalent width error
589-596 F8.1 0.1pm Car47 ? Car47 equivalent width
597-603 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car47 ? Car47 equivalent width error
604-611 F8.1 0.1pm Car48 ? Car48 equivalent width
612-618 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car48 ? Car48 equivalent width error
619-626 F8.1 0.1pm Car49 ? Car49 equivalent width
627-633 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car49 ? Car49 equivalent width error
634-641 F8.1 0.1pm Car50 ? Car50 equivalent width
642-648 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car50 ? Car50 equivalent width error
649-656 F8.1 0.1pm Car51 ? Car51 equivalent width
657-663 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car51 ? Car51 equivalent width error
664-671 F8.1 0.1pm Car52 ? Car52 equivalent width
672-678 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car52 ? Car52 equivalent width error
679-686 F8.1 0.1pm Car53 ? Car53 equivalent width
687-693 F7.1 0.1pm e_Car53 ? Car53 equivalent width error
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- --- [GIRAFFE-]
9- 12 A4 --- Inst GIRAFFE setup: HR10, HR13 or HR14 (1)
14- 21 F8.3 0.1nm lambda Line wavelength λ (Å)
25- 28 A4 --- El Element name and ionization
29- 36 F8.3 eV EP Excitation Potential
37- 46 F10.3 [-] loggf Oscillator strength
47- 54 F8.1 0.1pm HRold1 ? HRold1 equivalent width
55- 61 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRold1 ? HRold1 equivalent width error
62- 69 F8.1 0.1pm HRold2 ? HRold2 equivalent width
70- 76 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRold2 ? HRold2 equivalent width error
77- 84 F8.1 0.1pm HRold3 ? HRold3 equivalent width
85- 91 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRold3 ? HRold3 equivalent width error
92- 99 F8.1 0.1pm HRold4 ? HRold4 equivalent width
100-106 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRold4 ? HRold4 equivalent width error
107-114 F8.1 0.1pm HRint1 ? HRint1 equivalent width
115-121 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRint1 ? HRint1 equivalent width error
122-129 F8.1 0.1pm HRint2 ? HRint2 equivalent width
130-136 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRint2 ? HRint2 equivalent width error
137-144 F8.1 0.1pm HRint3 ? HRint3 equivalent width
145-151 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRint3 ? HRint3 equivalent width error
152-159 F8.1 0.1pm HRint4 ? HRint4 equivalent width
160-166 F7.1 0.1pm e_HRint4 ? HRint4 equivalent width error
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): characteristics:
HR10: 5339<λ(Å)<5619, R=19800
HR13: 6120<λ(Å)<6405, R=22500
HR14: 6308<λ(Å)<6704, R=17740
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lambda Line Wavelength λ (Å)
12- 15 A4 --- El Element name and ionization
16- 23 F8.3 eV EP Excitation Potential
24- 33 F10.3 [-] loggf Oscillator strength
34- 40 F7.2 [-] LRold1 LRold1 abundance log(ε)
41- 47 F7.2 [-] e_LRold1 LRold1 abundance's error
48- 54 F7.2 [-] LRold2 LRold2 abundance log(ε)
55- 61 F7.2 [-] e_LRold2 LRold2 abundance's error
62- 68 F7.2 [-] LRold3 LRold3 abundance log(ε)
69- 75 F7.2 [-] e_LRold3 LRold3 abundance's error
76- 82 F7.2 [-] LRold4 LRold4 abundance log(ε)
83- 89 F7.2 [-] e_LRold4 LRold4 abundance's error
90- 96 F7.2 [-] LRold5 LRold5 abundance log(ε)
97-103 F7.2 [-] e_LRold5 LRold5 abundance's error
104-110 F7.2 [-] LRold6 LRold6 abundance log(ε)
111-117 F7.2 [-] e_LRold6 LRold6 abundance's error
118-124 F7.2 [-] LRold7 ?=- LRold7 abundance log(ε)
125-131 F7.2 [-] e_LRold7 ?=- LRold7 abundance's error
132-138 F7.2 [-] LRold8 ?=- LRold8 abundance log(ε)
139-145 F7.2 [-] e_LRold8 ?=- LRold8 abundance's error
146-152 F7.2 [-] LRold9 ?=- LRold9 abundance log(ε)
153-159 F7.2 [-] e_LRold9 ?=- LRold9 abundance's error
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 F8.3 0.1nm lambda Line Wavelength λ (Å)
12- 15 A4 --- El Element name and ionization
16- 23 F8.3 eV EP Excitation Potential
24- 33 F10.3 [-] loggf Oscillator strength
34- 40 F7.2 [-] LRint1 LRint1 abundance log(ε)
41- 47 F7.2 [-] e_LRint1 LRint1 abundance's error
48- 54 F7.2 [-] LRint2 LRint2 abundance log(ε)
55- 61 F7.2 [-] e_LRint2 LRint2 abundance's error
62- 68 F7.2 [-] LRint3 LRint3 abundance log(ε)
69- 75 F7.2 [-] e_LRint3 LRint3 abundance's error
76- 82 F7.2 [-] LRint4 LRint4 abundance log(ε)
83- 89 F7.2 [-] e_LRint4 LRint4 abundance's error
90- 96 F7.2 [-] LRint5 LRint5 abundance log(ε)
97-103 F7.2 [-] e_LRint5 LRint5 abundance's error
104-110 F7.2 [-] LRint6 LRint6 abundance log(ε)
111-117 F7.2 [-] e_LRint6 LRint6 abundance's error
118-124 F7.2 [-] LRint7 LRint7 abundance log(ε)
125-131 F7.2 [-] e_LRint7 LRint7 abundance's error
132-138 F7.2 [-] LRint8 ?=- LRint8 abundance log(ε)
139-145 F7.2 [-] e_LRint8 ?=- LRint8 abundance's error
146-152 F7.2 [-] LRint9 ?=- LRint9 abundance log(ε)
153-159 F7.2 [-] e_LRint9 ?=- LRint9 abundance's error
160-166 F7.2 [-] LRrc LRrc abundance log(ε)
167-173 F7.2 [-] e_LRrc LRrc abundance's error
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 A3 --- Status [OLD INT] Old or Intermediate population
5- 10 A6 --- Name Star name
14- 18 F5.2 [Sun] [OI/Fe] ?=- Abundance [OI/Fe]
22- 25 F4.2 [Sun] e_[OI/Fe] ?=- rms uncertainty on [OI/Fe]
28- 29 I2 --- o_[OI/Fe] ?=- Number of line used for [OI/Fe]
33- 37 F5.2 [Sun] [NaI/Fe] ?=- Abundance [NaI/Fe]
41- 44 F4.2 [Sun] e_[NaI/Fe] ?=- rms uncertainty on [NaI/Fe]
47- 48 I2 --- o_[NaI/Fe] ?=- Number of line used for [NaI/Fe]
52- 56 F5.2 [Sun] [MgI/Fe] ?=- Abundance [MgI/Fe]
60- 63 F4.2 [Sun] e_[MgI/Fe] ?=- rms uncertainty on [MgI/Fe]
66- 67 I2 --- o_[MgI/Fe] ?=- Number of line used for [MgI/Fe]
70- 74 F5.2 [Sun] [SiI/Fe] ?=- Abundance [SiI/Fe]
78- 81 F4.2 [Sun] e_[SiI/Fe] ?=- rms uncertainty on [SiI/Fe]
84- 85 I2 --- o_[SiI/Fe] ?=- Number of line used for [SiI/Fe]
89- 93 F5.2 [Sun] [CaI/Fe] ?=- Abundance [CaI/Fe]
97-100 F4.2 [Sun] e_[CaI/Fe] ?=- rms uncertainty on [CaI/Fe]
104-105 I2 --- o_[CaI/Fe] ?=- Number of line used for [CaI/Fe]
109-113 F5.2 [Sun] [TiII/Fe] ?=- Abundance [TiII/Fe]
117-120 F4.2 [Sun] e_[TiII/Fe] ?=- rms uncertainty on [TiII/Fe]
123-124 I2 --- o_[TiII/Fe] ?=- Number of line used for [TiII/Fe]
128-132 F5.2 [Sun] [FeI/H] ?=- Abundance [FeI/H]
136-139 F4.2 [Sun] e_[FeI/H] ?=- rms uncertainty on [FeI/H]
143-144 I2 --- o_[FeI/H] ?=- Number of line used for [FeI/H]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Michele Fabrizio, fabrizio(at)oa-teramo.inaf.it
References:
Dall'Ora et al., Paper I 2003AJ....126..197D 2003AJ....126..197D, Cat. J/AJ/126/197
Monelli et al., Paper II 2003AJ....126..218M 2003AJ....126..218M
Fabrizio et al., Paper IV 2011PASP..123..384F 2011PASP..123..384F
Fabrizio et al., Paper V 2012PASP..124..519F 2012PASP..124..519F, Cat. J/PASP/124/519
Coppola et al., Paper VI 2013ApJ...775....6C 2013ApJ...775....6C
Monelli et al., Paper VII 2014ApJ...796...90M 2014ApJ...796...90M
Coppola et al., Paper IX 2015ApJ...814...71C 2015ApJ...814...71C, Cat. J/ApJ/814/71
Fabrizio et al., Paper X 2016ApJ...830..126F 2016ApJ...830..126F, Cat. J/ApJ/830/126
History:
* 29-May-2015: Original version, with 1017 records in table2
* 02-Nov-2015: Removed 122 duplicated lines in table2, now 895 lines.
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 29-May-2015