J/A+A/592/A126 Transition disk survey (van der Marel+, 2016)
The (w)hole survey: An unbiased sample study of transition disk candidates
based on Spitzer catalogs.
van der Marel N., Verhaar B.W., van Terwisga S., Merin B., Herczeg G.,
Ligterink N.F.W., van Dishoeck E.F.
<Astron. Astrophys. 592, A126 (2016)>
=2016A&A...592A.126V 2016A&A...592A.126V
ADC_Keywords: Millimetric/submm sources ; Stars, pre-main sequence ; YSOs ;
Infrared sources
Keywords: protoplanetary disks - planets and satellites: formation -
planet-disk interactions
Abstract:
Understanding disk evolution and dissipation is essential for studies
of planet formation. Transition disks, i.e., disks with large dust
cavities and gaps, are promising candidates of active evolution. About
two dozen candidates, selected by their Spectral Energy Distribution
(SED), have been confirmed to have dust cavities through millimeter
interferometric imaging, but this sample is biased toward the
brightest disks. The Spitzer surveys of nearby low-mass star-forming
regions have resulted in more than 4000 young stellar objects (YSOs).
Using color criteria, we selected a sample of ∼150 candidates and an
additional 40 candidates and known transition disks from the
literature. The Spitzer data were complemented by new observations at
longer wavelengths, including new JCMT and APEX submillimeter
photometry, and WISE and Herschel-PACS mid- and far-infrared
photometry. Furthermore, optical spectroscopy was obtained and stellar
types were derived for 85% of the sample, including information from
the literature. The SEDs were fit to a grid of RADMC-3D disk models
with a limited number of parameters: disk mass, inner disk mass, scale
height and flaring, and disk cavity radius, where the latter is the
main parameter of interest. About 72% of our targets possibly have
dust cavities based on the SED. The derived cavity sizes are
consistent with imaging/modeling results in the literature, where
available. Trends are found with the Ldisk over L* ratio and
stellar mass and a possible connection with exoplanet orbital radii. A
comparison with a previous study where color observables are used
(Cieza et al., 2010, Cat. J/ApJ/712/925) reveals large overlap between
their category of planet-forming disks and our transition disks with
cavities. A large number of the new transition disk candidates are
suitable for follow-up observations with ALMA.
Description:
New observed submillimeter fluxes (JCMT and APEX) of the targets in
the sample (Table 4 and 5) and derived disk properties. For each
target the coordinates, star forming region, distance (Table A1),
stellar properties (Table A2), Herschel-PACS photometry (Table D1),
submillimeter photometry (Table C1), multiplicity properties (Table 8)
and derived parameters of our disk radiative transfer analysis (Table
A3) are combined in one table.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
apex.dat 34 32 Derived APEX photometry (table 4)
jcmt.dat 19 40 Derived JCMT photometry (table 5)
table.dat 394 213 Target properties (tables 8, A1-A3, C1, D1)
refs.dat 68 131 References
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See also:
J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: apex.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- ID ID target
6- 9 F4.2 Jy F350 ? 350 micron flux APEX-SABOCA
12- 15 F4.2 Jy e_F350 ? Error 350 micron flux APEX-SABOCA
17 A1 --- l_F350 Upper limit flag 350 micron flux APEX-SABOCA
19- 23 F5.1 mJy F870 ? 870 micron flux APEX-LABOCA
25- 29 F5.1 mJy e_F870 ? Error 870 micron flux APEX-LABOCA
31 A1 --- l_F870 Upper limit flag 870 micron flux APEX-LABOCA
34 A1 --- cont [Y] Flag contamination cloud emission (1)
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Note (1): Y: the flux is contaminated by extended emission near the source
position.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: jcmt.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- ID ID target
5- 9 F5.1 mJy F850 850 micron flux JCMT-SCUBA2
11- 14 F4.1 mJy e_F850 Error 850 micron flux JCMT-SCUBA2
16 A1 --- l_F850 Upper limit flag 850 micron flux JCMT-SCUBA2
19 A1 --- cont [Y] Flag contamination cloud emission (1)
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Note (1): Y: the flux is contaminated by extended emission near the source
position.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- ID ID target
5- 24 A20 --- Name Name
26- 42 A17 --- AName Alternative name
44- 45 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
47- 48 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
50- 54 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
57 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
58- 59 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
61- 62 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
64- 67 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
69- 86 A18 --- Region Star forming region
88- 90 I3 pc d Distance
92- 97 A6 --- Color Color criterium used to select
99-105 A7 --- Origin Origin Spitzer data (1)
107-111 A5 --- PrevCl Previous literature classification (2)
113-117 A5 --- r_PrevCl Reference for previous classification,
in refs.dat file
119-126 A8 --- SpType MK spectral type
128-132 I5 K Teff ?=- Effective temperature
134-137 F4.1 mag Av ?=- Visual extinction
139-143 F5.1 Lsun L* ?=- Stellar luminosity
145-147 F3.1 Msun M* ?=- Stellar mass
149-153 F5.1 0.1nm EW(Ha) ?=- Equivalent width of Hα
155-157 I3 km/s FW10 ?=- Full width at 10% of peak of Hα
159 A1 --- Accret [YNU] Accretion
(Y=accretor, N=non-accretor, U=unknown)
161 A1 --- Accder [NWX] Derivation accretion (4)
163-167 A5 --- r_Stel Reference for stellar properties,
in refs.dat file
169-174 F6.2 mJy PACS70 ? Flux Herschel-PACS 70 micron
176-181 F6.2 mJy e_PACS70 ? Error flux Herschel-PACS 70 micron
183 A1 --- l_PACS70 Upper limit flag on PACS70
185-190 F6.2 mJy PACS100 ? Flux Herschel-PACS 100 micron
192-197 F6.2 mJy e_PACS100 ? Error flux Herschel-PACS 100 micron
199 A1 --- l_PACS100 Upper limit flag on PACS100
201-206 F6.2 mJy PACS160 ? Flux Herschel-PACS 160 micron
208-213 F6.2 mJy e_PACS160 ? Error flux Herschel-PACS 160 micron
215 A1 --- l_PACS160 Upper limit flag on PACS160
217 A1 --- confPACS [Y] Cloud confusion (6)
219-222 I4 mJy S350 ? Flux SABOCA 350 micron
224-227 I4 mJy e_S350 ? Error flux SABOCA 350 micron
229 A1 --- l_S350 Upper limit flag on S350
231-234 I4 mJy L870 ? Flux LABOCA 870 micron
236-239 I4 mJy e_L870 ? Error flux LABOCA 870 micron
241 A1 --- l_L870 Upper limit flag on L870
243-246 I4 mJy SC450 ? Flux SCUBA2 450 micron
248-251 I4 mJy e_SC450 ? Error flux SCUBA2 450 micron
253 A1 --- l_SC450 Upper limit flag on SC450
255-258 I4 mJy SC850 ? Flux SCUBA2 850 micron
260-263 I4 mJy e_SC850 ? Error flux SCUBA2 850 micron
265 A1 --- l_SC850 Upper limit flag SCUBA2 850 micron flux
267-270 I4 mJy SM880 ? Flux SMA 880 micron
272-275 I4 mJy e_SM880 ? Error flux SMA 880 micron
277-282 F6.1 mJy Fl1300 ? Flux 1300 micron
284-289 F6.1 mJy e_Fl1300 ? Error flux 1300 micron
291 A1 --- l_Fl1300 Upper limit flag on Fl1300
293-297 F5.1 mJy Fl3300 ? Flux 3300 micron
299-303 F5.1 mJy e_Fl3300 ? Error flux 3300 micron
305 A1 --- l_Fl3300 Upper limit flag on Fl3300
307-313 A7 --- r_Fl3300 Reference (sub)millimeter fluxes,
in refs.dat file
315 A1 --- l_Sep(as) Limit flag on Sep(as)
316-320 F5.3 arcsec Sep(as) ?=- Binary separation limit (arcsecond)
322 A1 --- l_Sep(AU) Limit flag on Sep
323-327 F5.1 AU Sep(AU) ? Binary separation limit (AU)
330-332 I3 --- r_mp ? References of multiplicity studies,
in refs.dat file
334-336 I3 AU rcav ? Cavity radius
338-341 I4 AU Brcav ? Upper range cavity radius
343-346 I4 AU brcav ? Lower range cavity radius
348-354 E7.1 g/cm2 Sigc ? Dust surface density at rc (Sigma_c)
356-360 F5.1 MJup Mdiskfit ? Total disk mass of best fit model
362-366 F5.1 MJup Mdiskmm ?=- Total disk mass using (sub)millimeter
flux
368 A1 --- l_Mdiskmm Upper limit flag of total disk mass using
(sub)millimeter flux
370-376 E7.1 --- ddust ? Dust depletion factor of inner disk
(delta dust)
378-381 F4.2 --- hc ? Scale height at rc (h_c)
383-385 A3 --- psi Flaring angle (psi)
387-391 F5.3 --- Ld/Ls ? Disk luminosity over stellar luminosity
ratio (Ldisk/L*)
393-394 A2 --- Class Classification disk (9)
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Note (1): Origin Spitzer data code as follows:
c2d = Evans et al. (2009, Cat. J/ApJS/181/321)
GB = Dunham et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/220/11)
Taurus = Rebull et al. (2010, Cat. J/ApJS/186/259),
Luhman et al. (2010, Cat. J/ApJS/186/111L)
HREL = IRSA HREL catalog
Other = for η Cham (IRAC), Megeath et al. (2005ApJ...634L.113M 2005ApJ...634L.113M)
for η Cham (MIPS), Sicilia-Aguilar et al. (2009ApJ...701.1188S 2009ApJ...701.1188S)
for Cham I , Luhman et al. (2008, Cat. J/ApJ/684/654)
for λ Orionis , Hernandez et al. (2010, J/ApJ/722/1226)
for Orion , Megeath et al. (2012, Cat. J/AJ/144/192)
for FEPS , Carpenter et al. (2008ApJS..179..423C 2008ApJS..179..423C)
Note (2): Previous literature classification as follows:
Im = confirmed by interferometric imaging
PF = Planet-forming disk
GG = Grain-growth dominated disk
PE = Photoevaportive disk
L = low-infrared excess or anemic disk
H = high-infrared excess
T = T Tauri-like infrared excess
PTD = pretransitional disk
V = seesaw variability
Note (4): Derivation accretion flag as follows:
W = the accretion was derived using the Halpha line width
X = The accretion properties were derived using a full X-shooter
spectrum rather than only fitting the H-alpha line
N = The accretion properties were derived using other lines (e.g., Br-gamma).
Note (6): Upper limit due to cloud confusion
Note (9): Classification disk flag as follows:
NH = disk without holes
ML = massive disk with large cavity (rcav>10AU, Mdisk>5MJup)
MS = massive disk with small cavity (rcav<10AU, Mdisk>5MJup)
LL = low-mass disk with large cavity (rcav>10AU, Mdisk<5MJup)
LS = low-mass disk with small cavity (rcav<10AU, Mdisk<5MJup)
DD = low-mass disk with large cavity and low scale height
(rcav>100AU, Mdisk<5MJup, hc∼0.01)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference number
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
25- 46 A22 --- Aut Author's name
51- 68 A18 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
Nienke van der Marel, nienkevandermarel(at)gmail.com
History:
* 18-Aug-2016: on-line version
* 04-May-2018: position of source No 317 in table.dat corrected
(End) Nienke van der Marel [Honolulu, USA], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 11-May-2016