J/A+A/594/A63 International Deep Planet Survey results (Galicher+, 2016)
The International Deep Planet Survey.
II: The frequency of directly imaged giant exoplanets with stellar mass.
Galicher R., Marois C., Macintosh B., Zuckerman B., Barman T., Konopacky Q.,
Song I., Patience J., Lafreniere D., Doyon R., Nielsen E.L.
<Astron. Astrophys. 594, A63 (2016)>
=2016A&A...594A..63G 2016A&A...594A..63G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Fundamental catalog ; Stars, ages
Keywords: planets and satellites: gaseous planets -
planets and satellites: fundamental parameters -
methods: observational - methods: data analysis -
methods: statistical - instrumentation: high angular resolution
Abstract:
Radial velocity and transit methods are effective for the study of
short orbital period exoplanets but they hardly probe objects at large
separations for which direct imaging can be used. We carried out the
international deep planet survey of 292 young nearby stars to search
for giant exoplanets and determine their frequency. We developed a
pipeline for a uniform processing of all the data that we have
recorded with NIRC2/KeckII, NIRI/Gemini North, NICI/Gemini South,
NACO/VLT for 14 years. The pipeline first applies cosmetic corrections
and then reduces the speckle intensity to enhance the contrast in the
images. The main result of the international deep planet survey is the
discovery of the HR 8799 exoplanets. We also detected 59 visual
multiple systems including 16 new binary stars and 2 new triple
stellar systems, as well as 2279 point-like sources. We used
Monte-Carlo simulations and the Bayesian' theorem to determine that
1.05% (+2.80% and -0.70%) of stars harbor at least one giant planet
between 0.5 and 14M{Jup}, and between 20 and 300AU. This result is
obtained assuming uniform distributions of planet masses and
semi-major axes. If we consider power law distributions as measured
for close-in planets instead, the derived frequency is 2.30% (+5.95%
and -1.55%), reminding the strong impact of assumptions on Monte-Carlo
output distributions. We also find no evidence that the derived
frequency depends on the mass of the hosting star whereas it does for
close-in planets. The international deep planet survey provides a
database of confirmed background sources that may be useful for other
exoplanet direct imaging surveys. It also puts new constraints on the
number of stars with at least one giant planet reducing by a factor of
two the frequencies derived by almost all previous works.
Description:
Ages, spectral types and distances of 286 nearby stars.
Contrast detection limits of the imaging survey.
Multiple stellar systems.
Detected exoplanets, sub-stellar candidates and background objects.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
starlist.dat 126 286 Stellar parameters (table 11)
deteclim.dat 129 526 5σ contrast detection limits
(for 216 stars) (table 13)
bintab.dat 119 138 Multiple stellar systems (for 67 stars)
(table 14)
candtab.dat 147 2256 Confirmed/TBC exoplanets/Backgd objects
(for 125 stars) (table 15)
refs.dat 80 68 References
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See also:
J/A+A/544/A9 : The International Deep Planet Survey. I. (Vigan+, 2012)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: starlist.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 27 A27 --- Star Star name
29- 30 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
35- 39 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
41 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
42- 43 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
45- 46 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
48- 52 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
54- 65 A12 --- SpType Spectral type
67- 71 I5 pc Dist Distance
73- 77 I5 Myr Agemed ? Median age
79- 83 I5 Myr Agemin ? Minimum age
85- 89 I5 Myr Agemax ? Maximum age
91-103 A13 --- Method Age Method or Association (1)
105-122 A18 --- Ref Reference, in refs.dat file
124-126 A3 --- IRexcess Known IR excess (Y) or
known IR no-excess (N) (2)
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Note (1): Age methods or association codes as follows:
Li = Lithium method for Age
X = X-ray method for Age
UV = UV emission method for Age
UVW = velocity method for Age
Ha = H-alpha method for Age
CMD = color-magnitude diagram method for Age
Argus = Argus association
ABDor = AB Doradus association
BPMG = beta-Pictoris association
Castor = Castor association
Col = Columba association
Octan = Octan association
Orion = Orion association
Pleiades = Pleiades association
Taurus = Taurus association
ScoCen = Scorpius-Centaurus association
TucHor = Tucana-Horlogium association
TWA = TW Hydrae association
Urs = Ursa Major association
Note (2): IR excess code as follows:
N/b = known IR no-excess, detected IR excess (Zuckerman et al.,
2011ApJ...732...61Z 2011ApJ...732...61Z)
Y/a = known IR excess, detected dust disk (Rhee et al., 2007,
Cat. J/ApJ/660/1556)
Y/b = known IR excess, detected IR excess (Zuckerman et al.,
2011ApJ...732...61Z 2011ApJ...732...61Z)
Y/c = known IR excess, detected disk (Chen et al., 2014, Cat. J/ApJS/211/25)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: deteclim.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 27 A27 --- Star Star name
29- 38 A10 "date" Date Date of the observation
40- 44 A5 --- Filter Spectral filter
46- 49 F4.1 mag 0.3as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 0.3"
51- 54 F4.1 mag 0.5as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 0.5"
56- 59 F4.1 mag 1.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 1.0"
61- 64 F4.1 mag 1.5as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 1.5"
66- 69 F4.1 mag 2.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 2.0"
71- 74 F4.1 mag 3.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 3.0"
76- 79 F4.1 mag 4.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 4.0"
81- 84 F4.1 mag 5.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 5.0"
86- 89 F4.1 mag 6.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 6.0"
91- 94 F4.1 mag 7.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 7.0"
96- 99 F4.1 mag 8.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 8.0"
101-104 F4.1 mag 9.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 9.0"
106-109 F4.1 mag 10.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 10.0"
111-114 F4.1 mag 11.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 11.0"
116-119 F4.1 mag 12.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 12.0"
121-124 F4.1 mag 13.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 13.0"
126-129 F4.1 mag 14.0as ? 5sigma contrast detection limit at 14.0"
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: bintab.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 27 A27 --- Star Star name
29- 30 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
35- 39 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
41 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
42- 43 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
45- 46 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
48- 52 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
54- 58 F5.2 arcsec Sep Separation to the central star
60- 64 F5.2 arcsec e_Sep 1 sigma error on Separation
66- 72 F7.3 deg PA Position angle to North
74- 77 F4.2 mag Cont ? Contrast to the star in magnitude
79- 86 A8 --- Filter Spectral Filter (1)
88- 97 A10 --- Date Date of the observations
99-100 A2 --- Tel Telescope name (2)
102-105 A4 --- Status Status of the detection (3)
107-119 A13 --- Ref Comments/Reference (4)
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Note (1): Spectral Filter list:
H, J, K, Kp, Ks, LP, CH4, CH4l, CH4s, FeII, Kcont, CH4-H4l, CH4-H4s, H2v=1-0,
Br_gamma and Kp+clear
Note (2): Telescope names are as follows:
GN = Gemini North
GS = Gemini South
KE = KeckII
HS = Hubble Space Telescope
Note (3): Status flag as follows:
A = associated to the star
B = background object
? = unknown status
a = companion confirmed from the IDPS
b = companion confirmed from previous works
c = companion confirmed combining IDPS and previous works
d = eggleton10 indicate a possible binary system
Note (4): References are given in refs.dat
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: candtab.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 27 A27 --- Star Star name
29- 30 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
35- 39 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
41 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
42- 43 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
45- 46 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
48- 52 F5.2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
54- 60 F7.3 arcsec Sep Separation to the star
62- 68 F7.3 deg PA Position angle to North
70- 72 I3 mas e_Sep 1 sigma error on Separation
74- 78 F5.2 mag Cont ? Contrast to the star in magnitude
80- 83 F4.2 mag e_Cont ? 1 sigma error on the contrast in magnitude
85- 92 A8 --- Filter Spectral filter (1)
94- 98 F5.2 mag MAG ? Absolute magnitude in Filter
100-103 F4.2 mag e_MAG ? 1 sigma error on the absolute magnitude
105-107 I3 MJup MinMass ? Minimum planet mass from COND03 model
109-111 I3 MJup MaxMass ? Maximum planet mass from COND03 model
113-118 F6.1 AU SepAU ? Separation to the star in AU
120-125 F6.1 AU e_SepAU ? 1 sigma erro on separation to the star in AU
127-136 A10 "date" Date Date of the observations
138-139 A2 --- Tel Telescope name (2)
141-143 A3 --- Id Identification number of the detection
145-147 A3 --- Status Status of the detection (3)
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Note (1): Spectral Filter list:
H, J, K, Kp, Ks, Lp, Ms, CH4L, CH4s, FeII, Kcont, H2v=1-0, CH4-H4%l and
CH4-H4%s
Note (2): Telescope names are as follows:
GN = Gemini North
GS = Gemini South
KE = KeckII
HS = Hubble Space Telescope
Note (3): Status code as follows:
A = associated to the star
B = background object
F = False detection
? = unknown status
B? = errors bars are larger than parallax and proper motion but that given
the displacement of all the candidates between the two epochs,
we are confident the object is background
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Ref Reference code
14- 32 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
34- 54 A21 --- Aut Author's name
56- 80 A25 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
Raphael Galicher, raphael.galicher(at)obspm.f
References:
Vigan et al., Paper I 2012A&A...544A...9V 2012A&A...544A...9V, Cat. J/A+A/544/A9
(End) R. Galicher [Univ. Paris Diderot, France], P. Vannier [CDS] 20-Jul-2016