J/A+A/597/A47 CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs II (Cortes-Contreras+ 2017)
CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs.
II. High-resolution imaging with FastCam.
Cortes-Contreras M., Bejar V.J.S., Caballero J.A., Gauza B., Montes D.,
Alonso-Floriano F.J., Jeffers S.V., Morales J.C., Reiners A., Ribas I.,
Schoefer P., Quirrenbach A., Amado P.J., Mundt R., Seifert W.
<Astron. Astrophys. 597, A47 (2017)>
=2017A&A...597A..47C 2017A&A...597A..47C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, standard ; Stars, dwarfs ; Stars, M-type ;
Stars, late-type ; Stars, double and multiple
Keywords: binaries: close - stars: late-type - stars: low mass
Abstract:
We search for low-mass companions of M dwarfs and characterize their
multiplicity fraction with the purpose of helping in the selection of
the most appropriate targets for the CARMENES exoplanet survey.
We obtained high-resolution images in the I band with the lucky
imaging instrument FastCam at the 1.5m Telescopio Carlos Sanchez for
490 mid- to late-M dwarfs. For all the detected binaries, we measured
angular separations, position angles, and magnitude differences in the
I band. We also calculated the masses of each individual component and
estimated orbital periods, using the available magnitude and colour
relations for M dwarfs and our own MJ-spectral type and mass-MI
relations. To avoid biases in our sample selection, we built a
volume-limited sample of M0.0-M5.0 dwarfs that is complete up to 86%
within 14pc.
Description:
From the 490 observed stars, we detected 80 companions in 76 systems,
of which 30 are new discoveries. Another six companion candidates
require additional astrometry to confirm physical binding.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 267 490 Log of observed stars: list of 490 observed
M-dwarf targets
tablea2.dat 94 68 ADS standard stars
tablea3.dat 33 69 List of observed stars with confirmed visual
(unbound) companions
tablea4.dat 99 192 Astrometric properties of the physically and
likely bound binaries in the sample
tablea5.dat 95 97 Derived parameters for confirmed physical pairs
tablea6.dat 99 81 Known binaries at angular separations larger
than 5 arcsec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs I (Alonso-Floriano+ 2015)
J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. IV. (Diez Alonso+ 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq Identification number
5- 15 A11 --- Karmn Our Carmencita identifier, JHHMMm+DDdA (1)
18- 38 A21 --- Name Common name
40- 41 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000) (2)
43- 44 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000) (2)
46- 50 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000) (2)
52 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000) (2)
53- 54 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000) (2)
56- 57 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000) (2)
59- 62 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000) (2)
64- 69 F6.3 mag Jmag 2MASS J-band magnitude (2)
71- 76 A6 --- SpType MK spectral type
79- 83 A5 --- r_SpType Reference of the spectral type (3)
85- 90 F6.3 pc Dist ?=- Distance
92-100 A9 --- r_Dist Reference of the distance (4)
102-112 A11 --- Obs.date1 FastCam observation date
114-120 A7 --- ExpTime1 Exposure time for Obs.date1 (in s)
121 A1 --- --- [,]
123-133 A11 --- Obs.date2 FastCam observation date
135-141 A7 --- ExpTime2 Exposure time for Obs.date2 (in s)
142 A1 --- --- [,]
144-154 A11 --- Obs.date3 FastCam observation date
156-162 A7 --- ExpTime3 Exposure time for Obs.date3 (in s)
163 A1 --- --- [,]
165-175 A11 --- Obs.date4 FastCam observation date
177-183 A7 --- ExpTime4 Exposure time for Obs.date4 (in s)
184 A1 --- --- [,]
186-196 A11 --- Obs.date5 FastCam observation date
198-204 A7 --- ExpTime5 Exposure time for Obs.date5 (in s)
205 A1 --- --- [,]
207-217 A11 --- Obs.date6 FastCam observation date
219-225 A7 --- ExpTime6 Exposure time for Obs.date6 (in s)
226 A1 --- --- [,]
228-238 A11 --- Obs.date7 FastCam observation date
240-246 A7 --- ExpTime7 Exposure time for Obs.date7 (in s)
247 A1 --- --- [,]
249-259 A11 --- Obs.date8 FastCam observation date
261-267 A7 --- ExpTime8 Exposure time for Obs.date8 (in s)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Carmencita identifier (Quirrenbach et al. 2015, 18th Cambridge
Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, 18, 897;
Alonso-Floriano et al., Cat. J/A+A/577/A128).
Note (2): from 2MASX (Skrutskie et al., 2006, Cat. VII/233)
Note (3): References for spectral type as follows:
AF15 : Alonso-Floriano et al., 2015, Cat. J/A+A/577/A128
Cru03: Cruz et al., 2003, Cat. J/AJ/126/2421
Dea12: Deacon et al., 2012ApJ...757..100D 2012ApJ...757..100D
Gig10: Gigoyan et al., 2010, Cat. J/other/Ap/53.123
Gra03: Gray et al., 2003, Cat. J/AJ/126/2048
Gra06: Gray et al., 2006, Cat. J/AJ/132/161
Klutsch et al. priv. comm.
Koe10: Koen et al., 2010, Cat. J/MNRAS/403/1949
Lep13: Lepine et al., 2013, Cat. J/AJ/145/102
Mon01: Montes et al., 2001, Cat. J/MNRAS/328/45
New14: Newton et al., 2014, Cat. J/AJ/147/20
PMSU : (Palomar/Michigan State University survey catalogue of nearby stars)
Reid et al., 1995AJ....110.1838R 1995AJ....110.1838R and Hawley et al., 1996AJ....112.2799H 1996AJ....112.2799H,
Cat. III/198, Gizis et al. 2002, Cat. J/AJ/123/3356
Ria06: Riaz et al., 2006, Cat. J/AJ/132/866
Sch05: Scholz et al., 2005, Cat. J/A+A/442/211
Sim15: Simon-Diaz et al., 2015ApJ...799..169S 2015ApJ...799..169S
ZS04 : Zuckerman & Song, 2004, Cat, J/other/ARA+A/42.685
Note (4): References for Distance as follows:
Ben00: Benedict et al., 2000AJ....120.1106B 2000AJ....120.1106B
Cru03: Cruz et al., 2003, Cat. J/AJ/126/2421
Daw05: Dawson et al., 2005, Cat. J/PASP/117/1
Dit14: Dittmann et al., 2014ApJ...784..156D 2014ApJ...784..156D
GC09 : Gatewood & Coban, 2009AJ....137..402G 2009AJ....137..402G
HD80 : Harrington & Dahn, 1980AJ.....85..454H 1980AJ.....85..454H
Hen06: Henry et al., 2006AJ....132.2360H 2006AJ....132.2360H
HT98 : Hershey & Taff, 1998AJ....116.1440H 1998AJ....116.1440H
HIP2 : van Leeuwen 2007, Cat. I/311
Ire08: Ireland et al., 2008ApJ...678..463I 2008ApJ...678..463I
Jen52: Jenkins, 1952, General catalogue of trigonometric stellar parallaxes,
Yale University Observatory, USA
Jen63: Jenkins, 1963, General catalogue of trigonometric stellar parallaxes,
Yale University Observatory, USA
Jen09: Jenkins et al., 2009, Cat. J/ApJ/704/975
Lep13: Lepine et al., 2013, Cat. J/AJ/145/102
New14: Newton et al., 2014, Cat. J/AJ/147/20
PMSU : (Palomar/Michigan State University survey catalogue of nearby stars)
Reid et al., 1995AJ....110.1838R 1995AJ....110.1838R and Hawley et al., 1996AJ....112.2799H 1996AJ....112.2799H,
Cat. III/198, Gizis et al. 2002, Cat. J/AJ/123/3356
Rei02 : Reid et al., 2002, Cat. J/AJ/123/2806
Ried10: Reidel et al., 2010AJ....140..897R 2010AJ....140..897R
Ria06 : Riaz et al., 2006, Cat. J/AJ/132/866
Ried14: Riedel et al., 2014, Cat. J/AJ/147/85
Sub09 : Subasavage et al., 2009AJ....137.4547S 2009AJ....137.4547S
vAl95 : van Altena et al., 1995, General catalogue of trigonometric
stellar parallaxes, Yale University Observatory, USA, Cat. I/238
Wein16: Weinberger et al., 2016AJ....152...24W 2016AJ....152...24W
An "a" or "b" preceding the reference indicates that no measure for this
component was found but we used instead the measure of the A or B companion,
respectively.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- ADS ADS number (Aitken, 1932ADS...C......0A 1932ADS...C......0A)
7- 12 A6 --- Comp Component
13 A1 --- n_ADS [b] Note on ADS 4241 (A-B) (1)
15- 21 F7.4 arcsec rhoL Previously published value of the angular
separation
23- 28 F6.4 arcsec e_rhoL ? rms uncertainty on rhoL
30- 35 F6.2 deg thetaL Previously published value of the
position angle
37- 40 F4.2 deg e_thetaL ? rms uncertainty on thetaL
44- 52 A9 yr EpL Epoch of observation of the published angular
separation and position angle values
(JYYYY.yyy)
54- 59 A6 --- r_rhoL Reference of the published values (2)
61- 66 F6.3 arcsec rho Measured angular separation with FastCam
68- 72 F5.3 arcsec e_rho rms uncertainty on rho
74- 79 F6.2 deg theta Measured position angle with FastCam
81- 84 F4.2 deg e_theta rms uncertainty on theta
86- 94 A9 yr Ep Epoch of observation with FastCam (JYYYY.yyy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): DeltaI=0.35mag for A-B and DeltaI=5.39mag for AB-C (this work).
Note (2): References as follows:
Ben14 = Benavides, 2014, El Observador de Estrellas Dobles, 12, 21
Des11 = Desidera et al., 2011, Cat. J/A+A/533/A90
Har11 = Hartkopf et al., 2011, Cat. J/AJ/142/56
Mas12 = Mason et al., 2012, Cat. J/AJ/143/124
Mas13 = Mason et al., 2013, Cat. J/AJ/146/56
Sca11 = Scardia et al., 2011AN....332..508S 2011AN....332..508S
Sca13 = Scardia et al., 2013MNRAS.434.2803S 2013MNRAS.434.2803S
Schl13 = Schlimmer, 2013, Journal of Double Star Observations, 9, 230
Sim15 = Simon-Diaz et al., 2015ApJ...799..169S 2015ApJ...799..169S
Thor11 = Thorel et al., 2011, Observations & Travaux 78, 20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Karmn Carmencita identifier (JHHMMm+DDdA)
13 I1 --- CompNo Companion identification number
15- 19 F5.2 arcsec rho measured angular separation with FastCam
21- 23 I3 deg theta measured position angle with FastCam
25- 33 A9 yr Ep epoch of observation with FastCam (JYYYY.yyy)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 A1 --- Type [PL] Physically or Likely bound systems
3- 13 A11 --- Karmn Carmencita identifier with component
14- 18 A5 --- m_Karmn Multiplicity index on Karmn
21 A1 --- n_Karmn Note (1)
23- 33 A11 --- WDS Washington Double Star catalogue name or New
35- 41 A7 --- Disc Discoverer code (Mason et al.,
2001AJ....122.3466M 2001AJ....122.3466M, Cat. B/wds)
43- 46 A4 --- Ref Reference when no WDS name (2)
50 A1 --- l_rho [~] Limit flag on rho
51- 56 F6.3 arcsec rho ?=- Measured angular separation with FastCam
58- 62 F5.3 arcsec e_rho ? rms uncertainty on rho
64 A1 --- l_theta [~] Limit flag on theta
65- 71 F7.3 deg theta ?=- Measured position angle with FastCam
73- 77 F5.2 deg e_theta ? rms uncertainty on theta
79- 82 F4.2 mag DeltaI ?=- Measured magnitude difference in the I-band
with FastCam
84- 87 F4.2 mag e_DeltaI ? rms uncertainty on DeltaI
89- 97 A9 yr Ep Epoch of observation with FastCam (JYYYY.yyy)
99 A1 --- GSC1.2 [FT-] Multiplicity flag from version 1.2 of
the Guide Star Catalog (Morrison et al.,
2001AJ....121.1752M 2001AJ....121.1752M, Cat. I/254) (3)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Individual notes as follows:
b = rho and theta measures in the second epoch correspond to observations with
the CARMENES acquisition and guiding camera, which were carried out only
for confirming physical association.
c = Similar periods between Behall & Harrington (1976PASP...88..204B 1976PASP...88..204B) and this
work suggest that we are resolving the same pair.
d = The B component is a double lined spectroscopic binary with a period
shorter than 215.0d (Shkolnik et al., 2010ApJ...716.1522S 2010ApJ...716.1522S) and is not
the third component resolved here.
e = We considered that this resolved binary is the spectroscopic binary
identified by Bonfils et al. (2013, Cat. J/A+A/549/A109), according to
the radial-velocity amplitude and period estimation of the pair.
Nevertheless, we can not affirm whether the system is double or triple.
f = Close visual binary in Bowler et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/216/7) in one
epoch. Our multi-epoch images confirm physical binding.
g = It is also a spectroscopic binary.
h = Faint pair for which we could not measure rho and theta with precision.
The companion, also detected by Tokovinin et al. (2015,
Cat. J/AJ/150/50), seems to be physically related and consistent over
time with the companion identified by Montagnier et al.
(2006A&A...460L..19M 2006A&A...460L..19M) at 0.068 arcsec.
i = Also observed and identified as single in Law et al.
(2008MNRAS.384..150L 2008MNRAS.384..150L), probably due to the crossing of the companion
behind the primary at the observing epoch, in agreement with the
13 a period estimated in this work.
Note (2): References as follows:
WD15 = Ward-Duong et al. (2015, Cat. J/MNRAS/449/2618)
A15 = Ansdell et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJ/798/41)
Note (3): Guide Star Catalog multiplicity flag as follows:
F = false
T = true
- = no data
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Karmn Carmencita identifier
14 A1 --- n_Karmn [Y] Y for stars associated to young stellar
populations (see Table 3 in the article)
16- 21 A6 --- Comp Stellar component (A for the primary, B for the
secondary and so on)
24- 27 F4.2 mag DeltaI ?=- Difference in the I-band between components
29- 32 F4.2 mag e_DeltaI ? rms uncertainty on DeltaI
34- 38 F5.2 mag Imag1 ?=- Individual I magnitude of the primary
40- 45 F6.3 mag Imag2 ?=- Individual I magnitude of the secondary
47- 52 A6 --- SpType Spectral type of the system
54- 60 A7 --- SpType1 Individual spectral type of the primary
62- 65 A4 --- SpType2 Individual spectral type of the secondary
67- 70 F4.2 Msun M1 ?=- Individual mass of the primary
72- 75 F4.2 Msun e_M1 ? rms uncertainty on M1
77 A1 --- l_M2 Limit flag on M2
78- 81 F4.2 Msun M2 ?=- Individual mass of the secondary
83- 86 F4.2 Msun e_M2 ? rms uncertainty on M2
88- 94 F7.1 a Porb ?=- Estimated orbital period (1)
95 A1 --- n_Porb [c] Note on Porb (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The periods given are a lower limit, as we equal our maximum
separation measured to the semimajor axis.
Note (2): c: The B component of the system is too faint to estimate its mass
with our MI-mass relation and the period was calculated using the stellar mass
limit (0.07M☉). Hence, the period of this system should be considered as
a lower approximation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 --- WDS Washington Double Star catalogue discoverer
code (Mason et al.,
2001AJ....122.3466M 2001AJ....122.3466M, Cat. B/wds)
12- 30 A19 --- Name1 Carmencita name or common name of the primary
32- 47 A16 --- SpType1 spectral type of the primary
48- 70 A23 --- Name2 Carmencita name or common name of the secondary
72- 89 A18 --- SpType2 spectral type of the secondary
91- 97 F7.2 arcsec Sep published angular separation
99 A1 --- Notes Notes (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Notes as follows:
a = C is background (GRB34)
b = AB is separated by 2.5 arcsec (WOR4)
c = "B-G" are background (LMP3)
d = Simbad indicates that J03574-011 is a spectroscopic binary but we did
not find any reference
e = Triple system
f = Primary is SB2 (Llamas, 2014, MSc thesis, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid, Spain)
g = Primary is an astrometric binary separated by 0.07 arcseconds
(Strand, 1977AJ.....82....9S 1977AJ.....82....9S)
h = The primary is a SB2 (Schoefer, 2015, MSc thesis, Institut fur Astrophysik
Goettingen, Germany)
i = It was also observed with the CAMELOT low resolution imager at the
Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife) in September 2015 with the BVIgri
filters in order to obtain more photometric information but we could
not avoid the saturation of the primary
j = BC is separated by 0.8 arcsec
k = Primary is a SB (Simbad)
l = Background source at 9.62 arcsec (TNN6)
m = WDS VBS41 at 4 arcsec and 208 deg was not detected in this work nor in
Davison et al. (2015AJ....149..106D 2015AJ....149..106D). It could be an unrelated companion.
The WDS "AC" designation refers to the pair in the table
n = Hierarchical quadruple
o = Primary is a SB1 (Schofer 2015, MSc thesis, Institut fur Astrophysik
Goettingen, Germany). Two other WDS entries under
the same discoverer code (STF1321) are not physically bound components
p = SB2 (Bonfils et al., 2013, Cat. J/A+A/549/A109). Hawley et al.
(1996AJ....112.2799H 1996AJ....112.2799H, Cat. III/198) listed in Table 1.(b) a companion at
5.0-arcsec 1.2mag fainter in V.
2MASS resolved a source 6.5 mag fainter in the J-band at 5.9-arcsec and
179deg (quality flag: AUU). Neither Law et al. (2008MNRAS.384..150L 2008MNRAS.384..150L)
nor Dieterich et al. (2012, Cat. J/AJ/144/64 - with NICMOS
onboard Hubble detected it. We believe that Hawley et al.
(1996AJ....112.2799H 1996AJ....112.2799H, Cat. III/198) made reference to the background
star 2MASS J12141817+0037297
q = Other WDS entries under BU 1442 and STG 6 are unrelated sources
r = Quintuple system
s = Simbad mixes up the true primary GJ 3999 ("L 845-016"), the true secondary
2MASS J17174454-1148261, and the background star GJ 4000 B
("L 845-015", see Table A.3).
We preserve the current (wrong) nomenclature
t = C is background (HEL3)
u = Other WDS entries under RAO 23 are unrelated sources
v = Secondary is SB1 (Schoefer, 2015, MSc thesis, Institut fur Astrophysik
Goettingen, Germany)
w = AB is separated by 0.05 arcsec (BWL56)
x = Bab is separated by 0.26 arcsec (BWL59). AC is background (BWL59)
y = A and B are SB1 (Delfosse et al., 1999A&A...344..897D 1999A&A...344..897D).
Other WDS entries under LMP 24 are unrelated sources
z = Secondary is SB2 (Schoefer, 2015, MSc thesis, Institut fur Astrophysik
Goettingen, Germany)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Miriam Cortes-Contreras, micortes(at)ucm.es
References:
Alonso-Floriano et al., Paper I, 2015A&A...577A.128A 2015A&A...577A.128A, Cat. J/A+A/577/A128
Jeffers et al., Paper III 2018A&A...614A..76J 2018A&A...614A..76J
Diez Alonso et al., Paper IV 2019A&A...621A.126D 2019A&A...621A.126D, Cat. J/A+A/621/A126
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 04-Sep-2016