J/A+A/607/A22 Monoceros R2 filament hub FIR observations (Rayner+, 2017)
Far-infrared observations of a massive cluster forming in the Monoceros R2
filament hub.
Rayner T., Griffin M., Schneider N., Motte F., Koenyves V., Andre P.,
Di Francesco J., Didelon P., Pattle K., Ward-Thompson D., Anderson L.D.,
Benedettini M., Bernard J.-P., Bontemps S., Elia D., Fuente A.,
Hennemann M., Hill T., Kirk J., Marsh K., Men'shchikov A., Nguyen Luong Q.,
Peretto N., Pezzuto S., Rivera-Ingraham A., Roy A., Rygl K.,
Sanchez-Monge A., Spinoglio L., Tige J., Trevino-Morales S.P., White G.J.
<Astron. Astrophys. 607, A22 (2017)>
=2017A&A...607A..22R 2017A&A...607A..22R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Infrared sources ; Interstellar medium ; Protostars
Keywords: ISM: individual objects: Mon R2 - H II regions - stars: protostars -
stars: formation - ISM: structure - dust, extinction
Abstract:
We present far-infrared observations of Monoceros R2 (a giant
molecular cloud at approximately 830pc distance, containing several
sites of active star formation), as observed at 70um, 160um, 250um,
350um, and 500um by the PACS and SPIRE instruments on the Herschel
Space Observatory as part of the HOBYS Key programme. The Herschel
data are complemented by SCUBA-2 data in the submillimetre range, and
WISE and Spitzer data in the mid-infrared. In addition, C18O data
from the IRAM 30-m Telescope are presented, and used for kinematic
information. Sources were extracted from the maps with getsources, and
from the fluxes measured, spectral energy distributions were
constructed, allowing measurements of source mass and dust
temperature. Of 177 Herschel sources robustly detected in the region
(a detection with high signal-to-noise and low axis ratio at multiple
wavelengths), including protostars and starless cores, 29 are found in
a filamentary hub at the centre of the region (a little over 1% of the
observed area). These objects are on average smaller, more massive,
and more luminous than those in the surrounding regions (which
together suggest that they are at a later stage of evolution), a
result that cannot be explained entirely by selection effects. These
results suggest a picture in which the hub may have begun star
formation at a point significantly earlier than the outer regions,
possibly forming as a result of feedback from earlier star formation.
Furthermore, the hub may be sustaining its star formation by accreting
material from the surrounding filaments.
Description:
Fluxes and information for the 177 sources found in Mon R2. Fluxes
were taken from Herschel, Spitzer, SCUBA-2, and WISE observations, and
were extracted by getsources (aside from the WISE fluxes, which were
taken from the preexisting WISE catalogue). Information includes
temperature, mass, luminosity, mean H2 density, and potential
identity.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
monr2cat.dat 690 177 Fluxes and information for the 177 sources
snapshots/* . 178 Source snapshot files (eps)
c18o/* . 93724 C18O spectra in fits
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: monr2cat.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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2- 4 I3 --- Seq [1/177] Source number ordered by mass
7- 11 A5 --- --- [HOBYS]
13- 28 A16 --- HOBYS HOBYS name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)
31- 37 F7.4 deg RAdeg J2000 Right Ascension
40- 47 F8.5 deg DEdeg J2000 Declination
49- 59 F11.7 Jy/beam Fpeak70 ? Peak intensity at 70 microns
61- 70 F10.7 Jy/beam e_Fpeak70 ? Peak intensity uncertainty
71- 82 F12.7 Jy Ftot70 ? Total flux density at 70 microns
85- 93 F9.6 Jy e_Ftot70 ? Total flux density uncertainty
95- 99 F5.1 arcsec FWHMA70 Major FWHM at 70 microns
101-104 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB70 Minor FWHM at 70 microns
106-110 F5.1 deg Theta70 Axis orientation at 70 microns
113-121 F9.5 Jy/beam Fpeak160 ? Peak intensity at 160 microns
123-130 F8.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak160 ? Peak intensity uncertainty
132-140 F9.4 Jy Ftot160 ? Total flux density at 160 microns
142-149 F8.5 Jy e_Ftot160 ? Total flux density uncertainty
151-154 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA160 Major FWHM at 160 microns
156-159 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB160 Minor FWHM at 160 microns
161-165 F5.1 deg Theta160 Axis orientation at 160 microns
167-174 F8.4 Jy/beam Fpeak250 Peak intensity at 250 microns
176-182 F7.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak250 Peak intensity uncertainty
186-193 F8.4 Jy Ftot250 Total flux density at 250 microns
195-201 F7.5 Jy e_Ftot250 Total flux density uncertainty
203-206 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA250 Major FWHM at 250 microns
208-211 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB250 Minor FWHM at 250 microns
213-217 F5.1 deg Theta250 Axis orientation at 250 microns
219-226 F8.4 Jy/beam Fpeak350 Peak intensity at 350 microns
228-234 F7.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak350 Peak intensity uncertainty
236-243 F8.4 Jy Ftot350 Total flux density at 350 microns
245-251 F7.5 Jy e_Ftot350 Total flux density uncertainty
253-256 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA350 Major FWHM at 350 microns
257-261 F5.1 arcsec FWHMB350 Minor FWHM at 350 microns
263-267 F5.1 deg Theta350 Axis orientation at 350 microns
269-276 F8.5 Jy/beam Fpeak500 Peak intensity at 500 microns
278-284 F7.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak500 Peak intensity uncertainty
286-293 F8.5 Jy Ftot500 Total flux density at 500 microns
295-301 F7.5 Jy e_Ftot500 Total flux density uncertainty
303-306 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA500 Major FWHM at 500 microns
308-311 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB500 Minor FWHM at 500 microns
313-317 F5.1 deg Theta500 Axis orientation at 500 microns
319-327 F9.7 Jy/beam Fpeak24 ? Peak intensity at 24 microns
329-337 F9.7 Jy/beam e_Fpeak24 ? Peak intensity uncertainty
339-347 F9.7 Jy Ftot24 ? Total flux density at 24 microns
349-357 F9.7 Jy e_Ftot24 ? Total flux density uncertainty
359-363 F5.1 arcsec FWHMA24 Major FWHM at 24 microns
365-368 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB24 Minor FWHM at 24 microns
371-375 F5.1 deg Theta24 Axis orientation at 24 microns
379-387 F9.7 Jy/beam Fpeak850 Peak intensity at 850 microns
389-397 F9.7 Jy/beam e_Fpeak850 Peak intensity uncertainty
399-407 F9.7 Jy Ftot850 ? Total flux density at 850 microns
409-417 F9.7 Jy e_Ftot850 ? Total flux density uncertainty
419-422 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA850 Major FWHM at 850 microns
425-428 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB850 Minor FWHM at 850 microns
431-435 F5.1 deg Theta850 Axis orientation at 850 microns
439-449 F11.9 Jy F3.4 ? WISE flux at 3.4 microns
451-461 F11.9 Jy e_F3.4 ? Uncertainty on flux at 3.4 microns
462-473 F12.9 Jy F4.6 ? WISE flux at 4.6 microns
475-485 F11.9 Jy e_F4.6 ? Uncertainty on flux at 4.6 microns
487-499 F13.9 Jy F12 ? WISE flux at 12 microns
501-511 F11.9 Jy e_F12 ? Uncertainty on flux at 12 microns
513-525 F13.9 Jy F22 ? WISE flux at 22 microns
527-537 F11.9 Jy e_F22 ? Uncertainty on flux at 22 microns
539-557 A19 --- WISE Name of WISE source, JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s
(AllWISE, Cutri et al., 2013, Cat. II/328)
561-568 F8.5 K Tdust Source dust temperature
570-578 F9.6 K e_Tdust Uncertainty on temperature
581-590 F10.7 Msun Mgas Source gas mass
593-601 F9.7 Msun e_Mgas Uncertainty on mass
603-614 F12.7 Lsun Lbol Bolometric luminosity
616-624 F9.7 pc RefSize Reference size
626-636 F11.2 cm-3 Density Mean H2 number density
638-653 A16 --- Type Source type
654 A1 --- n_Type [*] Note on Type (1)
658-662 A5 --- Note Source location
664-687 A24 --- SIMBAD Possible source identity from SIMBAD
690 A1 --- Ref Reference for identity (2)
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Note (1): Types marked with an asterisk (*) indicate sources that were
assigned the "Bound dense core" type using the C18O data.
Note (2): The references for the source identities are as follows:
a = 2MASS catalogue, Cutri et al. (2003, Cat II/246)
b = Beckwith et al. 1976 (1990AJ.....99..924B 1990AJ.....99..924B)
c = Gutermuth et al. 2009 (2009ApJS..184...18G 2009ApJS..184...18G, Cat. J/ApJS/184/18)
d = JCMT Survey SCUBA Fundamental, Di Francesco et al.
(2008ApJS..175..277D 2008ApJS..175..277D, Cat J/ApJS/175/277)
e = Tafalla et al. (1997ApJ...474..329T 1997ApJ...474..329T)
f = Hodapp (2007AJ....134.2020H 2007AJ....134.2020H)
g = NRAO VLA Sky Survey, Condon et al. (1998AJ....115.1693C 1998AJ....115.1693C, Cat. VIII/65)
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Acknowledgements:
Tom Rayner, tsmrayner(at)yahoo.co.uk
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 22-Sep-2017