J/A+A/608/A68 TeV/non-TeV BL Lacs multi-lambda fluxes (Fallah Ramazani+, 2017)
Empirical multi-wavelength prediction method for very high energy gamma-ray
emitting BL Lacertae objects.
Fallah Ramazani V., Lindfors E., Nilsson K.
<Astron. Astrophys. 608, A68 (2017)>
=2017A&A...608A..68F 2017A&A...608A..68F (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: BL Lac objects ; X-ray sources ; Gamma rays ; Radio sources ;
Redshifts ; Galaxies, optical
Keywords: galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: general - X-rays: galaxies -
catalogs - methods: statistical - gamma rays: galaxies
Abstract:
We have collected the most complete multi-wavelength (6.0-6.0E-18cm)
dataset of very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitting (TeV) BL Lacs,
which are the most numerous extragalactic VHE sources. Using
significant correlations between different bands, we aim to identify
the best TeV BL Lac candidates that can be discovered by the current
and next generation of imaging air Cherenkovtelescopes.
We formed five datasets from lower energy data, i.e. radio,
mid-infrared, optical, X-rays, and GeV gamma-ray, and five VHE
gamma-ray datasets to perform a correlation study between different
bands and to construct the prediction method. The low energy datasets
were averaged for individual sources, while the VHE gamma-ray data
were divided into subsets according to the flux state of the source.
We then looked for significant correlations and determined their
best-fit parameters. Using the best-fit parameters we predicted the
level of VHE gamma-ray flux for a sample of 182 BL Lacs, which have
not been detected at TeV energies. We identified the most promising
TeV BL Lac candidates based on the predicted VHE gamma-ray flux for
each source.
We found 14 significant correlations between radio, mid-infrared,
optical, gamma-ray, and VHE gamma-ray bands. The correlation between
optical and VHE gamma-ray luminosity is established for the first
time. We attribute this to the more complete sample and more accurate
handling of host galaxy flux in our work. We found nine BL Lac
candidates whose predicted VHE gamma-ray flux is high enough for
detection in less than 25 hours with current imaging air Cherenkov
telescopes.
Description:
In TeV BL Lacs properties table we presnet most complete
multi-wavelength dataset of 47 very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray
emitting (TeV) BL Lacs. In Non-TeV BL Lacs properties table we present
multi-wavelength properties of 182 BL Lacs which are not detected in
VHE gamma-ray band. We predict a VHE gamma-ray flux for all of them
based on their similarities to TeV BL Lacs. These 182 sources are
ranked based on their VHE gamma-ray brightness. The source with rank
<53 can be detected by current imaging air Cherenkov telescopes.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tev.dat 172 47 TeV BL Lacs properties
nontev.dat 164 182 Non-TeV BL Lacs properties
refs.dat 87 83 References
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See also:
VII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)
J/ApJS/207/16 : BL Lac candidates for TeV observations (Massaro+, 2013)
J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tev.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name SIMBAD/NED source name
17- 18 I2 h RAh Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 21 I2 min RAm Right Ascension (J2000)
23- 24 I2 s RAs Right Ascension (J2000)
26 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
27- 28 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
30- 31 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
33- 34 I2 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
36- 40 F5.3 --- z Redshift
42- 46 A5 --- r_z Reference for redshift
48 A1 --- n_z [abcd] Notes for redshift (1)
53- 60 E8.2 10-7W LR Radio luminosity at 4.85 GHz
62- 66 A5 --- r_LR Reference for radio flux
70- 77 E8.2 10-7W LI Mid-infrared luminosity (2)
79- 86 E8.2 10-7W LO Optical (R-band) luminosity
88- 93 A6 --- r_LO Reference for Optical (R-band) flux
96-103 E8.2 10-7W LX X-ray luminosity (2-10 keV)
105-109 A5 --- r_LX Reference for X-ray flux (2-10 keV)
113-120 E8.2 10-7W Lgamma Gamma-ray luminosity (1-100 GeV) (3)
122-123 A2 --- Vflag [SD MD] VHE gamma-ray flag (4)
128-135 E8.2 10-7W VHESD ? VHE gamma-ray luminosity (>200GeV)
for SD sources
137-141 A5 --- r_VHESD Reference for VHE gamma-ray flux (>200GeV)
of SD sources
144-151 E8.2 10-7W VHEH ? Highest VHE gamma-ray luminosity (>200GeV)
for MD sources
153-157 A5 --- r_VHEH Reference for highest VHE gamma-ray flux
(>200GeV) of MD sources
159-166 E8.2 10-7W VHEL ? Lowest VHE gamma-ray luminosity (>200GeV)
for MD sources
168-172 A5 --- r_VHEL Reference for lowest VHE gamma-ray flux
(>200GeV) of MD sources
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Note (1): Notes for redshift as follows:
a = Lower limit based on spectroscopy.
b = Lower limit based on non-detection of host galaxy.
c = Lower limit based on detection of Ly_alpha forests.
d = Lower limit based on detection of Ly_alpha + O_vi forests.
Note (2): The mid-infrared fluxes for are reproduced from WISE based on the
method described in Massaro et al. (2013, Cat. J/ApJS/207/16).
Note (3): The Gamma-ray flux (1-100GeV) are collected from 3FGL;
Acero et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/218/23).
Note (4): VHE gamma-ray flag as follows:
SD = single-detected
MD = Multiple-detected
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: nontev.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 26 A26 --- Name SIMBAD/NED source name
29- 30 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
32- 33 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
35- 38 F4.1 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
40 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
41- 42 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
44- 45 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
47- 50 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
52- 56 F5.3 --- z Redshift (1)
58- 65 E8.2 mW/m2 SR ? Radio flux at 4.85GHz
67- 71 A5 --- r_SR Reference for radio flux
75- 82 E8.2 mW/m2 SI Mid-infrared flux (2)
84- 91 E8.2 mW/m2 SO ? Optical (R-band) flux
93- 98 A6 --- r_SO Reference for Optical (R-band) flux
101-108 E8.2 mW/m2 SX ? X-ray flux (2-10keV)
110-114 A5 --- r_SX Reference for X-ray flux (2-10keV)
118-125 E8.2 mW/m2 SGamma Gamma-ray flux (1-100GeV) (3)
127-134 E8.2 mW/m2 VHEMin Minimum predicted VHE gamma-ray flux (>200GeV)
136-143 E8.2 mW/m2 VHEMed Predicted VHE gamma-ray flux (>200GeV)
145-152 E8.2 mW/m2 VHEMax Maximum predicted VHE gamma-ray flux (>200GeV)
154-160 A7 --- Corrs Prediction function(s) which produced nearest
value to predicted VHE gamma-ray flux
(>200GeV)
162-164 I3 --- Rank [1/182] Detectibility rank
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Note (1): The redshifts were collected from the Roma-BZCAT catalogue
(Massaro et al. 2015Ap&SS.357...75M 2015Ap&SS.357...75M, Cat. VII/274)
Note (2): The mid-infrared fluxes for are reproduced from WISE based on the
method described in Massaro et al. (2013, Cat. J/ApJS/207/16)
Note (3): The Gamma-ray flux (1-100GeV) are collected from 3FGL;
Acero et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/218/23)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file:refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 A6 --- Ref Reference code used in the tables
8- 26 A19 --- BibCode Bibcode
28- 57 A30 --- Aut Author's name
60- 87 A28 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
Kari Nilsson, kani(at)utu.fi
Elina Lindfors, elilin(at)utu.fi
Vandad Fallah Ramazani, vafara(at)utu.fi
(End) Vandad Falah Ramazani [UTU], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 29-Aug-2017