J/A+A/619/A52 Dense cores and YSOs in Lupus complex (Benedettini+, 2018)
A catalogue of dense cores and young stellar objects in the Lupus complex based
on Herschel Gould Belt Survey observations.
Benedettini M., Pezzuto S., Schisano E., Andre P., Konyves V.,
Menshchikov A., Ladjelate B., Di Francesco J., Elia D., Arzoumanian D.,
Louvet F., Palmeirim P., Rygl K.L.J., Schneider N., Spinoglio L.,
Ward-Thompson D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 619, A52 (2018)>
=2018A&A...619A..52B 2018A&A...619A..52B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Molecular clouds ; Photometry, millimetric/submm
Keywords: ISM: clouds -
ISM: individual objects: Lupus complex (except planetary nebulae) -
star: formation - submillimetre: ISM
Abstract:
We present the catalogue of the dense cores and YSOs/protostars of the
Lupus I, Lupus III, and Lupus IV molecular clouds. Sources were
extracted from the far-infrared photometric maps at 70, 160, 250, 350
and 500um acquired with the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver
(SPIRE) and the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS)
instruments onboard the Herschel Space Observatory, within the
Herschel Gould Belt Survey project. A total of 532 dense cores, out of
which 103 are presumably prestellar in nature, and 38 YSOs/protostars
have been detected in the three clouds. The physical properties of the
objects were derived by fitting their spectral energy distributions.
Almost all the prestellar cores are associated with filaments against
only about one third of the unbound cores and YSOs/ protostars.
Prestellar core candidates are found even in filaments that are on
average thermally sub-critical and over a background column density
lower than that measured in other star forming regions so far. The
core mass function of the prestellar cores peaks between 0.2 and 0.3
solar masses and it is compatible with the log-normal shape found in
other regions. Herschel data reveal several, previously undetected,
protostars and new candidates of Class 0 and Class II with
transitional disks. We estimate the evolutionary status of the
YSOs/protostars using two independent indicators: the α index
and the fitting of the spectral energy distribution from near- to
far-infrared wavelengths. For 70% of the objects, the evolutionary
stages derived with the two methods are in agreement.
Description:
We used the multi-scale, multi-wavelength getsources algorithm to
extract compact sources from the Herschel Gould Belt survey
observations of the Lupus I, Lupus III and Lupus IV star forming
regions. In total, in the three regions, we identified 532 starless
dense cores, out of which 103 are presumably prestellar in nature, and
38 YSOs/protostars.
The observed properties of the identified sources are given in six,
similar-format tables, called tablea1x.dat. For each of the three
clouds, two tables are provided: one for the catalogue of the starless
dense cores and one for the catalogue of YSOs/protostars. The derived
physical properties of the dense cores are given in three,
similar-format tables, called tablea2x.dat.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea11.dat 575 319 Observed properties of dense cores in Lupus I
tablea12.dat 575 84 Observed properties of dense cores in Lupus III
tablea13.dat 575 129 Observed properties of dense cores in Lupus IV
tablea14.dat 629 9 Observed properties of YSOs/protostars in Lupus I
tablea15.dat 629 16 Observed properties of YSOs/protostars in Lupus III
tablea16.dat 629 13 Observed properties of YSOs/protostars in Lupus IV
tablea21.dat 191 319 Derived properties of dense cores in Lupus I
tablea22.dat 191 84 Derived properties of dense cores in Lupus III
tablea23.dat 191 129 Derived properties of dense cores in Lupus IV
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See also:
http://gouldbelt-herschel.cea.fr/ : Herschel Gould Belt Home Page
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea11.dat tablea12.dat tablea13.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- runNo Core running number
7- 25 A19 --- CoreName Core name, HHMMSS.s-DDMMSS,
to be added after HGBS-J
28- 29 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
31- 32 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
34- 38 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
42 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
43- 44 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
46- 47 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
49- 52 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
53- 62 F10.1 --- Sig070 Detection significance at 70um (1)
63- 73 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp070 Peak flux density at 70um
74- 83 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp070 Error on peak flux density at 70um
84- 92 F9.2 --- Sp070/Sbg070 Contrast over local background at 70um
93-103 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv070 Peak flux density at 70um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
104-114 E11.2 Jy Stot070 Integrated flux density at 70um
115-124 E10.2 Jy e_Stot070 [] Error on integrated flux density
at 70um
125-130 I6 arcsec FWHMa070 Major FWHM diameter at 70um (2)
131-136 I6 arcsec FWHMb070 Minor FWHM diameter at 70um (2)
137-142 I6 deg PA070 []?=-1 Position angle at 70um (2)(3)
143-152 F10.1 --- Sig160 Detection significance at 160um (1)
153-163 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp160 Peak flux density at 160um
164-173 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp160 Error on peak flux density at 160um
174-182 F9.2 --- Sp160/Sbg160 Contrast over local background at 160um
183-193 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv160 Peak flux density at 160um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
194-204 E11.2 Jy Stot160 Integrated flux density at 160um
205-214 E10.1 Jy e_Stot160 [] Error on integrated flux density
at 160um
215-220 I6 arcsec FWHMa160 Major FWHM diameter at 160um (2)
221-226 I6 arcsec FWHMb160 Minor FWHM diameter at 160um (2)
227-232 I6 deg PA160 []?=-1 Position angle at 160um (2)(3)
233-242 F10.1 --- Sig250 Detection significance at 250um (1)
243-253 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp250 Peak flux density at 250um
254-263 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp250 Error on peak flux density at 250um
264-272 F9.2 --- Sp250/Sbg250 Contrast over local background at 250um
273-283 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv250 Peak flux density at 250um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
284-294 E11.2 Jy Stot250 Integrated flux density at 250um
295-304 E10.1 Jy e_Stot250 Error on integrated flux density at 250um
305-310 I6 arcsec FWHMa250 Major FWHM diameter at 250um (2)
311-316 I6 arcsec FWHMb250 Minor FWHM diameter at 250um (2)
317-322 I6 deg PA250 [] Position angle at 250um (2)(3)
323-332 F10.1 --- Sig350 Detection significance at 350um (1)
333-343 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp350 Peak flux density at 350um
344-353 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp350 Error on peak flux density at 350um
354-362 F9.2 --- Sp350/Sbg350 Contrast over local background at 350um
363-373 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv350 Peak flux density at 350um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
374-384 E11.2 Jy Stot350 Integrated flux density at 350um
385-394 E10.1 Jy e_Stot350 Error on integrated flux density at 350um
395-400 I6 arcsec FWHMa350 Major FWHM diameter at 350um (2)
401-406 I6 arcsec FWHMb350 Minor FWHM diameter at 350um (2)
407-412 I6 deg PA350 [] Position angle at 350um (2)(3)
413-422 F10.1 --- Sig500 Detection significance at 500um (1)
423-433 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp500 Peak flux density at 500um
434-443 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp500 Error on peak flux density at 500um
444-452 F9.2 --- Sp500/Sbg500 Contrast over local background at 500um
453-463 E11.2 Jy Stot500 Integrated flux density at 500um
464-473 E10.1 Jy e_Stot500 [] Error on integrated flux density
at 500um
474-479 I6 arcsec FWHMa500 Major FWHM diameter at 500um (2)
480-485 I6 arcsec FWHMb500 Minor FWHM diameter at 500um (2)
486-491 I6 deg PA500 [] Position angle at 500um (2)(3)
492-501 F10.1 --- SigNH2 Detection significance at H2
column density, N(H2) (1)
502-510 F9.2 10+21cm-2 NH2p Peak N(H2) at 18.2" resolution
511-519 F9.2 --- NH2p/NH2bg Contrast over local background at N(H2)
520-524 F5.1 10+21cm-2 NH2conv Peak N(H2) at 36.3" resolution
525-529 F5.1 10+21cm-2 NH2bg Local background H2 column density
530-535 I6 arcsec FWHMaNH2 Major FWHM diameter at N(H2)
536-541 I6 arcsec FWHMbNH2 Minor FWHM diameter at N(H2)
542-547 I6 deg PANH2 [] Position angle at N(H2) (3)
553 I1 --- NSED Number of significant Herschel bands
559 I1 --- CuTExflag Association with CuTEx found source (4)
560-575 A16 --- Coretype Core type (5)
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Note (1): Detection significance, derived by getsources
(Men'shchikov et al., 2012A&A...542A..81M 2012A&A...542A..81M), is 0.0 if the core is not
visible in clean single scales
Note (2): A special value of -1 is given when no size measurement was possible
Note (3): Position angle of the core major axis, measured east of north
Note (4): CuTEx flag as follows:
1 = if the getsources source has a counterpart detected by CuTEX
(Molinari et al., 2011A&A...530A.133M 2011A&A...530A.133M) in at least 3 bands within
the ellipse that defines the size of the source at that band
0 = otherwise
Note (5): Core type: starless, prestellar, protostellar.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea14.dat tablea15.dat tablea16.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 I6 --- runNo Core running number
7- 25 A19 --- CoreName Core name, HHMMSS.s-DDMMSS,
to be added after HGBS-J
28- 29 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
31- 32 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
34- 38 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
42 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
43- 44 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
46- 47 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
49- 52 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
53- 62 F10.1 --- Sig070 Detection significance at 70um (1)
63- 73 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp070 Peak flux density at 70um
74- 83 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp070 Error on peak flux density at 70um
84- 92 F9.2 --- Sp070/Sbg070 Contrast over local background at 70um
93-103 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv070 Peak flux density at 70um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
104-114 E11.2 Jy Stot070 Integrated flux density at 70um
115-122 E8.2 Jy e_Stot070 Error on integrated flux density at 70um
123-127 I5 arcsec FWHMa070 Major FWHM diameter at 70um (2)
128-131 I4 arcsec FWHMb070 Minor FWHM diameter at 70um (2)
132-135 I4 deg PA070 [] Position angle at 70um (2)(3)
136-145 F10.1 --- Sig160 Detection significance at 160um (1)
146-156 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp160 Peak flux density at 160um
157-166 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp160 Error on peak flux density at 160um
167-175 F9.2 --- Sp160/Sbg160 Contrast over local background at 160um
176-186 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv160 Peak flux density at 160um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
187-197 E11.2 Jy Stot160 Integrated flux density at 160um
198-205 E8.1 Jy e_Stot160 Error on integrated flux density at 160um
206-210 I5 arcsec FWHMa160 Major FWHM diameter at 160um (2)
211-214 I4 arcsec FWHMb160 Minor FWHM diameter at 160um (2)
215-218 I4 deg PA160 [] Position angle at 160um (2)(3)
219-228 F10.1 --- Sig250 Detection significance at 250um (1)
229-239 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp250 Peak flux density at 250um
240-249 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp250 Error on peak flux density at 250um
250-258 F9.2 --- Sp250/Sbg250 Contrast over local background at 250um
259-269 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv250 Peak flux density at 250um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
270-280 E11.2 Jy Stot250 Integrated flux density at 250um
281-288 E8.1 Jy e_Stot250 Error on integrated flux density at 250um
289-293 I5 arcsec FWHMa250 Major FWHM diameter at 250um (2)
294-297 I4 arcsec FWHMb250 Minor FWHM diameter at 250um (2)
298-301 I4 deg PA250 [] Position angle at 250um (2)(3)
302-311 F10.1 --- Sig350 Detection significance at 350um (1)
312-322 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp350 Peak flux density at 350um
323-332 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp350 Error on peak flux density at 350um
333-341 F9.2 --- Sp350/Sbg350 Contrast over local background at 350um
342-352 E11.2 Jy/beam Sconv350 Peak flux density at 350um measured
after smoothing data to 36.3" beam
(in Jy/beam500)
353-363 E11.2 Jy Stot350 Integrated flux density at 350um
364-371 E8.1 Jy e_Stot350 Error on integrated flux density at 350um
372-376 I5 arcsec FWHMa350 Major FWHM diameter at 350um (2)
377-380 I4 arcsec FWHMb350 Minor FWHM diameter at 350um (2)
381-384 I4 deg PA350 [] Position angle at 350um (2)(3)
385-394 F10.1 --- Sig500 Detection significance at 500um (1)
395-405 E11.2 Jy/beam Sp500 Peak flux density at 500um
406-415 E10.1 Jy/beam e_Sp500 Error on peak flux density at 500um
416-424 F9.2 --- Sp500/Sbg500 Contrast over local background at 500um
425-434 E10.2 Jy Stot500 Integrated flux density at 500um
435-442 E8.1 Jy e_Stot500 Error on integrated flux density at 500um
443-447 I5 arcsec FWHMa500 Major FWHM diameter at 500um (2)
448-451 I4 arcsec FWHMb500 Minor FWHM diameter at 500um (2)
452-455 I4 deg PA500 [] Position angle at 500um (2)(3)
456-465 F10.1 --- SigNH2 Detection significance at
column density, N(H2) (1)
466-473 F8.1 10+21cm-2 NH2p Peak N(H2) at 18.2" resolution
474-482 F9.2 --- NH2p/NH2bg Contrast over local background at N(H2)
483-490 F8.1 10+21cm-2 NH2conv Peak N(H2) at 36.3" resolution
491-496 F6.1 10+21cm-2 NH2bg Local background H2 column density
497-501 I5 arcsec FWHMaNH2 Major FWHM diameter at N(H2)
502-505 I4 arcsec FWHMbNH2 Minor FWHM diameter at N(H2)
506-509 I4 deg PANH2 [] Position angle at N(H2) (3)
510-516 I7 --- NSED Number of significant Herschel bands
517-523 I7 --- CuTExflag Association with CuTEx found source (4)
524-541 A18 --- Coretype Core type (5)
542-551 A10 --- Comments Additional comments
552-577 A26 --- SIMBADass Closest counterpart found in SIMBAD
within 6" from Herschel peak position
578-605 A28 --- SPITZERass Closest Spitzer-identified YSO within
6" of the Herschel peak position
606-629 A24 --- WISEass Closest WISE-identified source within
6" of the Herschel peak position
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Detection significance, derived by getsources
(Men'shchikov et al., 2012A&A...542A..81M 2012A&A...542A..81M), is 0.0 if the core is not
visible in clean single scales.
Note (2): A special value of -1 is given when no size measurement was possible
Note (3): Position angle of the core major axis, measured east of north
Note (4): CuTEx flag as follows:
1 = if the getsources source has a counterpart detected by CuTEX
(Molinari et al., 2011A&A...530A.133M 2011A&A...530A.133M) in at least 3 bands within
the ellipse that defines the size of the source at that band
0 = otherwise
Note (5): Core type: starless, prestellar, protostellar.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea21.dat tablea22.dat tablea23.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 I5 --- runNo Core running number
6- 25 A20 --- CoreName Core name, HHMMSS.s-DDMMSS,
to be added after HGBS-J
28- 29 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000.0)
31- 32 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000.0)
34- 38 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000.0)
42 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000.0)
43- 44 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000.0)
46- 47 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000.0)
49- 52 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000.0)
53- 62 E10.2 pc Rdec Deconvolved core radius (1)
63- 71 E9.2 pc Robs Observed core radius (2)
72- 81 F10.3 Msun Mcore Estimated core mass
82- 90 F9.3 Msun e_Mcore Uncertainty in the core mass
91- 96 F6.1 K Tdust Dust temperature from SED fitting
97-101 F5.1 K e_Tdust Uncertainty in the dust temperature
102-107 F6.1 10+21cm-2 NH2p Peak H2 column density measured in the
maps at 36.3" resolution
108-116 F9.2 10+21cm-2 NH2av Average N(H2) derived using Robs
117-124 F8.2 10+21cm-2 NH2avd Average N(H2) derived using Rdec
125-130 F6.1 10+4cm-3 nH2p Beam-averaged peak volume density (3)
131-139 F9.2 10+4cm-3 nH2av Average core volume density from Robs
140-147 F8.2 10+4cm-3 nH2avd Average volume density from Rdec
148-155 F8.1 --- alphaBE Ratio between the Bonnor-Ebert critical
mass of the core and the observed mass
156-169 A14 --- Coretype Core type (4)
170-191 A22 --- Comments Additional comments (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Geometrical average between the major and minor FWHM sizes of the
core as measured in the high-resolution column density map after
deconvolution from the 18.2" HPBW resolution of the map.
Note (2): Same as (1) before deconvolution of the map.
Note (3): Derived from the peak column density (NH2p) assuming a Gaussian
spherical distribution.
Note (4): Core type: starless, prestellar, protostellar.
Note (5): Comments: no SED fit, tentative bound, or blank
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Milena Benedettini, milena.benedettini(at)inaf.it
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 24-Sep-2018