J/A+A/622/A120 Mass loss from Miras with and without Tc (Uttenthaler, 2019)
Interplay between pulsation, mass loss, and third dredge-up:
More about Miras with and without technetium.
Uttenthaler S., McDonald I., Bernhard K., Cristallo S., Gobrecht D.
<Astron. Astrophys. 622, A120 (2019)>
=2019A&A...622A.120U 2019A&A...622A.120U (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: stars: AGB and post-AGB - stars: late-type - stars: evolution -
stars: mass-loss - stars: oscillations
Abstract:
We follow-up on a previous finding that AGB Mira variables containing
the third dredge-up indicator technetium (Tc) in their atmosphere form
a different sequence of K-[22] colour as a function of pulsation
period than Miras without Tc. A near- to mid-infrared colour such as
K-[22] is a good probe for the dust mass-loss rate of the stars.
Contrary to what might be expected, Tc-poor Miras show redder K-[22]
colours (i.e. higher dust mass-loss rates) than Tc-rich Miras at a
given period.
Here, the previous sample is extended and the analysis is expanded
towards other colours and dust spectra. The most important aim is to
investigate if the same two sequences can be revealed in the gas
mass-loss rate.
We analysed new optical spectra and expanded the sample by including
more stars from the literature. Near- and mid-IR photometry and ISO
dust spectra of our stars were investigated where available.
Literature data of gas mass-loss rates of Miras and semi-regular
variables were collected and analysed.
Our results show that Tc-poor Miras are redder than Tc-rich Miras in a
broad range of the mid-IR, suggesting that the previous finding based
on the K-[22] colour is not due to a specific dust feature in the
22-micron band. We establish a linear relation between K-[22] and the
gas mass-loss rate. We also find that the 13 micron feature disappears
above K-[22]∼2.17mag, corresponding to dM/dtg∼2.6x10-7M_☉/yr.
No similar sequences of Tc-poor and Tc-rich Miras in the gas mass-loss
rate vs. period diagram are found, most probably owing to limitations
in the available data.
Different hypotheses to explain the observation of two sequences in
the P vs. K-[22] diagram are discussed and tested, but so far, none of
them convincingly explains the observations. Nevertheless, we might
have found an hitherto unknown but potentially important process
influencing mass loss on the TP-AGB.
Description:
Collection of information on the technetium (Tc) content, pulsation
period, IR photometry, and mass-loss rates of AGB variables. Up to
three references for the Tc content are given. The pulsation period is
the most up-to-date value possible, for many objects it is based on an
analysis of AAVSO data with the Period04 program (Lenz & Breger,
2005CoAst.146...53L 2005CoAst.146...53L). The variability type (Mira or semi-regular
variable [SRV]) is given. The spectral (chemical) type of the star is
taken from the same literature as the information on Tc. Mean K
magnitudes and J-K colours as well as their associated uncertainties
are computed from all available literature, as listed in Sect. 2 of
the paper; they are meant to be as close as possible to cycle-averaged
values, to average out the variability of the objects. Furthermore,
near- and mid-infrared magnitudes are given in the COBE/DIRBE 1.25 and
2.20 micron (Price et al, 2010ApJS..190..203P 2010ApJS..190..203P), IRAS 12, 25, and 60
micron (Neugebauer et al., 1984ApJ...278L...1N 1984ApJ...278L...1N), Akari 9, 18, 65, and
90 micron (Murakami et al., 2007PASJ...59S.369M 2007PASJ...59S.369M), and WISE 22 micron
(Wright et al., 2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W) bands. The following
zero-magnitude fluxes were used to convert fluxes to magnitudes:
1593.7 and 648.3Jy for COBE/DIRBE 1.25 and 2.20 micron; 28.3, 6.73,
and 1.19Jy for IRAS 12, 25, and 60; 58.08, 10.77, 0.9650, and 0.6276Jy
for Akari 9, 18, 65, and 90, respectively. This catalogue supersedes
the one from Uttenthaler (2013A&A...556A..38U 2013A&A...556A..38U, Cat. J/A+A/556/A38).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 146 241 Data of Tc content, pulsation properties, and
IR photometry of sample stars
tablea2.dat 44 135 CO mass-loss rates and other data of Miras
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See also:
II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)
II/177 : Sample of IRAS Point Sources NIR Photometry (Fouque+ 1992)
II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
J/A+A/317/761 : Miras temperatures, distances + magnitudes (Alvarez+ 1997)
J/A+A/384/925 : Compiled catalog of stellar data of Miras (Kharchenko+ 2002)
J/ApJ/620/961 : Diameters of Mira stars in JHK' bands (Millan-Gabet+, 2005)
J/MNRAS/386/313 : IR observations of Mira variables (Whitelock+, 2008)
J/MNRAS/399/1709 : Near-infrared survey of Miras (Matsunaga+, 2009)
J/ApJS/190/203 : 3.6 years of DIRBE NIR stellar light curves (Price+, 2010)
J/A+A/531/A88 : Optical spectra of 12 Miras (Uttenthaler+, 2011)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- Name Object name
20 I1 --- Tc [0/1] Tc content (G1)
22- 29 A8 --- r_Tc Reference(s) of Tc content (1)
31- 35 F5.1 d Per Period (days)
37- 40 A4 --- VT Variability type (2)
42- 43 A2 --- SpT [CMS ] Spectral (chemical) type (G2)
45- 50 F6.3 mag Kmag Mean K-band magnitude
52- 56 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? uncertainty of the K-band magnitude
58- 62 F5.3 mag J-K Mean J-K colour
64- 68 F5.3 mag e_J-K ? uncertainty of the J-K colour
70- 76 A7 --- r_J-K Reference(s) of J and K magnitudes (3)
78- 83 F6.3 mag D1.25 ? Mean COBE/DIRBE 1.25um magnitude, see
Price et al. (2010ApJS..190..203P 2010ApJS..190..203P)
85- 90 F6.3 mag D2.20 ? Mean COBE/DIRBE 2.20um magnitude, see
Price et al. (2010ApJS..190..203P 2010ApJS..190..203P)
92- 97 F6.3 mag IRAS12 ? IRAS 12um magnitude (4)
99-104 F6.3 mag IRAS25 ? IRAS 25um magnitude (4)
106-111 F6.3 mag IRAS60 ? IRAS 60um magnitude (4)
113-118 F6.3 mag Akari9 ? Akari 9um magnitude (5)
120-125 F6.3 mag Akari18 ? Akari 18um magnitude (5)
127-132 F6.3 mag Akari65 ? Akari 65um magnitude (5)
134-139 F6.3 mag Akari90 ? Akari 90um magnitude (5)
141-146 F6.3 mag WISE22 WISE 22um magnitude (6)
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Note (1): Reference of Tc content as follows:
1 = Little et al., 1987AJ.....94..981L 1987AJ.....94..981L
2 = Smith & Lambert, 1988ApJ...333..219S 1988ApJ...333..219S
3 = Vanture et al., 1991ApJ...381..278V 1991ApJ...381..278V
4 = Lebzelter & Hron 1999A&A...351..533L 1999A&A...351..533L
5 = Van Eck & Jorissen, 1999A&A...345..127V 1999A&A...345..127V
6 = Van Eck et al. , 2000A&AS..145...51V 2000A&AS..145...51V
7 = Lebzelter & Hron, 2003A&A...411..533L 2003A&A...411..533L
8 = Uttenthaler et al., 2007A&A...463..251U 2007A&A...463..251U
9 = Uttenthaler & Lebzelter, 2010A&A...510A..62U 2010A&A...510A..62U
10 = Uttenthaler et al., 2011A&A...531A..88U 2011A&A...531A..88U, Cat. J/A+A/531/A88
11 = Smolders et al., 2012A&A...540A..72S 2012A&A...540A..72S
12 = Abia et al., 2002ApJ...579..817A 2002ApJ...579..817A
13 = Barnbaum & Morris, 1993AAS...182.4617B 1993AAS...182.4617B
14 = Van Eck et al., 1998A&A...329..971V 1998A&A...329..971V
15 = This work
Note (2): Variability type as follows:
Mira = Mira-like variable
SRV = semi-regular variable
Note (3): Reference of J and K magnitudes as follows:
a = 2MASX, Skrutskie et al., 2006AJ....131.1163S 2006AJ....131.1163S, Cat. VII/233
b = Whitelock et al., 2006MNRAS.369..751W 2006MNRAS.369..751W, Cat. J/MNRAS/369/751
c = Catchpole et al., 1979SAAOC...1...61C 1979SAAOC...1...61C
d = Fouque et al., 1992A&AS...93..151F 1992A&AS...93..151F, Cat. II/177
e = Kerschbaum & Hron, 1994A&AS..106..397K 1994A&AS..106..397K, Cat. J/A+AS/106/397
f = Whitelock et al., 2000MNRAS.319..728W 2000MNRAS.319..728W
g = Whitelock et al., 2008MNRAS.386..313W 2008MNRAS.386..313W
h = Kerschbaum, 1995A&AS..113..441K 1995A&AS..113..441K, Cat. J/A+AS/113/441
i = DENIS, 2005yCat.2263....0T 2005yCat.2263....0T, Cat. II/263
j = Tabur et al., 2009ApJ...703L..72T 2009ApJ...703L..72T, Cat. J/ApJ/703/L72
k = Cioni et al, 2000A&AS..144..235C 2000A&AS..144..235C, Cat. II/228
l = Macri et al.. 2015AJ....149..117M 2015AJ....149..117M, Cat. J/AJ/149/117
m = Blommaert, 1992PhDT.......254B 1992PhDT.......254B
n = Schultheis et al., 1998A&A...338..581S 1998A&A...338..581S, Cat. J/A+A/338/581
o = Smolders et al. , 2012A&A...540A..72S 2012A&A...540A..72S
p = 2MASS6X, Cutri et al., 2012yCat.2281....0C 2012yCat.2281....0C, Cat. II/281
Note (4): see Neugebauer et al., 1984ApJ...278L...1N 1984ApJ...278L...1N
Note (5): see Murakami et al., 2007PASJ...59S.369M 2007PASJ...59S.369M
Note (6): see Wright et al., 2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Object name
11 I1 --- Tc [0/1]? Tc content (G1)
13- 17 F5.1 d Per Period (days)
19- 20 A2 --- SpT [CMS ] Spectral (chemical) type (G2)
22- 27 F6.3 mag Kmag Mean K-band magnitude
29- 34 F6.3 mag WISE22 WISE 22um magnitude, see Wright et al.,
2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W
36- 41 E6.2 Msun/yr MLR CO mass-loss rate
43- 44 I2 --- r_MLR Reference of mass-loss rate (1)
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Note (1): Reference of mass-loss rate as follows:
1 = Knapp & Morris, 1985ApJ...292..640K 1985ApJ...292..640K
2 = Knapp, 1985ApJ...293..273K 1985ApJ...293..273K
3 = Knapp, 1986ApJ...311..731K 1986ApJ...311..731K
4 = Olofsson et al., 1988A&A...196L...1O 1988A&A...196L...1O
5 = Nyman et al., 1992A&AS...93..121N 1992A&AS...93..121N, Cat. J/A+AS/93/121
6 = Young, 1995ApJ...445..872Y 1995ApJ...445..872Y
7 = Knapp et al., 1998ApJS..117..209K 1998ApJS..117..209K
8 = Groenewegen et al., 1999A&AS..140..197G 1999A&AS..140..197G
9 = Schoeier & Olofsson, 2001A&A...368..969S 2001A&A...368..969S
10 = Schoeier et al., 2002A&A...391..577S 2002A&A...391..577S
11 = Winters et al., 2003A&A...409..715W 2003A&A...409..715W
12 = Schoeier et al., 2006A&A...454..247S 2006A&A...454..247S
13 = Ramstedt et al., 2009A&A...499..515R 2009A&A...499..515R
14 = De Beck et al., 2010A&A...523A..18D 2010A&A...523A..18D
15 = Schoeier et al., 2013A&A...550A..78S 2013A&A...550A..78S
16 = Ramstedt & Olofsson, 2014A&A...566A.145R 2014A&A...566A.145R
17 = Danilovich et al., 2015A&A...581A..60D 2015A&A...581A..60D
18 = Ramstedt et al., 2018A&A...616A..61R 2018A&A...616A..61R
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Tc content as follows:
0 = Tc-poor
1 = Tc-rich
Note (G2): Spectral (chemical) type as follows:
M = Spectral type M (bands of TiO, VO)
MS = Spectral type MS (bands of TiO, VO, weak ZrO)
S = Spectral type S (strong bands of ZrO, weak TiO)
C = Spectral type C (bands of CN, C2)
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Acknowledgements:
Stefan Uttenthaler, stefan.uttenthaler(at)gmail.com
(End) S. Uttenthaler [Kuffner Obs., Vienna], P. Vannier [CDS] 11-Jan-2019