J/A+A/622/A149 Vienna survey in Orion. III. (Grossschedl+, 2019)
VISION - Vienna survey in Orion. III. Young stellar objects in Orion A.
Grossschedl J.E., Alves J., Teixeira P.S., Bouy H., Forbrich J., Lada C.J.,
Meingast S., Hacar A., Ascenso J., Ackerl C., Hasenberger B., Kohler R.,
Kubiak K., Larreina I., Linhardt L., Lombardi M., Moller T.
<Astron. Astrophys., 622, A149 (2019)>
=2019A&A...622A.149G 2019A&A...622A.149G (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: YSOs ; Stars, pre-main sequence ; Colors ; Combined data;
Infrared sources ; Photometry, infrared ; Protostars
Keywords: methods: observational - stars: formation - stars: pre-main sequence -
ISM: clouds - infrared: stars - methods: statistical
Abstract:
We have extended and refined the existing young stellar object (YSO)
catalogs for the Orion A molecular cloud, the closest massive
star-forming region to Earth. This updated catalog is driven by the
large spatial coverage (18.3deg2, ∼950pc2), seeing limited
resolution (∼0.7''), and sensitivity (Ks<19mag) of the ESO-VISTA
near-infrared survey of the Orion A cloud (VISION). Combined with
archival mid- to far-infrared data, the VISTA data allow for a refined
and more robust source selection. We estimate that among previously
known protostars and pre-main-sequence stars with disks, source
contamination levels (false positives) are at least ∼6.4% and ∼2.3%,
respectively, mostly due to background galaxies and nebulosities. We
identify 274 new YSO candidates using VISTA/Spitzer based selections
within previously analyzed regions, and VISTA/WISE based selections to
add sources in the surroundings, beyond previously analyzed regions.
The WISE selection method recovers about 59% of the known YSOs in
Orion A's low-mass star-forming part L1641, which shows what can be
achieved by the all-sky WISE survey in combination with deep
near-infrared data in regions without the influence of massive stars.
The new catalog contains 2980 YSOs, which were classified based on the
de-reddened mid-infrared spectral index into 188 protostars, 185
flat-spectrum sources, and 2607 pre-main-sequence stars with
circumstellar disks. We find a statistically significant difference in
the spatial distribution of the three evolutionary classes with
respect to regions of high dust column-density, confirming that
flat-spectrum sources are at a younger evolutionary phase compared to
Class IIs, and are not a sub-sample seen at particular viewing angles.
Description:
Catalog of 3117 sources in the region of the Orion A GMC, including
YSO candidates (revisited and new), rejected previous YSO candidates,
and uncertain YSO candidates. The table includes infrared photometry
of ESO-VISTA (VISION), WISE, and Spitzer. The classification of the
YSO candidates is given in Col. Class.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablec1.dat 666 3117 Catalog of YSO candidates and rejected YSOs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A & B. I. YSO catalog (Megeath+, 2012)
J/ApJS/224/5 : The Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS) (Furlan+, 2016)
J/A+A/587/A153 : VISION I. VISTA Orion A Survey (Meingast+, 2016)
J/A+A/614/A65 : VISION II. VISTA Orion A survey (Meingast+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
7- 12 F6.3 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
14 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
15- 16 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
18- 19 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
21- 26 F6.3 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
29 I1 --- r_Pos [1/3] Origin of the coordinates (1)
31- 46 A16 --- VISTA VISTA designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
48- 66 A19 --- WISE WISE designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)
68- 93 A26 --- PACS Herschel/PACS point source catalog (HPPSC)
designation (HPPSCNNNA_JHHMMSS.sDDMMSS)
95-101 I7 --- ID Running identification number from this work
103-106 I4 --- MGM ? Source index from Megeath et al.
(2012, J/AJ/144/192; 2016, J/A+A/587/A153)
for MGM sources
108-110 I3 --- HOPS ? Source index from Furlan et al.
(2016, J/ApJS/224/5) for HOPS sources
112-145 A34 --- Simbad Main identification as given in the SIMBAD
Astronomical Database
(Wenger et al., 2000A&AS..143....9W 2000A&AS..143....9W)
147-168 A22 --- Otype Object Type as given in SIMBAD
170-176 F7.4 mag Jmag ? J magnitude from VISTA
178-183 F6.4 mag e_Jmag ? 1sigma error of J magnitude from VISTA
185-191 F7.4 mag Hmag ? H magnitude from VISTA
193-198 F6.4 mag e_Hmag ? 1sigma error of H magnitude from VISTA
200-206 F7.4 mag Ksmag ? Ks magnitude from VISTA
208-213 F6.4 mag e_Ksmag ? 1sigma error of Ks magnitude from VISTA
215-221 F7.4 mag IRAC1 ? IRAC1 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
223-228 F6.4 mag e_IRAC1 ? Error of IRAC1 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
230-236 F7.4 mag IRAC2 ? IRAC2 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
238-243 F6.4 mag e_IRAC2 ? Error of IRAC2 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
245-251 F7.4 mag IRAC3 ? IRAC3 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
253-258 F6.4 mag e_IRAC3 ? Error of IRAC3 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
260-266 F7.4 mag IRAC4 ? IRAC4 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
268-273 F6.4 mag e_IRAC4 ? Error of IRAC4 magnitude from Spitzer/IRAC
275-281 F7.4 mag MIPS1 ? MIPS1 magnitude from Spitzer/MIPS
283-288 F6.4 mag e_MIPS1 ? Error of MIPS1 magnitude from Spitzer/MIPS
290-295 F6.3 mag W1 ? W1 magnitude given as w1mpro in the
AllWISE catalog
297-301 F5.3 mag e_W1 ? Error of W1 magnitude given as w1sigmpro
in the AllWISE catalog
303-308 F6.3 mag W2 ? W2 magnitude given as w2mpro in the
AllWISE catalog
310-314 F5.3 mag e_W2 ? Error of W2 magnitude given as w2sigmpro
in the AllWISE catalog
316-321 F6.3 mag W3 ? W3 magnitude given as w3mpro in the
AllWISE catalog
323-327 F5.3 mag e_W3 ? Error of W3 magnitude given as w3sigmpro
in the AllWISE catalog
329-334 F6.3 mag W4 ? W4 magnitude given as w4mpro in the
AllWISE catalog
336-340 F5.3 mag e_W4 ? Error of W4 magnitude given as w4sigmpro
in the AllWISE catalog
342-346 F5.2 --- alphaKM ? Observed spectral index alphaKM from 2.15
to 24 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks,
the four IRAC bands, and MIPS1
348-351 F4.2 --- e_alphaKM ? Fitting error of alphaKM
353-357 F5.2 --- alphaIM ? Observed spectral index alphaIM from 3.6
to 24 micrometer covering the four IRAC
bands and MIPS1
359-362 F4.2 --- e_alphaIM ? Fitting error of alphaIM
364-368 F5.2 --- alphaIRAC ? Observed spectral index alphaIRAC from 3.6
to 8 micrometer covering the four IRAC
bands
370-373 F4.2 --- e_alphaIRAC ? Fitting error of alphaIRAC
375-379 F5.2 --- alphaI2M ? Observed spectral index alphaI2M from 4.5
to 24 micrometer covering three IRAC bands
and MIPS1
381-384 F4.2 --- e_alphaI2M ? Fitting error of alphaI2M
386-390 F5.2 --- alphaI3M ? Observed spectral index alphaI3M from 5.8
to 24 micrometer covering two IRAC bands
and MIPS1
392-395 F4.2 --- e_alphaI3M ? Fitting error of alphaI3M
397-401 F5.2 --- alphaKI3 ? Observed spectral index alphaKI3 from 2.15
to 5.8 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks and
three IRAC bands
403-406 F4.2 --- e_alphaKI3 ? Fitting error of alphaKI3
408-412 F5.2 --- alphaKW3 ? Observed spectral index alphaKW3 from 2.15
to 12 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks and the
first three WISE bands
414-417 F4.2 --- e_alphaKW3 ? Fitting error of alphaKW3
419-423 F5.2 --- alphaKW ? Observed spectral index alphaKW from 2.15
to 22 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks and
all four WISE bands
425-428 F4.2 --- e_alphaKW ? Fitting error of alphaKW
430-434 F5.2 --- alphaW13 ? Observed spectral index alphaW13 from 3.4
to 12 micrometer covering the first
three WISE bands
436-439 F4.2 --- e_alphaW13 ? Fitting error of alphaKW13
441-445 F5.2 --- alphaWISE ? Observed spectral index alphaWISE from 3.4
to 22 micrometer covering the four WISE
bands
447-450 F4.2 --- e_alphaWISE ? Fitting error of alphaWISE
452-456 F5.2 --- alphaKW12M ? Observed spectral index alphaKW12M from
2.15 to 24 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks,
the first two WISE bands, and MIPS1
458-461 F4.2 --- e_alphaKW12M ? Fitting error of alphaKW12M
463-467 F5.2 --- alphaKM0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaKM_0 from
2.15 to 24 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks,
the four IRAC bands, and MIPS1
469-472 F4.2 --- e_alphaKM0 ? Fitting error of alphaKM_0
474-478 F5.2 --- alphaIM0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaIM_0 from
3.6 to 24 micrometer covering the four IRAC
bands and MIPS1
480-483 F4.2 --- e_alphaIM0 ? Fitting error of alphaIM_0
485-489 F5.2 --- alphaIRAC0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaIRAC_0
from 3.6 to 8 micrometer covering the four
IRAC bands
491-494 F4.2 --- e_alphaIRAC0 ? Fitting error of alphaIRAC_0
496-500 F5.2 --- alphaI2M0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaI2M_0 from
4.5 to 24 micrometer covering three IRAC
bands and MIPS1
502-505 F4.2 --- e_alphaI2M0 ? Fitting error of alphaI2M_0
507-511 F5.2 --- alphaI3M0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaI3M_0 from
5.8 to 24 micrometer covering two IRAC
bands and MIPS1
513-516 F4.2 --- e_alphaI3M0 ? Fitting error of alphaI3M_0
518-522 F5.2 --- alphaKI30 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaKI3_0 from
2.15 to 5.8 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks
and three IRAC bands
524-527 F4.2 --- e_alphaKI30 ? Fitting error of alphaKI3_0
529-533 F5.2 --- alphaKW30 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaKW3_0 from
2.15 to 12 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks
and the first three WISE bands
535-538 F4.2 --- e_alphaKW30 ? Fitting error of alphaKW3_0
540-544 F5.2 --- alphaKW0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaKW_0 from
2.15 to 22 micrometer covering VISTA/Ks
and all four WISE bands
546-549 F4.2 --- e_alphaKW0 ? Fitting error of alphaKW_0
551-555 F5.2 --- alphaW130 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaW13_0 from
3.4 to 12 micrometer covering the first
three WISE bands
557-560 F4.2 --- e_alphaW130 ? Fitting error of alphaW13_0
562-566 F5.2 --- alphaWISE0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaWISE_0
from 3.4 to 22 micrometer covering the
four WISE bands
568-571 F4.2 --- e_alphaWISE0 ? Fitting error of alphaWISE_0
573-577 F5.2 --- alphaKW12M0 ? De-reddened spectral index alphaKW12M_0
from 2.15 to 24 micrometer covering
VISTA/Ks, the first two WISE bands,
and MIPS1
579-582 F4.2 --- e_alphaKW12M0 ? Fitting error of alphaKW12M_0
584-589 F6.3 mag AKHerschel The extinction extracted from the Herschel
map at the position of each source
591-596 F6.3 mag AKIR The line-of-sight foreground extinction
towards each source, mainly obtained by the
NICER technique using VISTA NIR data.
See column "AKmethod" for more details
598-605 A8 --- AKmethod Used extinction method for AKIR (2)
607 I1 --- ClassCog [0/1]? VISTA extension flag (3)
609-616 F8.6 --- ClassSex [0,1]? VISTA extension flag (4)
618-621 A4 --- X X-ray flag (5)
623-634 A12 --- TTS T-Tauri star flag (6)
636-637 A2 --- ClassMGM Classification from MGM (7)
639-640 A2 --- ClassFF16 Classification for HOPS sources from
Furlan et al. (2016, J/ApJS/224/5) (8)
642-651 A10 --- ClassLL16 Classification from Lewis and Lada
(2016, J/ApJ/825/91) for the 44 low-AK
MGM protostars
653-655 A3 --- ClassFang Classification from Fang et al.
(2009, J/A+A/504/461; 2013, J/ApJS/207/5)
for the L1641 region
657-659 A3 --- ClassP13 Classification from Pillitteri et al.
(2013, J/ApJ/768/99) for the L1641 region
661-664 A4 --- Class YSO classification (9)
666 I1 --- ClassFlag [1/4] Flag to distinguish between
candidates (10)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Coordinates references as follows:
1 = VISTA coordinates, Meingast et al.
(2016A&A...587A.153M 2016A&A...587A.153M, Cat. J/A+A/587/A153)
2 = Spitzer coordinates, Megeath et al.
(2012AJ....144..192M 2012AJ....144..192M, Cat. J/AJ/144/192)
3 = Herschel/PACS point source catalog coordinates,
Pilbratt et al. (2010A&A...518L...1P 2010A&A...518L...1P)
Note (2): Method that was used to estimate the l.o.s. extinction toward each
source as follows:
LIT(4) = Extinction taken from spectral surveys of Hillenbrand
(1997AJ....113.1733H 1997AJ....113.1733H, Cat. J/AJ/113/1733)
LIT(5) = Extinction taken from spectral surveys of Fang et al.
(2009A&A...504..461F 2009A&A...504..461F, Cat. J/A+A/504/461,
2013ApJS..207....5F 2013ApJS..207....5F, Cat. J/ApJS/207/5),
LIT(6) = Extinction taken from spectral surveys of Furlan et al.
(2016ApJS..224....5F 2016ApJS..224....5F, cat. J/ApJS/224/5)
NICER = Lombardi & Alves, 2001A&A...377.1023L 2001A&A...377.1023L
JH = reddening E(J-H)
HK = reddening E(H-K)
JK = reddening E(J-K)
PNICER = Meingast et al., 2017A&A...601A.137M 2017A&A...601A.137M
HERSCHEL = If the individual line of sight extinction is significantly larger
than that of the cloud, measured by Herschel (AK,IR>AK,Herschel),
or when too few bands were available for an extinction
calculation, then AK,Herschel was used for an estimate of
line-of-sight extinction toward that source, while larger values
than AK>9mag were not allowed)
Note (3): Source morphology derived from variable aperture photometry in
combination with machine learning techniques as follows:
0 = indicates an extended object
1 = indicates point-like morphology
Note (4): Determined by the source extraction algorithm SExtractor. Values close
to 0 indicate an extended object, values close to 1 point-like morphology.
Note (5): Source was detected as X-ray source from following reference:
7 = COUP, Getman et al. (2005ApJS..160..319G 2005ApJS..160..319G, Cat. J/ApJS/160/319)
8 = SFINCS, Getman et al. (2017ApJS..229...28G 2017ApJS..229...28G, Cat. J/ApJS/229/28)
9 = XMM-Newton L1641, Pillitteri et al.
(2013ApJ...768...99P 2013ApJ...768...99P, Cat. J/ApJ/768/99)
10 = XMM-Newton kappa-Ori, Pillitteri et al.
(2016ApJ...820L..28P 2016ApJ...820L..28P, Cat. J/ApJ/820/L28)
Note (6): Source was classified as T-Tauri star from following reference:
11 = Szegedi-Elek et al. (, Cat. J/ApJS/208/28)
12 = Fang et al. (2009A&A...504..461F 2009A&A...504..461F, Cat. J/A+A/504/461,
2013ApJS..207....5F 2013ApJS..207....5F, Cat. J/ApJS/207/5,
2017AJ....153..188F 2017AJ....153..188F, Cat. J/AJ/153/188)
13 = Hsu et al. (2012ApJ...752...59H 2012ApJ...752...59H, Cat. J/ApJ/752/59,
2013ApJ...764..114H 2013ApJ...764..114H, Cat. J/ApJ/764/114)
14 = Da Rio et al. (2009ApJS..183..261D 2009ApJS..183..261D, Cat. J/ApJS/183/261)
15 = Pettersson et al. (2014A&A...570A..30P 2014A&A...570A..30P, Cat. J/A+A/570/A30)
Note (7): Classification from MGM as follows:
D = including disk sources
P = protostars
FP = faint protostar candidates
RP = red protostar candidates
Note (8): Classification for HOPS sources as follows:
0 = Class 0
I = Class I
F = flat spectrum
II = Class II
G = galaxies
U = unclear objects
Note (9): Classification as proposed in this work including YSO candidates
with IR-excess and rejected sources as follows:
0 = Class 0
I = Class I protostars
F = flat spectrum sources
D = Class II/III pre-main-sequence stars with disks
AD = anemic disks
TD = transition disks
For rejected candidates the type of contamination (false positive)
is given as follows:
G = galaxy
fuzz = nebulosity and fuzzy contamination
star = main-sequence star
III = Class III candidate without IR-excess
C = photometric contamination like image artifact
For uncertain candidates we indicate the suggested uncertain object type
as follows:
UG = galaxy candidate
UP = uncertain YSO candidate (depending on the spectral index)
UF = uncertain YSO candidate (depending on the spectral index)
UD = uncertain YSO candidate (depending on the spectral index)
Note (10): Flag to distinguish between candidates as follows:
1 = revisited YSO candidates
2 = new YSO candidates
3 = rejected candidates
4 = uncertain candidates
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Josefa Elisabeth Grosschedl, josefa.elisabeth.grossschedl(at)univie.ac.at
References:
Meingast et al., Paper I 2016A&A...587A.153M 2016A&A...587A.153M, Cat. J/A+A/587/A153
Meingast et al., Paper II 2018A&A...614A..65M 2018A&A...614A..65M, Cat. J/A+A/614/A65
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 21-Dec-2020