J/A+A/624/A116 Constraints on the progenitor of SN 1987A (Utrobin+, 2019)
Three-dimensional mixing and light curves: constraints on the progenitor
of supernova 1987A.
Utrobin V.P., Wongwathanarat A., Janka H.-T., Mueller E., Ertl T.,
Woosley S.E.
<Astron. Astrophys. 624, A116 (2019)>
=2019A&A...624A.116U 2019A&A...624A.116U
ADC_Keywords: Supernovae ; Models
Keywords: supernovae: general - supernovae: individual: SN 1987A - hydrodynamics
Abstract:
With the same method as used previously, we investigate
neutrino-driven explosions of a larger sample of blue supergiant
models. The blue supergiants were evolved as single-star progenitors.
The larger sample includes three new presupernova stars. The results
are compared with light-curve observations of the peculiar type IIP SN
1987A. The explosions were modeled in 3D with the
neutrino-hydrodynamics code PROMETHEUS-HOTB, and light-curve
calculations were performed in spherical symmetry with the
radiation-hydrodynamics code CRAB, starting at a stage of nearly
homologous expansion. Our results confirm the basic findings of the
previous work: 3D neutrino-driven explosions with SN 1987A-like
energies synthesize an amount of Ni-56 that is consistent with the
radioactive tail of the light curve. Moreover, the models mix hydrogen
inward to minimum velocities below 400km/s as required by spectral
observations and a 3D analysis of molecular hydrogen in SN 1987A.
Hydrodynamic simulations with the new progenitor models, which possess
smaller radii than the older ones, show much better agreement between
calculated and observed light curves in the initial luminosity peak
and during the first 20 days. A set of explosions with similar
energies demonstrated that a high growth factor of Rayleigh-Taylor
instabilities at the (C+O)/He composition interface combined with a
weak interaction of fast Rayleigh-Taylor plumes, where the reverse
shock occurs below the He/H interface, provides a sufficient condition
for efficient outward mixing of Ni-56 into the hydrogen envelope. This
condition is realized to the required extent only in one of the older
stellar models, which yielded a maximum velocity of around 3000km/s
for the bulk of ejected Ni-56, but failed to reproduce the helium-core
mass of 6M☉ inferred from the absolute luminosity of the
presupernova star. We conclude that none of the single-star progenitor
models proposed for SN 1987A to date satisfies all constraints set by
observations.
Description:
7 presupernova models for blue supergiants B15, W16, W18, W18r, W18x,
W20, and N20 were used as initial data for 3D simulations of
neutrino-driven explosions and the corresponding hydrodynamic models
B15-2, W16-3, W18, W18r-2, W18x-2, W20, and N20-P with SN 1987A-like
explosion energies were calculated. 3D models B15-2, W16-3, W18,
W18r-2, W18x-2, W20, and N20-P were mapped to spherically symmetric
configurations at a stage of almost homologous expansion: 61218.22s,
88487.02s, 55204.19s, 89773.06s, 89134.01s, 61243.24s, and
56861.61s, respectively. These 1D configurations were used as initial
data for simulations of bolometric light curves.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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05 35 28.02 -69 16 11.1 SN1987A = SN 1987A
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
b15-psn.dat 288 407 Presupernova model B15
n20-psn.dat 288 711 Presupernova model W16
w16-psn.dat 288 711 Presupernova model W18
w18-psn.dat 288 718 Presupernova model W18r
w18r-psn.dat 288 711 Presupernova model W18x
w18x-psn.dat 288 706 Presupernova model W20
w20-psn.dat 288 520 Presupernova model N20
b15-2-1i.dat 53 1970 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model B15-2
n20-p-1i.dat 53 1985 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model W16-3
w16-3-1i.dat 53 1695 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model W18
w18-1i.dat 53 1980 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model W18r-2
w18r2-1i.dat 53 1689 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model W18x-2
w18x2-1i.dat 53 1680 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model W20
w20-1i.dat 53 1975 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-interface
quantities of 3D flow in model N20-P
b15-2-1c.dat 395 1969 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model B15-2
w16-3-1c.dat 395 1694 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model W16-3
w18-1c.dat 395 1979 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model W18
w18r2-1c.dat 395 1688 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model W18r-2
w18x2-1c.dat 395 1679 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model W18x-2
w20-1c.dat 395 1974 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model W20
n20-p-1c.dat 395 1984 Angle-averaged profiles of cell-center
quantities of 3D flow in model N20-P
b15-2-lc.dat 25 9949 Bolometric light curve of model B15-2
n20-p-lc.dat 25 7886 Bolometric light curve of model W16-3
w16-3-lc.dat 25 41352 Bolometric light curve of model W18
w18-lc.dat 25 9175 Bolometric light curve of model W18r-2
w18r2-lc.dat 25 6342 Bolometric light curve of model W18x-2
w18x2-lc.dat 25 11299 Bolometric light curve of model W20
w20-lc.dat 25 9942 Bolometric light curve of model N20-P
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: *psn.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 E12.5 Msun m Enclosed mass
13- 24 E12.5 cm r Radius
25- 36 E12.5 g/cm3 dn Density
37- 48 E12.5 K te Temperature
49- 60 E12.5 10-7W/cm3 P Pressure (in erg/cm3)
61- 72 E12.5 10-7/g E Specific internal energy (in erg/g)
73- 84 E12.5 --- H1 Mass fraction of H1
85- 96 E12.5 --- He3 Mass fraction of He3
97-108 E12.5 --- He4 Mass fraction of He4
109-120 E12.5 --- C12 Mass fraction of C12
121-132 E12.5 --- N14 Mass fraction of N14
133-144 E12.5 --- O16 Mass fraction of O16
145-156 E12.5 --- Ne20 Mass fraction of Ne20
157-168 E12.5 --- Mg24 Mass fraction of Mg24
169-180 E12.5 --- Si28 Mass fraction of Si28
181-192 E12.5 --- S32 Mass fraction of S32
193-204 E12.5 --- Ar36 Mass fraction of Ar36
205-216 E12.5 --- Ca40 Mass fraction of Ca40
217-228 E12.5 --- Ti44 Mass fraction of Ti44
229-240 E12.5 --- Cr48 Mass fraction of Cr48
241-252 E12.5 --- Fe52 Mass fraction of Fe52
253-264 E12.5 --- Fe54 Mass fraction of Fe54
265-276 E12.5 --- Fe56 Mass fraction of Fe56
277-288 E12.5 --- Ni56 Mass fraction of Ni56
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: *-1i.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- 17 E15.8 Msun m Enclosed mass
21- 35 E15.8 cm r Radius
39- 53 E15.8 cm/s v Velocity
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: *1c.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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4- 18 E15.8 Msun m Enclosed mass
21- 35 E15.8 g/cm3 dn Density
39- 53 E15.8 10-7W/cm3 P Pressure (in erg/cm3)
57- 71 E15.8 10-7W/g E Specific internal energy (erg/s)
76- 90 E15.8 cm/s v Velocity
94-108 E15.8 --- Ye Mass fraction of free protons
111-125 E15.8 --- p Mass fraction of free protons
129-143 E15.8 --- H1 Mass fraction of H1
147-161 E15.8 --- He4 Mass fraction of He4
165-179 E15.8 --- C12 Mass fraction of C12
183-197 E15.8 --- O16 Mass fraction of O16
201-215 E15.8 --- Ne20 Mass fraction of Ne20
219-233 E15.8 --- Mg24 Mass fraction of Mg24
237-251 E15.8 --- Si28 Mass fraction of Si28
255-269 E15.8 --- S32 Mass fraction of S32
273-287 E15.8 --- Ar36 Mass fraction of Ar36
291-305 E15.8 --- Ca40 Mass fraction of Ca40
309-323 E15.8 --- Ti44 Mass fraction of Ti44
327-341 E15.8 --- Cr48 Mass fraction of Cr48
345-359 E15.8 --- Fe52 Mass fraction of Fe52
363-377 E15.8 --- Ni56 Mass fraction of Ni56
381-395 E15.8 --- Fe54 Mass fraction of Fe54
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: *lc.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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3- 15 E13.6 d t Time
18- 25 F8.4 mag MAG Absolute magnitude
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Acknowledgements:
Victor Utrobin, utrobin(at)itep.ru
(End) Victor Utrobin [ITEP, Russia], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 14-Mar-2019