J/A+A/628/A64       EPIC 212036875b griz light curves           (Persson+, 2019)
Greening of the brown-dwarf desert.
EPIC 212036875b: a 51 MJ object in a 5-day orbit around an F7V star.
    Persson C.M., Csizmadia S., Mustill A.J., Fridlund M., Hatzes A.P.,
    Nowak G., Georgieva I., Gandolfi D., Davies M.B., Livingston J.H., Palle E.,
    Montanes Rodriguez P., Endl M., Hirano T., Prieto-Arranz J., Korth J.,
    Grziwa S., Esposito M., Albrecht S., Johnson M.C., Barragan O.,
    Parviainen H., Van Eylen V., Alonso Sobrino R., Beck P.G., Cabrera J.,
    Carleo I., Cochran W.D., Dai F., Deeg H.J., de Leon J.P., Eigmueller P.,
    Erikson A., Fukui A., Gonzalez-Cuesta L., Guenther E.W., Hidalgo D.,
    Hjorth M., Kabath P., Knudstrup E., Kusakabe N., Lam K.W.F., Lund M.N.,
    Luque R., Mathur S., Murgas F., Narita N., Nespral D., Niraula P.,
    Olofsson A.O.H., Paetzold M., Rauer H., Redfield S., Ribas I., Skarka M.,
    Smith A.M.S., Subjak J., Tamura M.
    <Astron. Astrophys. 628, A64 (2019)>
    =2019A&A...628A..64P 2019A&A...628A..64P        (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Photometry, SDSS
Keywords: planetary systems - stars: fundamental parameters -
          stars: individual: EPIC 212036875 - techniques: photometric -
          techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
    Although more than 2000 brown dwarfs have been detected to date,
    mainly from direct imaging, their characterisation is difficult due to
    their faintness and model dependent results. In the case of transiting
    brown dwarfs it is, however, possible to make direct high precision
    observations.
    Our aim is to investigate the nature and formation of brown dwarfs by
    adding a new well-characterised object, in term of its mass, radius
    and bulk density, to the currently small sample of less than 20
    transiting brown dwarfs.
    One brown dwarf candidate was found by the KESPRINT consortium when
    searching for exoplanets in the K2 space mission Campaign 16 field. We
    combined the K2 photometric data with a series of multi-colour
    photometric observations, imaging and radial velocity measurements to
    rule out false positive scenarios and to determine the fundamental
    properties of the system.
    We report the discovery and characterisation of a transiting brown
    dwarf in a 5.17 day eccentric orbit around the slightly evolved F7V
    star EPIC 212036875.
    EPIC 212036875b is a rare object that resides in the brown dwarf
    desert. In the mass-density diagram for planets, brown dwarfs and
    stars, we find that all giant planets and brown dwarfs follow the same
    trend from 0.3MJ to the turn-over to hydrogen burning stars at
    73MJ. EPIC 212036875b falls on the theoretical line for H/He
    dominated planets in this diagram as determined by interior structure
    models, as well as on the empirical fit. We argue that EPIC 212036875b
    formed via gravitational disc instabilities in the outer part of the
    disc, followed by a quick migration. Orbital tidal circularisation may
    have started early in its history for a brief period when the brown
    dwarf's radius was larger. The lack of spin-orbit synchronisation
    points to a weak stellar dissipation parameter which implies a
    circularisation timescale of 23Gyr, or suggests an interaction
    between the magnetic and tidal forces of the star and the brown dwarf.
Description:
    The data consists of a multicolour transit light curve observed with
    the MuSCAT2 imager installed in the Carlos Sanchez Telescope in the
    Teide Observatory on the night of 3.4.2018. The data is stored as a
    fits file with the light curves for g', r', i', and z' filters stored
    as separate binary table extensions. The time column contains the
    mid-exposure times as BJD_TDB, the flux column contains the detrended
    flux, the trend column the removed trends, and the model column the
    fitted transit model.
Objects:
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
       RA   (2000)   DE       Designation(s)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    08 58 45.67  +20 52 08.7  EPIC 212036875b = 2MASS J08584567+2052088
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FileName      Lrecl  Records   Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe            80        .   This file
gband.dat         99      821   EPIC 212036875b MuSCAT2 g' light curve
iband.dat         99      827   EPIC 212036875b MuSCAT2 i' light curve
rband.dat         99      805   EPIC 212036875b MuSCAT2 r' light curve
zband.dat         99      826   EPIC 212036875b MuSCAT2 z' light curve
m2180403.fits   2880      114   Fits file of the light curves
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: gband.dat iband.dat rband.dat zband.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3- 24 E22.17 d       Time      Mid-exposure time as BJD, TDB
  28- 49 E22.17 ---     Flux      Detrended flux
  52- 74 E23.17 ---     Trend     Removed trends
  78- 99 E22.17 ---     Model     Fitted transit model
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
    Carina M. Persson, hpparvi(at)gmail.com
(End)                                        Patricia Vannier [CDS]  21-Jul-2019