J/A+A/638/A74 Catalog of dense cores in Oph molecular cloud (Ladjelate+, 2020)
The Herschel view of the dense core population in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud.
Ladjelate B., Andre P., Konyves V., Ward-Thompson D., Men'shchikov A.,
Bracco A., Palmeirim P., Roy A., Shimajiri Y., Kirk J., Arzoumanian D.,
Benedettini M., Di Francesco J., Fiorellino E., Schneider N., Pezzuto S.,
Motte F., Herschel Gould Belt Survey Team
<Astron. Astrophys. 638, A74 (2020)>
=2020A&A...638A..74L 2020A&A...638A..74L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: YSOs ; Regional catalog ; Infrared sources ; Interstellar medium ;
Combined data ; Photometry, millimetric/submm
Keywords: stars: formation - ISM: clouds - ISM: structure -
ISM: individual objects: Ophiuchus Complex - submillimeter: ISM
Abstract:
Herschel observations of nearby clouds in the Gould Belt support a
paradigm for low-mass star formation, starting with the generation of
molecular filaments, followed by filament fragmentation, and the
concentration of mass into self-gravitating prestellar cores. With the
unique far-infrared and submillimeter continuum imaging capabilities
of the Herschel Space observatory, the closeby (d=139pc) Ophiuchus
cloud was mapped at five wavelengths from 70 microns to 500 microns
with the aim of providing a complete census of dense cores in this
region, including unbound starless cores, bound prestellar cores, and
protostellar cores. Taking advantage of the high dynamic range and
multi-wavelength nature of the Herschel data, we used the multi-scale
decomposition algorithms getsources and getfilaments to identify a
complete sample of dense cores and filaments in the cloud and study
their properties. The densest clouds of the Ophiuchus complex, L1688
and L1689, which thus far are only indirectly described as filamentary
regions owing to the spatial distribution of their young stellar
objects (YSOs), are confirmed to be dominated by filamentary
structures. The tight correlation observed between prestellar cores
and filamentary structures in L1688 and L1689 supports the view that
solar-type star formation occurs primarily in dense filaments. While
the sub clouds of the complex show disparities, L1689 being less
efficient than L1688 at forming stars when considering their total
mass budgets, both sub clouds share almost the same prestellar core
formation efficiency in dense molecular gas. We also find evidence in
the Herschel data for a remarkable concentric geometrical
configuration in L1688 which is dominated by up to three arc-like
compression fronts and presumably created by shockwave events
emanating from the Sco OB2 association, including the neighboring
massive (O9V) star sigma Sco.
Description:
Based on Herschel Gould Belt survey (Andre et al.,
2010A&A...518L.102A 2010A&A...518L.102A) observations of the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud,
and using the multi-scale, multi-wavelength source extraction
algorithm getsources (Men'shchikov et al., 2012A&A...542A..81M 2012A&A...542A..81M), we
identified a total of 513 dense cores, including 144 starless cores.
The observed properties of all dense cores are given in tablea1.dat,
and their derived properties are listed in tablea2.dat.
Objects:
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RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
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16 28 06 -24 32.5 Ophiuchus molecular cloud = LDN 1688
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File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 562 513 Observed properties of dense cores in Ophiuchus
tablea2.dat 162 513 Derived properties of dense cores in Ophiuchus
list.dat 126 3 List of fits images
fits/* . 3 Individual fits images
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See also:
J/A+A/635/A34 : Catalog of dense cores in Orion B from Herschel (Konyves+ 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/513] Core running number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Core name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added
after HGBS_J
21- 22 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
45- 51 F7.1 --- Signi070 Detection significance at 70um (1)
53- 61 E9.3 Jy/beam Sp070 Peak flux density at 70um
63- 69 E7.2 Jy/beam e_Sp070 Error on peak flux density at 70um
71- 76 F6.2 --- Sp070/Sbg070 Contrast over local background at 70um
78- 86 E9.3 Jy/beam Sconv070 Smoothed peak flux density at 70um
(in Jy/beam500) (2)
88- 96 E9.3 Jy Stot070 Integrated flux density at 70um
98-104 E7.2 Jy e_Stot070 Error on integrated flux density at 70um
106-108 I3 arcsec FWHMa070 ?=-1 Major FWHM diameter at 70um (3)
110-112 I3 arcsec FWHMb070 ?=-1 Minor FWHM diameter at 70um (3)
114-116 I3 deg PA070 []?=-1 Position angle of the core major
axis at 70um, measured east
of north (3)
118-124 F7.1 --- Signi160 Detection significance at 160um (1)
126-134 E9.3 Jy/beam Sp160 Peak flux density at 160um
136-142 E7.2 Jy/beam e_Sp160 Error on peak flux density at 160um
144-148 F5.2 --- Sp160/Sbg160 Contrast over local background at 160um
150-158 E9.3 Jy/beam Sconv160 Smoothed peak flux density at 160um
(in Jy/beam500) (2)
160-168 E9.3 Jy Stot160 Integrated flux density at 160um
170-176 E7.2 Jy e_Stot160 Error on integrated flux density
at 160um
178-180 I3 arcsec FWHMa160 ?=-1 Major FWHM diameter at 160um (3)
182-184 I3 arcsec FWHMb160 ?=-1 Minor FWHM diameter at 160um (3)
186-188 I3 deg PA160 []?=-1 Position angle of the core major
axis at 160um, measured east
of north (3)
190-196 F7.1 --- Signi250 Detection significance at 250um (1)
198-205 E8.3 Jy/beam Sp250 Peak flux density at 250um
207-213 E7.2 Jy/beam e_Sp250 Error on peak flux density at 250um
215-218 F4.2 --- Sp250/Sbg250 Contrast over local background at 250um
220-227 E8.3 Jy/beam Sconv250 Smoothed peak flux density at 250um
(in Jy/beam500) (2)
229-236 E8.3 Jy Stot250 Integrated flux density at 250um
238-244 E7.2 Jy e_Stot250 Error on integrated flux density
at 250um
246-248 I3 arcsec FWHMa250 ?=-1 Major FWHM diameter at 250um (3)
250-252 I3 arcsec FWHMb250 ?=-1 Minor FWHM diameter at 250um (3)
254-256 I3 deg PA250 []?=-1 Position angle of the core major
axis at 250um, measured east of
north (3)
258-263 F6.1 --- Signi350 Detection significance at 350um (1)
265-272 E8.3 Jy/beam Sp350 Peak flux density at 350um
274-280 E7.2 Jy/beam e_Sp350 Error on peak flux density at 350um
282-285 F4.2 --- Sp350/Sbg350 Contrast over local background at 350um
287-294 E8.3 Jy/beam Sconv350 Smoothed peak flux density at 350um
(in Jy/beam500) (2)
296-304 E9.3 Jy Stot350 Integrated flux density at 350um
306-312 E7.2 Jy e_Stot350 Error on integrated flux density
at 350um
314-316 I3 arcsec FWHMa350 Major FWHM diameter of core at 350um
318-320 I3 arcsec FWHMb350 Minor FWHM diameter of core at 350um
322-324 I3 deg PA350 [] Position angle of core at 350um,
measured east of north
326-331 F6.1 --- Signi500 Detection significance at 500um (1)
333-341 E9.3 Jy/beam Sp500 Peak flux density at 500um
343-349 E7.2 Jy/beam e_Sp500 Error on peak flux density at 500um
351-355 F5.2 --- Sp500/Sbg500 Contrast over local background at 500um
357-365 E9.3 Jy Stot500 Integrated flux density at 500um
367-373 E7.2 Jy e_Stot500 Error on integrated flux density
at 500um
375-377 I3 arcsec FWHMa500 Major FWHM diameter of core at 500um
379-381 I3 arcsec FWHMb500 Minor FWHM diameter of core at 500um
383-385 I3 deg PA500 [] Position angle of core at 500um,
measured east of north
387-392 F6.1 --- SigniNH2 Detection significance at column density
394-398 F5.1 10+21cm-2 NpH2 Peak H2 column density at 18.2"
resolution
400-403 F4.2 --- NpH2/Nbg Contrast over local background at
column density
405-409 F5.1 10+21cm-2 NconvH2 Peak H2 column density at 36.3"
resolution
411-414 F4.1 10+21cm-2 NbgH2 Local background H_2 column density
416-418 I3 arcsec FWHMaNH2 Major FWHM diameter of core at N_H2
420-421 I2 arcsec FWHMbNH2 Minor FWHM diameter of core at N_H2
423-425 I3 deg PANH2 [] Position angle of core at N_H2,
measured east of north
427 I1 --- NSED [0/5] Number of significant Herschel
bands
429-440 A12 --- Coretype Core type
442-562 A121 --- NSIMBAD SIMBAD counterparts within 6-arcsec
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Note (1): Detection significance, derived by getsources (Men'shchikov et al.,
2012A&A...542A..81M 2012A&A...542A..81M), is 0.0 if the core is not visible in clean single scales.
Note (2): Peak flux density at the specified wavelength, measured after
smoothing the data to a 36.3" beam.
Note (3): A special value of -1 is given when no size measurement was possible.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Seq Core running number
5- 19 A15 --- Name Core name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS,
to be added after HGBS_J
21- 22 I2 h RAh Right ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm Right ascension (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs Right ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Declination sign (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs Declination (J2000)
45- 51 E7.2 pc Rd Deconvolved core radius (1)
53- 59 E7.2 pc Robs Observed core radius (2)
61- 65 F5.3 Msun Mcore Estimated core mass
67- 72 F6.3 Msun e_Mcore Uncertainty in the core mass
74- 77 F4.1 K Tdust Dust temperature from SED fitting
79- 82 F4.1 K e_Tdust Uncertainty in the dust temperature
84- 89 F6.2 10+21cm-2 NH2peak Peak H2 column density at 36.3" resolution
91- 96 F6.2 10+21cm-2 NH2av Average NH2 derived with Robs
98-104 F7.2 10+21cm-2 NH2avd Average NH2 derived with Rd
106-111 F6.2 10+4cm-3 nH2peak Beam-averaged peak volume density
113-118 F6.2 10+4cm-3 nH2av Average core volume density from Robs
120-126 F7.2 10+4cm-3 nH2avd Average volume density from Rd
128-133 F6.2 --- alphaBE Bonnor-Ebert mass ratio
135-162 A28 --- Coretype Core type
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Note (1): Geometrical average between the major and minor FWHM sizes of the core
[pc], measured in the high-resolution column density map after deconvolution
from the 18.2-arcsec HPBW resolution of the map.
Note (2): Geometrical average between the major and minor FWHM sizes of the core
[pc], measured in the high-resolution column density map before deconvolution.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 F9.5 deg RAdeg Right ascension of image center (J2000)
10- 18 F9.5 deg DEdeg Declination of image center (J2000)
20 I1 arcsec/pix Scale [3] Scale of the image
22- 25 I4 --- Nx [5751] Number of pixels along X-axis
27- 30 I4 --- Ny [6042] Number of pixels along Y-axis
32- 37 I6 Kibyte size [135742] Size of the fits file
39- 82 A44 --- FileName Name of the fits file in subdirectory fits
84-126 A43 --- Title Title of the fits file
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Acknowledgements:
Bilal Ladjelate, ladjelate(at)iram.es, bilal.ladjelate(at)gmail.com,
CEA/Saclay, France - IRAM, Spain
Philippe Andre, pandre(at)cea.fr
References:
Andre et al., 2010A&A...518L.102A 2010A&A...518L.102A
Men'shchikov et al., 2012A&A...542A..81M 2012A&A...542A..81M
(End) B. Ladjelate [CEA, France - IRAM, Spain], P. Vannier [CDS] 04-May-2020