J/A+A/654/A157 5 ILRTs light curves and spectra (Cai+, 2021)
Intermediate-Luminosity Red Transients: Spectro-photometric properties and
connection to electron-capture supernova explosions.
Cai Y-Z., Pastorello A., Fraser M., Botticella M.T., Elias-Rosa N.,
Wang L.-Z., Kotak R., Benetti S., Cappellaro E., Turatto M., Reguitti A.,
Mattila S., Smartt S.J., Ashall C., Benitez S., Chen T.-W., Harutyunyan A.,
Kankare E., Lundqvist P., Mazzali P.A., Morales-Garoolo A., Ochner P.,
Pignata G., Prentice S.J., Reynolds T.M., Shu X.-W., Stritzinger M.D.,
Tartaglia L., Terreran G., Tomasella L., Valenti S., Valerin G., Wang G.-J.,
Wang X.-F., Borsato L., Callis E., Cannizzaro G., Chen S., Congiu E.,
Ergon M., Galbany L., Gal-Yam A., Gao X., Gromadzki M., Holmbo S., Huang F.,
Inserra C., Itagaki K., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z., Maguire K., Margheim S.,
Moran S., Onori F., Sagues Carracedo A., Smith K.W., Sollerman J.,
Somero A., Wang B., Young D.R.
<Astron. Astrophys. 654, A157 (2021)>
=2021A&A...654A.157C 2021A&A...654A.157C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Photometry, UBVRI ; Photometry, SDSS ;
Photometry, infrared ; Spectroscopy
Keywords: supernovae: general - stars: AGB and post-AGB - stars: mass-loss
Abstract:
We present the spectroscopic and photometric study of five
intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs), namely AT 2010dn, AT
2012jc, AT 2013la, AT 2013lb, and AT 2018aes. They share common
observational properties and belong to a family of objects similar to
the prototypical ILRT SN 2008S. These events have a rise time that is
less than 15 days and absolute peak magnitudes of between -11:5 and
-14:5mag. Their pseudo-bolometric light curves peak in the range
0.5-9.0*1040erg/s and their total radiated energies are on the
order of (0.3-3)*1047erg. After maximum brightness, the light
curves show a monotonic decline or a plateau, resembling those of
faint supernovae IIL or IIP, respectively. At late phases, the light
curves flatten, roughly following the slope of the 56Co decay. If
the late-time power source is indeed radioactive decay, these
transients produce 56Ni masses on the order of 10-4 to
10-3M☉. The spectral energy distribution of our ILRT sample,
extending from the optical to the mid-infrared (MIR) domain, reveals a
clear IR excess soon after explosion and non-negligible MIR emission
at very late phases. The spectra show prominent H lines in emission
with a typical velocity of a few hundred km/s, along with CaII
features. In particular, the [CaII]7291,7324 doublet is visible at all
times, which is a characteristic feature for this family of
transients. The identified progenitor of SN 2008S, which is luminous
in archival Spitzer MIR images, suggests an intermediate-mass
precursor star embedded in a dusty cocoon. We propose the explosion of
a super-asymptotic giant branch star forming an electron-capture
supernova as a plausible explanation for these events.
Description:
Photometry tables and fits spectra for five Intermediate-Luminosity
Red Transients (AT 2010dn, AT 2012jc, AT 2013la, AT 2013lb, and AT
2018aes).
Objects:
------------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
------------------------------------------------------------
10 18 19.89 +41 26 28.80 AT 2010dn = SN 2010dn
14 53 53.95 +03 34 04.90 AT 2012jc = PSN J14535395+0334049
13 10 07.34 +34 10 51.4 AT 2013la = PSN J13100734+3410514
15 21 34.75 -07 22 18.30 AT 2013lb = PSN J15213475-0722183
13 38 17.76 +03 56 44.20 AT 2018aes
------------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 104 36 AT 2010dn optical (BVuriz) light curves
tablea2.dat 60 9 AT 2010dn near-infrared (NIR) JHK light curves
tablea3.dat 42 10 AT 2010dn mid-infrared (MIR) CH1/CH2 light curves
tablea4.dat 91 31 AT 2012jc optical (UBVRI) light curves
tablea5.dat 92 35 AT 2013lb optical (UBVRI) light curves
tablea6.dat 60 14 AT 2013lb near-infrared (NIR) JHK light curves
tablea7.dat 98 45 AT 2013la optical (BVugri) light curves
tablea8.dat 106 41 AT 2018aes optical (BVgriz) light curves
tablea9.dat 62 5 AT 2018aes near-infrared (NIR) JHK light curves
sp/* . 23 Individual ascii spectra (not for AT2010dn)
list.dat 158 33 List of fits spectra (for all sources)
fits/* . 33 Individual fits spectra
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21 A1 --- l_Bmag Limit flag on Bmag
22- 27 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude
29- 33 F5.3 mag e_Bmag ? Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude error
35 A1 --- l_Vmag Limit flag on Vmag
36- 41 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude
43- 47 F5.3 mag e_Vmag ? Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude error
49- 54 F6.3 mag umag ?=- Sloan u band magnitude
56- 60 F5.3 mag e_umag ? Sloan u band magnitude error
62 A1 --- l_rmag Limit flag on rmag
63- 68 F6.3 mag rmag ?=- Sloan r band magnitude
70- 74 F5.3 mag e_rmag ? Sloan r band magnitude error
76- 81 F6.3 mag imag ?=- Sloan i band magnitude
83- 87 F5.3 mag e_imag ? Sloan i band magnitude error
89- 94 F6.3 mag zmag ?=- Sloan z band magnitude
96-100 F5.3 mag e_zmag ? Sloan z band magnitude error
102 I1 --- Tel [1/5]?=- Telescope numerical code (1)
104 A1 --- Note [a-d] Notes to the table (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) + ALFOSC
2 = Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) + LRS
3 = LCO (FTN site) + EM01
4 = Liverpool Telescope (LT) + RATCam
5 = Copernico Telescope + AFOSC
Note (2): Additional notes:
a = This approximation is based on the similar through puts between wide
filters F555W/F814W and V/I . Original data published by
Berger (2010ATel.2655....1B 2010ATel.2655....1B), and reported to Johnson-Cousins V and I
(I>24.9mag) magnitudes
b = Amateur data (K. Itagaki) scaled to r band
c = Bright Supernova website
(http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2010/index.html#2010dn;
Observation: J. Nicolas)
d = Bright Supernova website
(http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2010/index.html#2010dn;
Observation: J. Brimacombe)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21- 26 F6.3 mag Jmag NIR J band magnitude
28- 32 F5.3 mag e_Jmag NIR J band magnitude error
34- 39 F6.3 mag Hmag NIR H band magnitude
41- 45 F5.3 mag e_Hmag NIR H band magnitude error
47- 52 F6.3 mag Kmag ?=- NIR K band magnitude
54- 58 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? NIR K band magnitude error
60 I1 --- Tel [1/2] Telescope numerical code (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = Liverpool Telescope (LT) + SupIRCam
2 = Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) + NICS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 18 F7.1 d MJD Modified Julian Date
20- 24 F5.2 mag CH1mag MIR CH1 (3.6um) band magnitude
26- 29 F4.2 mag e_CH1mag MIR CH1 (3.6um) band magnitude error
31- 35 F5.2 mag CH2mag MIR CH2 (4.5um) band magnitude
37- 40 F4.2 mag e_CH2mag MIR CH2 (4.5um) band magnitude error
42 I1 --- Tel [1] Telescope numerical code (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = The Spitzer Space Telescope + InfraRed Array Camera
(IRAC; two channels: CH1=3.6um and CH2=4.5um)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21 A1 --- l_Umag Limit flag on Umag
22- 27 F6.3 mag Umag ?=- Johnson-Cousins U band magnitude
29- 33 F5.3 mag e_Umag ? Johnson-Cousins U band magnitude error
35- 40 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude
42- 46 F5.3 mag e_Bmag ? Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude error
48 A1 --- l_Vmag Limit flag on Vmag
49- 54 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude
56- 60 F5.3 mag e_Vmag ? Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude error
62 A1 --- l_Rmag Limit flag on Rmag
63- 68 F6.3 mag Rmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins R band magnitude
70- 74 F5.3 mag e_Rmag ? Johnson-Cousins R band magnitude error
76- 81 F6.3 mag Imag ?=- Johnson-Cousins I band magnitude
83- 87 F5.3 mag e_Imag ? Johnson-Cousins I band magnitude error
89 I1 --- Tel [1/8]?=- Telescope numerical code (1)
91 A1 --- Note [ab] Notes to the table (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = PROMPT Telescope + PROMPT3/5
2 = Liverpool Telescope (LT) + RATCam
3 = Copernico Telescope + AFOSC
4 = New Technology Telescope (NTT) + EFOSC2
5 = Schmidt Telescope + SBIG
6 = Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) + ALFOSC
7 = Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) + LRS
8 = TRAPPIST-S Telescope + TRAPPIST
Note (2): Additional notes:
a = Observations from The Astronomer's Telegram (ATel, No. 4004;
see Howerton et al. 2012ATel.4004....1H 2012ATel.4004....1H).
b = Bright Supernova website
(http://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2012/index.html#PSNJ14535395+0334049;
Observation: J. Brimacombe)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21 A1 --- l_Umag Limit flag on Umag
22- 27 F6.3 mag Umag ?=- Johnson-Cousins U band magnitude
29- 33 F5.3 mag e_Umag ? Johnson-Cousins U band magnitude error
35 A1 --- l_Bmag Limit flag on Bmag
36- 41 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude
43- 47 F5.3 mag e_Bmag ? Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude error
49 A1 --- l_Vmag Limit flag on Vmag
50- 55 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude
57- 61 F5.3 mag e_Vmag ? Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude error
63 A1 --- l_Rmag Limit flag on Rmag
64- 69 F6.3 mag Rmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins R band magnitude
71- 75 F5.3 mag e_Rmag ? Johnson-Cousins R band magnitude error
77- 82 F6.3 mag Imag ?=- Johnson-Cousins I band magnitude
84- 88 F5.3 mag e_Imag ? Johnson-Cousins I band magnitude error
90 I1 --- Tel [1/5]?=- Telescope numerical code (1)
92 A1 --- Note [a] Notes to the table (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = PROMPT Telescope + PROMPT3/5
2 = Copernico Telescope + AFOSC
3 = New Technology Telescope (NTT) + EFOSC2
4 = Liverpool Telescope (LT) + RATCam
5 = SMARTS Telescope + ANDICAM-CCD
Note (2): Additional notes:
a = This limit was obtained by L. Elenin (Lyubertsy, Russia) and
I. Molotov (Moscow, Russia) through a 0.45-m f/2.8 telescope plus
KAF09000 CCD, which is also reported in the Central Bureau for
Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT, see
http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/unconf/followups/J15213475-0722183.html)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date (MJD-50000)
21- 26 F6.3 mag Jmag ?=- NIR J band magnitude
28- 32 F5.3 mag e_Jmag ? NIR J band magnitude error
34- 39 F6.3 mag Hmag ?=- NIR H band magnitude
41- 45 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? NIR H band magnitude error
47- 52 F6.3 mag Kmag ?=- NIR K band magnitude
54- 58 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? NIR K band magnitude error
60 I1 --- Tel [1/2] Telescope numerical code (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = New Technology Telescope (NTT) + SOFI
2 = SMARTS Telescope + ANDICAM-IR
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21- 26 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude
28- 32 F5.3 mag e_Bmag ? Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude error
34 A1 --- l_Vmag Limit flag on Vmag
35- 40 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude
42- 46 F5.3 mag e_Vmag ? Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude error
48 A1 --- l_umag Limit flag on umag
49- 54 F6.3 mag umag ?=- Sloan u band magnitude
56- 60 F5.3 mag e_umag ? Sloan u band magnitude error
62- 66 F5.2 mag gmag ?=- Sloan g band magnitude
68 A1 --- l_rmag Limit flag on rmag
69- 74 F6.3 mag rmag ?=- Sloan r band magnitude
76- 80 F5.3 mag e_rmag ? Sloan r band magnitude error
82- 87 F6.3 mag imag ?=- Sloan i band magnitude
89- 93 F5.3 mag e_imag ? Sloan i band magnitude error
96 I1 --- Tel [1/7]?=- Telescope numerical code (1)
98 A1 --- Note [a] Notes to the table (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = Celestron C14 35-cm reflector + QHY9
2 = Liverpool Telescope (LT) + IO:O
3 = Copernico Telescope + AFOSC
4 = Schmidt Telescope + SBIG
5 = Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) + LRS
6 = Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC) + OSIRIS
7 = Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) + ALFOSC
Note (2): Additional notes:
a = These data were taken from the Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients (see
website:
https://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/ps1threepi/psdb/candidate/1131007351341051000/)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21 A1 --- l_Bmag Limit flag on Bmag
22- 27 F6.3 mag Bmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude
29- 33 F5.3 mag e_Bmag ? Johnson-Cousins B band magnitude error
35 A1 --- l_Vmag Limit flag on Vmag
36- 41 F6.3 mag Vmag ?=- Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude
43- 47 F5.3 mag e_Vmag ? Johnson-Cousins V band magnitude error
49 A1 --- l_gmag Limit flag on gmag
50- 55 F6.3 mag gmag ?=- Sloan g band magnitude
57- 61 F5.3 mag e_gmag ? Sloan g band magnitude error
63 A1 --- l_rmag Limit flag on rmag
64- 69 F6.3 mag rmag ?=- Sloan r band magnitude
71- 75 F5.3 mag e_rmag ? Sloan r band magnitude error
77 A1 --- l_imag Limit flag on imag
78- 83 F6.3 mag imag ?=- Sloan i band magnitude
85- 89 F5.3 mag e_imag ? Sloan i band magnitude error
91- 96 F6.3 mag zmag ?=- Sloan z band magnitude
98-102 F5.3 mag e_zmag ? Sloan z band magnitude error
104 I1 --- Tel [1/7]?=- Telescope numerical code (1)
106 A1 --- Note [abc] Notes to the table (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = LCO (COJ site) + fl12
2 = LCO (CPT site) + fl06
3 = Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) + ALFOSC
4 = LCO (ELP site) + fl05
5 = LCO (LSC site) + fl03
6 = Liverpool Telescope (LT) + IO:O
7 = Schmidt Telescope + Moravian
Note (2): Additional notes:
a = ATLAS (Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System;
Heinze et al. 2018; Tonry et al. 2018;
Smith et al. 2020) observations in cyan- and orange-band magnitudes are
reported in the sloan g and r columns respectively
b = Unfiltered KAIT data reported to the sloan r magnitudes (AB system). Data
from the Transient Name Server
(TNS; https://wis-tns.weizmann.ac.il/object/2018aes)
c = The i-band magnitude is the weighted mean value obtained from the
Pan-STARRS Survey for Transients (see website:
https://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/sne/ps13pi/psdb/lightcurve/1134817771035644300/)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 10 A10 "date" Date Date of observation (yyyy/mm/dd)
12- 19 F8.2 d MJD Modified Julian Date
21 A1 --- l_Jmag Limit flag on Jmag
22- 27 F6.3 mag Jmag ?=- NIR J band magnitude
29- 33 F5.3 mag e_Jmag ? NIR J band magnitude error
35- 40 F6.3 mag Hmag ?=- NIR H band magnitude
42- 46 F5.3 mag e_Hmag ? NIR H band magnitude error
49- 54 F6.3 mag Kmag ?=- NIR K band magnitude
56- 60 F5.3 mag e_Kmag ? NIR K band magnitude error
62 I1 --- Tel [1] Telescope numerical code (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Telescope numerical code as follows:
1 = Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) + NOTCam.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: sp/*
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 F17.11 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
20- 32 E13.7 --- Flux Normalised flux
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: list.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 9 A9 --- Name Intermediate-Luminosity Red Transient name
11- 14 I4 --- Nx Number of pixels along X-axis
16 I1 --- Ny ? Number of pixels along Y-axis
18- 40 A23 "datime" Obs.date Observation date
42- 48 F7.2 0.1nm blambda Lower value of wavelength interval
50- 57 F8.2 0.1nm Blambda Upper value of wavelength interval
59- 66 F8.6 0.1nm dlambda Wavelength resolution
68- 69 I2 Kibyte size Size of FITS file
71-110 A40 --- FileName Name of FITS file, in subdirectory fits
112-158 A47 --- Title Title of the FITS file
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Yongzhi Cai, yzcai(at)mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 11-Oct-2021