J/A+A/655/A89 Mrk421 multi-instrument observations in 2017 (Acciari+, 2021)
Investigation of the correlation patterns and the Compton dominance variability
of Mrk 421 in 2017.
Acciari V.A., Ansoldi S., Antonelli L.A., Arbet Engels A., Artero M.,
Asano K., Babic A., Baquero A., Barres de Almeida U., Barrio J.A.,
Batkovic I., Becerra Gonzalez J., Bednarek W., Bellizzi L., Bernardini E.,
Bernardos M., Berti A., Besenrieder J., Bhattacharyya W., Bigongiari C.,
Blanch O., Bosnjak Z., Busetto G., Carosi R., Ceribella G., Cerruti M.,
Chai Y., Chilingarian A., Cikota S., Colak S.M., Colombo E.,
Contreras J.L., Cortina J., Covino S., D'Amico G., D'Elia V., Da Vela P.,
Dazzi F., De Angelis A., De Lotto B., Delfino M., Delgado J.,
Delgado Mendez C., Depaoli D., Di Pierro F., Di Venere L.,
Do Souto Espineira E., Dominis Prester D., Donini A., Doro M.,
Fallah Ramazani V., Fattorini A., Ferrara G., Fonseca M.V., Font L.,
Fruck C., Fukami S., Garcia Lopez R.J., Garczarczyk M., Gasparyan S.,
Gaug M., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Gliwny P., Godinovic N., Green J.G.,
Green D., Hadasch D., Hahn A., Heckmann L., Herrera J., Hoang J.,
Hrupec D., Huetten M., Inada T., Inoue S., Ishio K., Iwamura Y.,
Jimenez I., Jormanainen J., Jouvin L., Kajiwara Y., Karjalainen M.,
Kerszberg D., Kobayashi Y., Kubo H., Kushida J., Lamastra A., Lelas D.,
Leone F., Lindfors E., Lombardi S., Longo F., Lopez-Coto R.,
Lopez-Moya M., Lopez-Oramas A., Loporchio S.,
Machado de Oliveira Fraga B., Maggio C., Majumdar P., Makariev M.,
Mallamaci M., Maneva G., Manganaro M., Maraschi L., Mariotti M.,
Martinez M., Mazin D., Menchiari S., Mender S., Micanovic S., Miceli D.,
Miener T., Minev M., Miranda J.M., Mirzoyan R., Molina E., Moralejo A.,
Morcuende D., Moreno V., Moretti E., Neustroev V., Nigro C., Nilsson K.,
Nishijima K., Noda K., Nozaki S., Ohtani Y., Oka T., Otero-Santos J.,
Paiano S., Palatiello M., Paneque D., Paoletti R., Paredes J.M.,
Pavletic L., Penil P., Perennes C., Persic M., Prada Moroni P.G.,
Prandini E., Priyadarshi C., Puljak I., Ribo M., Rico J., Righi C.,
Rugliancich A., Saha L., Sahakyan N., Saito T., Sakurai S., Satalecka K.,
Saturni F.G., Schmidt K., Schweizer T., Sitarek J., Snidaric I.,
Sobczynska D., Spolon A., Stamerra A., Strom D., Strzys M., Suda Y.,
Suric T., Takahashi M., Tavecchio F., Temnikov P., Terzic T., Teshima M.,
Tosti L., Truzzi S., Tutone A., Ubach S., van Scherpenberg J., Vanzo G.,
Vazquez Acosta M., Ventura S., Verguilov V., Vigorito C.F., Vitale V.,
Vovk I., Will M., Wunderlich C., Zaric D., Baack D., Balbo M.,
Biederbeck N., Biland A., Bretz T., Buss J., Dorner D., Eisenberger L.,
Elsaesser D., Hildebrand D., Iotov R., Mannheim K., Neise D., Noethe M.,
Paravac A., Rhode W., Schleicher B., Sliusar V., Walter R., D'Ammando F.,
Horan D., Lien A.Y., Balokovic M., Madejski G.M., Perri M., Verrecchia F.,
Leto C., Laehteenmaeki A., Tornikoski M., Ramakrishnan V., Jaervelae E.,
Vera R.J.C., Villata M., Raiteri C.M., Gupta A.C., Pandey A., Fuentes A.,
Agudo I., Casadio C., Semkov E., Ibryamov S., Marchini A., Bachev R.,
Strigachev A., Ovcharov E., Bozhilov V., Valcheva A., Zaharieva E.,
Damljanovic G., Vince O., Larionov V.M., Borman G.A., Grishina T.S.,
Hagen-Thorn V.A., Kopatskaya E.N., Larionova E.G., Larionova L.V.,
Morozova D.A., Nikiforova A.A., Savchenko S.S., Troitskiy I.S.,
Troitskaya Y.V., Vasilyev A.A., Merkulova O.A., Chen W.P., Samal M.,
Lin H.C., Moody J.W., Sadun A.C., Jorstad S.G., Marscher A.P.,
Weaver Z.R., Feige M., Kania J., Kopp M., Kunkel L., Reinhart D.,
Scherbantin A., Schneider L., Lorey C., Acosta-Pulido J.A.,
Carnerero M.I., Carosati D., Kurtanidze S.O., Kurtanidze O.M.,
Nikolashvili M.G., Chanishvili R.G., Chigladze R.A., Ivanidze R.Z.,
Kimeridze G.N., Sigua L.A., Joner M.D., Spencer M., Giroletti M.,
Marchili N., Righini S., Rizzi N., Bonnoli G.
<Astron. Astrophys. 655, A89 (2021)>
=2021A&A...655A..89M 2021A&A...655A..89M
=2021A&A...655A..89A 2021A&A...655A..89A (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Active gal. nuclei; X-ray sources; Gamma rays; Optical;
Radio sources
Keywords: galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: individual -
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
Abstract:
We present a detailed characterisation and theoretical interpretation
of the broadband emission of the paradigmatic TeV blazar Mrk 421, with
a special focus on the multi-band flux correlations. The dataset has
been collected through an extensive multi-wavelength campaign
organised between 2016 December and 2017 June. The instruments
involved are MAGIC, FACT, Fermi-LAT, Swift, GASP-WEBT, OVRO, Medicina,
and Metsahovi. Additionally, four deep exposures (several hours long)
with simultaneous MAGIC and NuSTAR observations allowed a precise
measurement of the falling segments of the two spectral components.
The very-high-energy (VHE; E>100GeV) gamma rays and X-rays are
positively correlated at zero time lag, but the strength and
characteristics of the correlation change substantially across the
various energy bands probed. The VHE versus X-ray fluxes follow
different patterns, partly due to substantial changes in the Compton
dominance for a few days without a simultaneous increase in the X-ray
flux (i.e. orphan gamma-ray activity). Studying the broadband spectral
energy distribution (SED) during the days including NuSTAR
observations, we show that these changes can be explained within a
one-zone leptonic model with a blob that increases its size over time.
The peak frequency of the synchrotron bump varies by two orders of
magnitude throughout the campaign. Our multi-band correlation study
also hints at an anti-correlation between UV-optical and X-ray at a
significance higher than 3σ. A VHE flare observed on MJD∼57788
(2017 February 4) shows gamma-ray variability on multi-hour
timescales, with a factor ten increase in the TeV flux but only a
moderate increase in the keV flux. The related broadband SED is better
described by a two-zone leptonic scenario rather than by a one-zone
scenario. We find that the flare can be produced by the appearance of
a compact second blob populated by high energetic electrons spanning a
narrow range of Lorentz factors, from γ'min=2x104 to
γ'max=6x105.
Description:
This work presents multi-instrument observations of Mrk421 collected
over a 7-month period, between end of 2016 and June 2017. A large
number of instruments participated to the campaign to cover the
emission from the radio to the gamma-ray band and to obtain a dense
temporal coverage. It is worth to note that we present simultaneous
MAGIC and NuSTAR multi-hour observations, which provide a precise
measurement of the falling edges of the two spectral components of Mrk
421. During the first part of the campaign, the source flux was higher
than the typical emission state. In particular, a short and bright VHE
gamma-ray flare was observed on MJD 57788. During the second part of
the campaign, the source was most of time close to its typical
emission level.
The collected dataset allows us to investigate intra-band correlation
patterns with a high precision across the spectrum. In particular, we
characterise in detail the VHE versus X-ray correlation by binning the
data into several sub-energy bands. This dataset also offers the
possibility to study the temporal evolution of the broadband SED and
compare it with theoretical models.
Objects:
----------------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
----------------------------------------------------------
11 04 27.31 +38 12 31.8 Mrk 421 = SWIFT J1104.5+3813
----------------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
fig1.dat 89 2051 Multiwavelength light curves of Fig.1
fig2.dat 90 51 Multiwavelength light curves of Fig.2
mjd57757.dat 98 36 SED on MJD 57757 shown in Fig.15
mjd57785.dat 98 35 SED on MJD 57785 shown in Fig.15
mjd57813.dat 98 32 SED on MJD 57813 shown in Fig.15
mjd57840.dat 98 35 SED on MJD 57840 shown in Fig.15
mjd57788.dat 98 31 SED on MJD 57788 shown in Fig.16
mjd57786.dat 98 21 SED on MJD 57785 shown in Fig.16
mjd57789.dat 83 9 SED on MJD 57789 shown in Fig.16
figc1.dat 90 53 VHE and X-ray light curves of Fig.C1
figc2.dat 90 30 VHE and X-ray light curves of Fig.C2
figc3.dat 90 45 VHE and X-ray light curves of Fig.C3
figc4.dat 90 61 VHE and X-ray light curves of Fig.C4
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See also:
J/A+A/576/A126 : The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk421 (Aleksic+, 2015)
J/A+A/578/A22 : Mrk421 in March 2010 (Aleksic+, 2015)
J/A+A/593/A91 : Mrk 421 multi-wavelength variability, 2007-2009 (Ahnen+, 2016)
J/ApJS/248/29 : Simultaneous X-ray & gamma obs. of Mrk421 in 2013
(Acciari+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: fig1.dat fig2.dat figc?.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 F10.4 d MJD Modified Julian date, bin center
18- 23 F6.4 d deltaMJD ?=- Modified Julian date, bin duration
27 A1 --- l_Flux Upper limit flag (UL at 95% C.L.) (1)
28- 36 E9.2 --- Flux Measured flux (or UL at 95% C.L. if e_Flux=0)
42- 49 E8.2 --- e_Flux Flux uncertainty
53- 63 A11 --- Energy Energy range or Filter
67- 76 A10 --- Inst Instrument
79- 90 A12 --- x_Flux Flux units
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Note (1): For the Fermi-LAT light curve, an UL at 95% C.L. is quoted when the
Test Statistic (TS) is below 4.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: mjd*.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 10 E10.4 Hz Freq Frequency, bin center
14- 23 E10.4 Hz BFreq Frequency, bin lower width
27- 36 E10.4 Hz bFreq Frequency, bin upper width
39 A1 --- l_nuFnu Upper limit flag on Energy flux
(UL at 95% C.L.)
40- 49 E10.4 mW/m2 nuFnu Energy flux (or UL at 95% C.L.
if e_nuFnu=0 and E_nuFnu=0)
53- 62 E10.4 mW/m2 e_nuFnu Energy flux lower uncertainty
66- 75 E10.4 mW/m2 E_nuFnu Energy flux upper uncertainty
79- 98 A20 --- Inst Instrument (1)
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Note (1): The MAGIC SED points are corrected for the EBL absorption effect.
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Acknowledgements:
Axel Arbet-Engels, aaxel(at)phys.ethz.ch
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 06-Aug-2021