J/A+A/675/A154 X-Shooting ULLYSES. Project Description (Vink+, 2023)
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity. I. Project description.
Vink J.S., Mehner A., Crowther P.A., Fullerton A., Garcia M., Martins F.,
Morrell N., Oskinova L.M., St-Louis N., ud-Doula A., Sander A.A.C.,
Sana H., Bouret J.-C., Kubatova B., Marchant P., Martins L.P., Wofford A.,
van Loon J.T., Grace Telford O., Goetberg Y., Bowman D.M., Erba C.,
Kalari V.M., Abdul-Masih M., Alkousa T., Backs F., Barbosa C.L.,
Berlanas S.R., Bernini-Peron M., Bestenlehner J.M., Blomme R.,
Bodensteiner J., Brands S.A., Evans C.J., David-Uraz A., Driessen F.A.,
Dsilva K., Geen S., Gomez-Gonzalez V.M.A., Grassitelli L., Hamann W.-R.,
Hawcroft C., Herrero A., Higgins E.R., John Hillier D., Ignace R.,
Istrate A.G., Kaper L., Kee N.D., Kehrig C., Keszthelyi Z., Klencki J.,
de Koter A., Kuiper R., Laplace E., Larkin C.J.K., Lefever R.R.,
Leitherer C., Lennon D.J., Mahy L., Maiz Apellaniz J., Maravelias G.,
Marcolino W., McLeod A.F., de Mink S.E., Najarro F., Oey M.S.,
Parsons T.N., Pauli D., Pedersen M.G., Prinja R.K., Ramachandran V.,
Ramirez-Tannus M.C., Sabhahit G.N., Schootemeijer A., Reyero Serantes S.,
Shenar T., Stringfellow G.S., Sudnik N., Tramper F., Wang L.
<Astron. Astrophys. 675, A154 (2023)>
=2023A&A...675A.154V 2023A&A...675A.154V (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, early-type ; Photometry, UBV ; Photometry, infrared ;
Effective temperatures ; Stars, diameters ; Stars, masses
Keywords: stars: atmospheres - stars: early-type - stars: winds, outflows -
stars: evolution - methods: observational - galaxies: dwarf
Abstract:
Observations of individual massive stars, super-luminous supernovae,
gamma-ray bursts, and gravitational wave events involving
spectacular black hole mergers indicate that the low-metallicity
Universe is fundamentally different from our own Galaxy. Many
transient phenomena will remain enigmatic until we achieve a firm
understanding of the physics and evolution of massive stars at low
metallicity (Z). The Hubble Space Telescope has devoted 500 orbits to
observing ∼250 massive stars at low Z in the ultraviolet (UV) with
the COS and STIS spectrographs under the ULLYSES programme. The
complementary X-Shooting ULLYSES (XShootU) project provides an
enhanced legacy value with high-quality optical and near-infrared
spectra obtained with the wide-wavelength coverage X-shooter
spectrograph at ESO's Very Large Telescope. We present an overview
of the XShootU project, showing that combining ULLYSES UV and XShootU
optical spectra is critical for the uniform determination of stellar
parameters such as effective temperature, surface gravity, luminosity,
and abundances, as well as wind properties such as mass-loss rates as
a function of Z. As uncertainties in stellar and wind parameters
percolate into many adjacent areas of astrophysics, the data and
modelling of the XShootU project is expected to be a game changer for
our physical understanding of massive stars at low Z. To be able to
confidently interpret James Webb Space Telescope spectra of the first
stellar generations, the individual spectra of low-Z stars need to be
understood, which is exactly where XShootU can deliver.
Description:
In Table B.1 we present optical and NIR (JHK) photometry of
the ULLYSES targets, as well as spectroscopic and multiplicity
information.
Table B.2 provides an extensive literature search for the stellar and
wind parameters as they were known prior to the start of ULLYSES.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tableb1.dat 177 244 Photometric, spectroscopic and multiplicity of
ULLYSES/XShootU targets, ordered by RA
refb1.dat 75 109 References for table B1
tableb2.dat 149 244 Pre-ULLYSES target parameters compiled by the
ULLYSES team at STScI
refb2.dat 75 99 References for table B2
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Cluster Cluster name
11- 37 A27 --- Target Target name
39- 69 A31 --- Alias Other name(s)
71- 91 A21 --- SpType Spectral type
93- 95 I3 --- r_SpType Reference for spectral type
97-101 F5.2 mag Umag ?=- U magnitude
103-107 F5.2 mag Bmag ?=- B magnitude
109-113 F5.2 mag Vmag V magnitude
115-119 A5 --- r_Umag Reference for UBV magnitudes
121-125 F5.2 mag Jmag ?=- J magnitude (1)
127-131 F5.2 mag Hmag ?=- H magnitude (1)
133-137 F5.2 mag Ksmag ?=- Ks magnitude (1)
139-141 A3 --- r_Jmag Reference for JHKs magnitudes
143-147 F5.2 mag (B-V)0 ?=- Dereddened B-V colour
149-152 F4.2 mag E(B-V) ?=- Reddening
154-156 I3 --- r_(B-V)0 Reference for Reddening
158-162 F5.2 mag VMAG ?=- Absolute magnitude
164-169 A6 --- Binary? Binary code
171-175 A5 --- r_Binary? Referrence for Binary code
177 A1 --- MIKE? [V] V for Magellan/MIKE target
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Note (1): The infrared photometry is drawn from 2MASS (JHKs) or
VISTA VMC (JKs).
H-band photometry is missing if 2MASS and VISTA are discrepant (presumably
due to photometric variability or sensitivity/crowding issues).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Cluster Cluster name
11- 37 A27 --- Target Target name
39- 59 A21 --- SpType Spectral type
71- 72 I2 --- r_SpType Reference for spectral type
74- 79 I6 K Teff ?=- Effective temperature
81- 82 I2 --- r_Teff ?=- Reference for Teff
84- 86 F3.1 [cm/s2] logg ?=- Surface gravity
88- 89 I2 --- r_logg ?=- Reference for logg
91- 94 F4.2 [Lsun] logL ?=- Luminosity
96- 97 I2 --- r_logL ?=- Reference for logL
99-102 F4.1 Rsun Rad ?=- Radius
104-114 A11 --- r_Rad Reference for Rad
116-120 F5.1 Msun Mass ?=- Mass
122-123 I2 --- r_Mass ?=- Reference for Mass
125-127 I3 km/s vsini ?=- Rotational velocity
129-130 I2 --- r_vsini ?=- Reference for vsini
132-135 I4 km/s vinf ?=- Terminal velocity
137-138 I2 --- r_vinf ?=- Reference for vinf
140-146 E7.2 Msun/yr dM/dt ?=- Mass loss
148-149 I2 --- r_dM/dt ?=- Reference for dM/dt
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refb1.dat refb2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference number
5- 23 A19 --- BibCode BibCode
25- 54 A30 --- Aut Author's name
56- 75 A20 --- Com Comments
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Acknowledgements:
Jorick Vink, jorick.vink(at)armagh.ac.uk
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 05-Jun-2023