J/A+A/684/A116 XO-2S and XO-2N radial velocities (Ruggieri+, 2024)
The GAPS Programme at TNG. LIII. New insights on the peculiar XO-2 system.
Ruggieri A., Desidera S., Biazzo K., Pinamonti M., Marzari F., Mantovan G.,
Sozzetti A., Bonomo A.S., Lanza A.F., Malavolta L., Claudi R., Damasso M.,
Gratton R., Nardiello D., Benatti S., Bignamini A., Andreuzzi G., Borsa F.,
Cabona L., Knapic C., Molinari E., Pino L., Zingales T.
<Astron. Astrophys. 684, A116 (2024)>
=2024A&A...684A.116R 2024A&A...684A.116R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Radial velocities ;
Optical
Keywords: techniques: radial velocities - planets and satellites: detection -
binaries: visual - stars: individual: XO-2S, XO-2N -
stars: solar-type
Abstract:
Planets in binary systems are a fascinating and yet poorly understood
phenomenon. Since there are only a few known large-separation systems
in which both components host planets, characterizing them is a key
target for planetary science.
In this paper, we aim to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the
interesting XO-2 system, where one component (XO-2N) appears to be a
system with only one planet, while the other (XO-2S) has at least
three planets.
Over the last 9 years, we have collected 39 spectra of XO-2N and 106
spectra of XO-2S with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet
Searcher for the Northern hemisphere (HARPS-N) in the framework of the
Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) project, from which we
derived precise radial velocity (RV) and activity indicator
measurements. Additional spectroscopic data from the High Resolution
Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES) and from the High Dispersion Spectrograph
(HDS), and the older HARPS-N data presented in previous papers, have
also been used to increase the total time span. We also used
photometric data from TESS to search for potential transits that have
not been detected yet. For our analysis, we mainly used PyORBIT, an
advanced Python tool for the Bayesian analysis of RVs, activity
indicators, and light curves.
We found evidence for an additional long-period planet around XO-2S
and characterized the activity cycle likely responsible for the
long-term RV trend noticed for XO-2N. The new candidate is an example
of a Jovian analog with msini∼3.7MJ, a∼5.5au, and e=0.09. We also
analyzed the stability and detection limits to get some hints about
the possible presence of additional planets. Our results show that the
planetary system of XO-2S is at least one order of magnitude more
massive than that of XO-2N. The implications of these findings for the
interpretation of the previously known abundance difference between
components are also discussed.
Description:
We present our high-precision radial velocities and activity
indicators obtained from HARPS-N spectra. There are a total of 106
spectra for XO-2S and 39 spectra for XO-2N, gathered between 2014 and
2023 with typical exposure times of 900s.
Objects:
--------------------------------------------------
RA (2000) DE Designation(s)
--------------------------------------------------
07 48 07.48 +50 13 03.2 XO-2S = TIC 356473029
07 48 06.47 +50 13 32.9 XO-2N = TIC 356473034
--------------------------------------------------
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablea1.dat 38 106 Radial velocities and chromospheric activity
indicator of XO-2S
tablea2.dat 66 39 Radial velocities, chromospheric activity
indicator, and Bisector Inverse Span of XO-2N
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See also:
J/ApJ/770/36 : APOSTLE transits of XO-2 system (Kundurthy+, 2013)
J/ApJ/808/13 : XO-2S and XO-2N chemical composition (Ramirez+, 2015)
J/A+A/575/A111 : GAPS V: Global analysis of the XO-2 system (Damasso+, 2015)
J/A+A/583/A135 : XO-2N and XO-2S spectra (Biazzo+, 2015)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.1 d BJD [56909.7/60040.4] Barycentric Julian Date,
BJD-2400000
9- 15 F7.1 m/s RV Radial Velocity
17- 20 F4.2 m/s e_RV 1-sigma uncertainty in RV
22- 29 F8.6 --- S Chromospheric activity index S-index
31- 38 F8.6 --- e_S 1-sigma uncertainty in S-index
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablea2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 F7.1 d BJD [56998.6/60075.4] Barycentric Julian Date,
BJD-2400000
9- 15 F7.1 m/s RV Radial Velocity
17- 23 F7.4 m/s e_RV 1-sigma uncertainty in RV
25- 32 F8.6 --- S Chromospheric activity index S-index
34- 41 F8.6 --- e_S 1-sigma uncertainty in S-index
43- 55 E13.6 km/s BIS Bisector Inverse Span
57- 66 F10.8 km/s e_BIS 1-sigma uncertainty in BIS
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Acknowledgements:
Alessandro Ruggieri, alessandro.ruggieri.1(at)phd.unipd.it
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(End) Alessandro Ruggieri [Unipd, Italy], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 19-Jan-2024