J/A+A/687/A305 CV eROSITA-enhanced multi-wavelength cat. (Munoz-Giraldo+, 2024)
Cataclysmic variables around the period-bounce:
An eROSITA-enhanced multi-wavelength catalog.
Munoz-Giraldo D., Stelzer B., Schwope A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 687, A305 (2024)>
=2024A&A...687A.305M 2024A&A...687A.305M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, cataclysmic ; Binaries, X-ray ; Stars, white dwarf ;
Photometry, SDSS ; Photometry, infrared ; Ultraviolet
Keywords: catalogs - novae, cataclysmic variables - X-rays: binaries
Abstract:
Cataclysmic variables with degenerate donors which have evolved past
the period minimum, also known as period-bouncers, are predicted to
make up a great portion of the cataclysmic variable population,
between 40% and 70%. However, either due to shortcomings in the models
or due to the intrinsic faintness of these strongly evolved systems,
only a few have been confidently identified so far.
We have compiled a multi-wavelength catalog of period-bouncers and
cataclysmic variables around the period minimum (Porb∼80min) from the
literature in order to provide an in-depth characterization of the
elusive subclass of period- bounce CVs that will help in the
identification of new candidates.
In this study we combine published or archival multi-wavelength data
with new X-ray observations from the all-sky surveys carried out with
the extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA)
onboard the Spektrum- Roentgen-Gamma spacecraft (SRG). We compiled a
scorecard that is able to rate how likely a system is of being a
period-bouncer that, together with X-ray selection cuts established
from the eROSITA detected known period-bouncers, resulted in the
confirmation of 7 systems as new period-bouncers. This brings the
population of confirmed period-bouncers to 24 systems, corresponding
to a ∼40% increase.
Our "scorecard" correctly assigns high scores to the already confirmed
period-bouncers in our literature catalog and it identifies 80
additional strong period-bounce candidates present in the literature
that have not been classified as such. We established two selection
cuts based on the X-ray-to-optical flux ratio (-1.21≤log(Fx/Fopt)≤0)
and the typical X-ray luminosity (log(Lx,bol)≤30.4[erg/s]) observed
from the 8 already confirmed period-bouncers with eROSITA data. These
X-ray selection cuts led to the categorization of 5 systems as new
period-bouncers, increasing their population number to 22 systems.
Our multi-wavelength catalog of cataclysmic variables around the
period minimum compiled from the literature together with X-ray data
from eROSITA resulted in a ∼30% increase in the population of
period-bouncers. Both the catalog and "scorecard" that we constructed
will aid in future searches for new period-bounce candidates with the
goal of resolving the discrepancy between the predicted high number of
period-bouncers and the low number of these systems that have been
observed to date.
Description:
One of our goals in this paper was to establish the X-ray properties
of the class of period-bounce CVs, specifically using new data from
the eROSITA all-sky surveys. We explored the eRASS:3 catalog with a
sample of 17 confirmed period-bouncers and 175 additional candidates
that we compiled from the literature.
We report for each system: name, Gaia ID, J2000 coordinates, system
parameters (orbital period, donor mass, WD temperature, WD mass),
photometry, and points for the individual parameters in the scorecard
as well as the final likelihood of being a period-bouncer.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
tableb2.dat 589 192 Complete catalog of period-bouncers and CVs
around the period minimum
refs.dat 94 99 References
table3.dat 57 192 Scorecard rating a system's likelihood of
being a period-bouncer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
J/A+A/661/A44 : A first eROSITA view of ultracool dwarfs (Stelzer+, 2022)
J/A+A/682/A34 : SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey catalogs (eRASS1) (Merloni+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tableb2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 29 A29 --- System Object name
31- 38 A8 --- --- [Gaia DR3]
40- 58 I19 --- GaiaDR3 ? Gaia ID from data release 3
60- 75 F16.12 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
77- 93 F17.13 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
95-110 F16.14 h Porb ?=- Orbital period of the system
112-129 F18.16 Msun Mdonor1 ?=- Donor mass
131-137 A7 --- Method1 [EM RV GR SED SH/] Method used to determine
the donor mass (1)
139 A1 --- MassRatio1 [x] Donor mass was obtained from a mass ratio
141-158 F18.16 Msun Mdonor2 ?=- Donor mass
160-161 A2 --- Method2 [EM RV SH] Method used to determine the
donor mass (2)
163 A1 --- MassRatio2 [x] Donor mass was obtained from a mass ratio
165-175 A11 --- SpTdonor Donor spectral type
177 A1 --- Method [MPS] Method used to determine the donor
spectral type (2)
179-190 F12.7 pc Dist ?=- Distance to the system (3)
192-200 F9.3 K Twd ?=- White dwarf temperature
202-206 F5.3 Msun Mwd ?=- White dwarf mass
208-209 A2 --- WDmagnet [M M? nM] Magnetism of the white dwarf (4)
211-224 A14 --- Refs Literature references for the system,
in refs.dat file
226-231 F6.3 mag WISE1 ?=- Infrared magnitude in WISE1-band
233-237 F5.3 mag e_WISE1 ?=- Magnitude error in WISE1-band
239-244 F6.3 mag WISE2 ?=- Infrared magnitude in WISE2-band
246-250 F5.3 mag e_WISE2 ?=- Magnitude error in WISE2-band
252-257 F6.3 mag WISE3 ?=- Infrared magnitude in WISE3-band
263-267 F5.3 mag e_WISE3 ?=- Magnitude error in WISE3-band
269-273 F5.3 mag WISE4 ?=- Infrared magnitude in WISE4-band
275-279 F5.3 mag e_WISE4 ?=- Magnitude error in WISE4-band
281-286 F6.3 mag 2MASSJ ?=- Infrared magnitude in 2MASS J-band
288-292 F5.3 mag e_2MASSJ ?=- Magnitude error in 2MASS J-band
294-299 F6.3 mag 2MASSH ?=- Infrared magnitude in 2MASS H-band
301-306 F6.3 mag e_2MASSH ?=- Magnitude error in 2MASS H-band
308-313 F6.3 mag 2MASSK ?=- Infrared magnitude in 2MASS K-band
315-319 F5.3 mag e_2MASSK ?=- Magnitude error in 2MASS K-band
321-326 F6.3 mag UKIDSSY ?=- Infrared magnitude in UKIDSS Y-band
328-332 F5.3 mag e_UKIDSSY ?=- Magnitude error in UKIDSS Y-band
334-339 F6.3 mag UKIDSSJ ?=- Infrared magnitude in UKIDSS J-band
341-345 F5.3 mag e_UKIDSSJ ?=- Magnitude error in UKIDSS J-band
347-352 F6.3 mag UKIDSSH ?=- Infrared magnitude in UKIDSS H-band
354-358 F5.3 mag e_UKIDSSH ?=- Magnitude error in UKIDSS H-band
360-365 F6.3 mag UKIDSSK ?=- Infrared magnitude in UKIDSS K-band
367-371 F5.3 mag e_UKIDSSK ?=- Magnitude error in UKIDSS K-band
373-379 F7.4 mag VHSY ?=- Infrared magnitude in VHS Y-band
381-386 F6.4 mag e_VHSY ?=- Magnitude error in VHS Y-band
388-394 F7.4 mag VHSJ ?=- Infrared magnitude in VHS J-band
396-404 E9.1 mag e_VHSJ ?=- Magnitude error in VHS J-band
406-412 F7.4 mag VHSH ?=- Infrared magnitude in VHS H-band
414-419 F6.4 mag e_VHSH ?=- Magnitude error in VHS H-band
421-427 F7.4 mag VHSKs ?=- Infrared magnitude in VHS Ks-band
429-437 E9.1 mag e_VHSKs ?=- Magnitude error in VHS Ks-band
439-447 F9.6 mag GaiaG ?=- Optical magnitude in Gaia G-band
449-456 F8.6 mag e_GaiaG ?=- Magnitude error in Gaia G-band
458-466 F9.6 mag GaiaBP ?=- Optical magnitude in Gaia BP-band
468-475 F8.6 mag e_GaiaBP ?=- Magnitude error in Gaia BP-band
477-485 F9.6 mag GaiaRP ?=- Optical magnitude in Gaia RP-band
487-494 F8.6 mag e_GaiaRP ?=- Magnitude error in Gaia RP-band
496-501 F6.3 mag SDSSu ?=- Optical magnitude in SDSS u-band
503-507 F5.3 mag e_SDSSu ?=- Magnitude error in SDSS u-band
509-514 F6.3 mag SDSSg ?=- Optical magnitude in SDSS g-band
516-520 F5.3 mag e_SDSSg ?=- Magnitude error in SDSS g-band
522-527 F6.3 mag SDSSr ?=- Optical magnitude in SDSS r-band
529-533 F5.3 mag e_SDSSr ?=- Magnitude error in SDSS r-band
535-540 F6.3 mag SDSSi ?=- Optical magnitude in SDSS i-band
542-546 F5.3 mag e_SDSSi ?=- Magnitude error in SDSS i-band
548-553 F6.3 mag SDSSz ?=- Optical magnitude in SDSS z-band
555-559 F5.3 mag e_SDSSz ?=- Magnitude error in SDSS z-band
561-567 F7.4 mag GALEXFUV ?=- Ultraviolet magnitude in GALEX FUV-band
569-574 F6.4 mag e_GALEXFUV ?=- Magnitude error in GALEX FUV-band
576-582 F7.4 mag GALEXNUV ?=- Ultraviolet magnitude in GALEX NUV-band
584-589 F6.4 mag E_GALEXNUV ?=- Magnitude error in GALEX NUV-band
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Method as follows:
SH = Superhumps
EM = Eclipse modelling
RV = Radial velocity
GR = Gravitational redshift
SED = SED fitting
Note (2): Method as follows:
S = Spectroscopic
P = Photometric
M = Assumed from mass value
Note (3): Taken from Bailer-Jones et al. (2021AJ....161..147B 2021AJ....161..147B, Cat. I/352)
Note (4): Magnetism of the white dwarf as follows:
M = magnetic
M? = magnetic ?
nM = non-magnetic
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference code
4- 22 A19 --- bibCode BibCode
24- 56 A33 --- Aut Authors' name
58- 94 A37 --- Com Comments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 29 A29 --- System Object name
31 I1 --- SpTDonor [0/9]?=- Score for spectral type of donor (1)
33- 35 F3.1 --- MassDonor [0/3]?=- Score for donor mass (2)
37 I1 --- Porb [0/3]?=- Score for orbital period (3)
39 I1 --- TWD [0/3]?=- Score for white dwarf temperature (4)
41 I1 --- VarGaia [0/3]?=- Score for Gaia variability (5)
43 I1 --- GaiaColors [0/3]?=- Score for Gaia colors (6)
45 I1 --- SDSSColors [0/3]?=- Score for SDSS colors (7)
47 I1 --- UVColors [0/3]?=- Score for ultraviolet colors (8)
49 I1 --- IRColors [0/3]?=- Score for infrared colors (9)
51 I1 --- Excess [0/3]?=- Score for infrared excess (10)
53- 57 F5.1 % FinalSocre ?=- Final percentage score
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Spectral type of donor score as follows:
9 = spectroscopic, T/L donor
5 = spectroscopic, M5 or later donor
2 = spectroscopic, Very late donor
7 = non-spectroscopic, T/L donor
3 = spectroscopic, M5 or later donor
1 = spectroscopic, Very late donor
0 = other
Note (2): Donor mass score as follows:
3 = Mdonor ≤ 0.058M☉
1 = 0.058M☉ ≤ Mdonor ≤ 0.07M☉
0 = Mdonor > 0.07M☉
Note (3): Orbital period as follows:
3 = Mdonor ≤ 0.058M☉, for any Prob
2 = Mdonor ≤ 0.07M☉, Prob ≃ 80 min
1 = Mdonor ≤ 0.07M☉, Prob > 85 min
0 = Mdonor ≤ 0.07M☉, Prob > 90 min
1 = Mdonor > 0.07M☉, Prob ≃ 80 min
0 = Mdonor > 0.07M☉, Prob > 85 min
1 = No mass, Prob ≤ 90 min
0 = No mass, Prob > 90 min
Note (4): White dwarf temperature as follows:
3 = Teff ≤ 12500K
1 = 14000K ≤ Teff ≤ 12500K
0 = Teff > 14000K
Note (5): Gaia variability score as follows:
3 = Gvar ≤ 0.2
1 = 0.2 < Gvar ≤ 0.3
0 = Gvar > 0.3
Note (6): Gaia colors score as follows:
3 = In WD locus
2 = Broad WD locus
1 = Halfway to main-sequence
0 = In main-sequence
Note (7): SDSS colors score as follows:
3 = u-g ≤ 0.5, u-g ≥ 1.25(g-r) - 0.1
1 = u-g ≤ 0.5, u-g ≥ 1.25(g-r) - 0.4
0 = other
Note (8): Ultraviolet (GALEX) colors score as follows:
3 = FUV-NUV ≥ 1
1 = 1 > FUV-NUV ≥ 0.25
0 = FUV-NUV < 0.25
Note (9): Infrared colors score as follows:
3 = Brown dwarf or L donor
1 = M donor
0 = Other
Note (10): Infrared excess score as follows:
3 = No excess / After K-band
1 = After J-band
0 = Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgements:
Daniela Munoz Giraldo, munoz-giraldo(at)astro.uni-tuebingen.de
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 20-Jun-2024