J/A+A/689/A46 Physical properties of red supergiants (de Wit+, 2024)
Investigating episodic mass loss in evolved massive stars:
II. Physical properties of red supergiants at subsolar metallicity.
de Wit S., Bonanos A.Z., Antoniadis K., Zapartas E., Ruiz A.,
Britavskiy N., Christodoulou E., De K., Maravelias G., Munoz-Sanchez G.,
Tsopela A.
<Astron. Astrophys. 689, A46 (2024)>
=2024A&A...689A..46D 2024A&A...689A..46D (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, supergiant ; Photometry, infrared ; Photometry, SDSS ;
Effective temperatures ; Abundances ; Stars, diameters
Keywords: stars: atmospheres - stars: fundamental parameters -
stars: late-type - stars: massive - stars: mass-loss -
stars: supergiants
Abstract:
Mass loss during the red supergiant (RSG) phase plays a crucial role
in the evolution of an intermediate massive star, however, the
underlying mechanism remains unknown. We aim to increase the sample of
well-characterized RSGs at subsolar metallicity, by deriving the
physical properties of 127 RSGs in nine nearby, southern galaxies
presented by Bonanos et al. For each RSG, we provide spectral types
and used MARCS atmospheric models to measure stellar properties from
their optical spectra, such as the effective temperature, extinction,
and radial velocity. By fitting the spectral energy distribution, we
obtained the stellar luminosity and radius for 92 RSGs, finding ∼50%
with log(L/L☉)>5.0 and 6 RSGs with R>1400R☉. We also
find a correlation between the stellar luminosity and mid-IR excess of
33 dusty, variable sources. Three of these dusty RSGs have
luminosities exceeding the revised Humphreys-Davidson limit. We then
derive a metallicity-dependent J-Ks color versus temperature relation
from synthetic photometry and two new empirical J-Ks color versus
temperature relations calibrated on literature TiO and J-band
temperatures. To scale our derived, cool TiO temperatures to values in
agreement with the evolutionary tracks, we derive two linear scaling
relations calibrated on J-band and i-band temperatures. We find that
the TiO temperatures are more discrepant as a function of the
mass-loss rate and discuss future prospects of the TiO bands as a
mass-loss probe. Finally, we speculate that 3 hot, dusty RSGs may have
experienced a recent mass ejection (12% of the K-type sample) and
indicate them as candidate Levesque-Massey variables.
Description:
Table 2 contains the photometric datasets, variability properties and
spectral types of all stars in the sample.
Table 3 contains global, surface and extinction properties.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 335 127 Photometric properties and spectral type
of 129 RSGs
table3.dat 129 127 Spectroscopic properties of 129 RSGs
sp/* . 127 Individual spectra
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See also:
I/455 : Gaia DR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)
II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/367 : VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) DR5 (McMahon+, 2020)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
J/ApJS/219/42 : Spitzer point source catalogs in 7 nearby gal. (Khan+, 2015)
J/ApJS/228/5 : Spitzer photometry of ∼1million stars in M31 & 15 gal.
(Khan, 2017)
J/A+A/587/A121 : The IR source catalog of nearby galaxies (Williams+, 2016)
J/A+A/686/A77 : Spectral class. of dusty massive stars (Bonanos+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Source name
15- 29 F15.9 deg RAdeg Right Ascension (J2000)
31- 43 F13.9 deg DEdeg Declination (J2000)
45- 51 F7.3 mag Gmag ? Gaia G-band magnitude
53- 58 F6.3 mag e_Gmag ? Gaia G-band magnitude error
60- 66 F7.3 mag BPmag ? Gaia BP-band magnitude
68- 73 F6.3 mag e_BPmag ? Gaia BP-band magnitude error
75- 81 F7.3 mag RPmag ? Gaia RP-band magnitude
83- 88 F6.3 mag e_RPmag ? Gaia RP-band magnitude error
90- 96 F7.3 mag gPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 g-band magnitude
98-103 F6.3 mag e_gPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 g-band magnitude error
105-111 F7.3 mag rPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 r-band magnitude
113-118 F6.3 mag e_rPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 r-band magnitude error
120-126 F7.3 mag iPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 i-band magnitude
128-133 F6.3 mag e_iPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 i-band magnitude error
135-141 F7.3 mag zPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 z-band magnitude
143-148 F6.3 mag e_zPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 z-band magnitude error
150-156 F7.3 mag yPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 y-band magnitude
158-163 F6.3 mag e_yPSmag ? PanSTARRS DR1 y-band magnitude error
165-171 F7.3 mag J2Mmag ? 2MASS J-band magnitude
173-178 F6.3 mag e_J2Mmag ? 2MASS J-band magnitude error
180-186 F7.3 mag H2Mmag ? 2MASS H-band magnitude
188-193 F6.3 mag e_H2Mmag ? 2MASS H-band magnitude error
195-201 F7.3 mag K2Mmag ? 2MASS K-band magnitude
203-208 F6.3 mag e_K2Mmag ? 2MASS K-band magnitude error
210-216 F7.3 mag JVHSmag ? VHS J-band magnitude
218-223 F6.3 mag e_JVHSmag ? VHS J-band magnitude error
225-231 F7.3 mag KVHSmag ? VHS K-band magnitude
233-238 F6.3 mag e_KVHSmag ? VHS K-band magnitude error
240-245 F6.2 mag 3.6mag ? Spitzer IRAC [3.6] magnitude
247-251 F5.2 mag e_3.6mag ? Spitzer IRAC [3.6] magnitude error
253-258 F6.2 mag 4.5mag ? Spitzer IRAC [4.5] magnitude
260-264 F5.2 mag e_4.5mag ? Spitzer IRAC [4.5] magnitude error
266-271 F6.2 mag 5.8mag ? Spitzer IRAC [5.8] magnitude
273-277 F5.2 mag e_5.8mag ? Spitzer IRAC [5.8] magnitude error
279-284 F6.2 mag 8.0mag ? Spitzer IRAC [8.0] magnitude
286-290 F5.2 mag e_8.0mag ? Spitzer IRAC [8.0] magnitude error
292-297 F6.2 mag 24mag ? Spitzer IRAC [24] magnitude
299-303 F5.2 mag e_24mag ? Spitzer IRAC [24] magnitude error
305-309 A5 --- Type Spectral type (K0-K5, K5-M0, M0-M2, M2-M4)
311-315 F5.3 --- MADW1 Median Absolute Deviation in WISE1
317-335 A19 --- Photbands Multi-epoch photometric bands
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Name Source name
15 I1 --- Flag [0/4]?=- Quality flag for Teff and E(B-V)
value (1)
17- 20 I4 K Teff Effective temperature
22- 25 I4 K e_Teff Lower effective temperature
27- 30 I4 K E_Teff Upper effective temperature
32- 35 F4.2 mag E(B-V) Reddening factor
37- 40 F4.2 mag e_E(B-V) Lower reddening factor
42- 45 F4.2 mag E_E(B-V) ?=- Upper reddening factor
47- 51 F5.2 [Sun] logZ Assumed metallicity
53- 55 I3 km/s RV Radial velocity
58- 61 F4.2 [Lsun] logL ?=- Stellar luminosity
63- 66 F4.2 [Lsun] e_logL ?=- Stellar luminosity error
68- 71 I4 Rsun R ?=- Stellar radius
73- 76 I4 Rsun e_R ?=- Lower stellar radius
78- 81 I4 Rsun E_R ?=- Upper stellar radius
83-129 A47 --- FileName Name of the spectrum file in subdirectory sp
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Note (1): Quality flag as follows:
0 = red and blue TiO bands show slightly discrepant temperatures
1 = fitted by eye
2 = fits not satisfactory after visual inspection
3 = blue excess flux (wavelengths below lambda≤6000Å were discarded)
4 = low signal-to-noise ratio skews the uncertainties to extreme values
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: sp/*
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 18 F18.13 0.1nm lambda Wavelength
20- 33 E14.11 10-18W/m2/nm Flux ?=- Flux (in 1016erg/s/cm2/Å unit)
35- 57 F23.20 10-18W/m2/nm e_Flux ?=- Flux uncertainty
(in 1016erg/s/cm2/Å unit)
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Acknowledgements:
Stephan de Wit, sdewit(at)noa.gr
References:
Bonanos et al., Paper I 2024A&A...686A..77B 2024A&A...686A..77B, Cat. J/A+A/686/A77
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 24-May-2024