J/A+A/689/A81 GLOSTAR GPS. X. Galactic HII region catalog (Khan+, 2024)
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey.
X. Galactic H II region catalog using radio recombination lines.
Khan S., Rugel M.R., Brunthaler A., Menten K.M., Wyrowski F., Urquhart J.S.,
Gong Y., Yang A.Y., Nguyen H., Dokara R., Dzib S.A., Medina X.S.-N.,
Ortiz-Leon G.N., Pandian J.D., Beuther H., Veena V.S., Neupane S.,
Cheema A., Reich W., Roy N.
<Astron. Astrophys. 689, A81 (2024)>
=2024A&A...689A..81K 2024A&A...689A..81K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; H II regions ; Radio continuum ; Interferometry
Keywords: instrumentation: interferometers - catalogs - surveys -
stars: formation - HII regions
Abstract:
Studies of Galactic HII regions are of crucial importance for studying
star formation and the evolution of the interstellar medium. Gaining
an insight into their physical characteristics contributes to a more
comprehensive understanding of these phenomena. The GLOSTAR project
aims to provide a GLObal view on STAR formation in the Milky Way by
performing an unbiased and sensitive survey. This is achieved by using
the extremely wideband (4-8GHz) C-band receiver of the Karl G. Jansky
Very Large Array and the Effelsberg 100m telescope. Using radio
recombination lines observed in the GLOSTAR survey with the VLA in
D-configuration with a typical line sensitivity of
1σ∼3.0mJy/beam at ∼5km/s and an angular resolution of 25, we
cataloged 244 individual Galactic HII regions (-2°≤l≤60° and
|b|≤1° and 76°≤l≤83° and -1°≤b≤2°) and
derived their physical properties. We examined the mid-infrared (MIR)
morphology of these HII regions and find that a significant portion of
them exhibit a bubble-like morphology in the GLIMPSE 8µm emission.
We also searched for associations with the dust continuum and sources
of methanol maser emission, other tracers of young stellar objects,
and find that 48% and 14% of our HII regions, respectively, are
coextensive with those. We measured the electron temperature for a
large sample of HII regions within Galactocentric distances spanning
from 1.6 to 13.1kpc and derived the Galactic electron temperature
gradient as ∼372±28K/kpc with an intercept of 4248±161K, which is
consistent with previous studies.
Description:
the GLOSTAR survey (Brunthaler et al., 2021A&A...651A..85B 2021A&A...651A..85B) is a
survey with the VLA and the Effelsberg 100m telescope between 4-8GHz
of the Galactic mid-plane from -2°<l<60° and |b|<1° and
the Cygnus X starforming complex. The VLA observations used in this
work were conducted in D-configuration. Using methanol, formaldehyde,
and radio recombination lines as well as radio continuum data, the
survey aims to detect various tracers of different stages of early
star formation in order to gain information on the start of the
stellar evolution process of massive stars. The full details can be
found in Brunthaler et al. (2021A&A...651A..85B 2021A&A...651A..85B). We have detected a
total of 244 HII regions in the entire GLOSTAR survey region.
Only the VLAs D-configuration results are shown here.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
tablec1.dat 188 244 GLOSTAR HII region catalog with continuum and
stacked hydrogen radio recombination lines
(RRL) parameters
tablec2.dat 96 244 Physical properties of the GLOSTAR HII regions
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See also:
J/A+A/397/213 : Galactic HII regions (Paladini+, 2003)
J/ApJ/653/1226 : Physical properties of galactic HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)
J/ApJS/165/338 : Radio recombination lines in HII regions (Quireza+, 2006)
J/ApJ/690/706 : Distances of Galactic HII regions (Anderson+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/420/1656 : RMS compact HII regions distances (Urquhart+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/62 : HRDS III. HII region kinematic distances (Anderson+, 2012)
J/A+A/627/A175 : GLOSTAR. Radio Source Catalogue I (Medina+, 2019)
J/A+A/645/A110 : Hypercompact HII regions (Yang+, 2021)
J/A+A/666/A59 : GLOSTAR GPS. 6.7GHz Methanol Maser Catalogue (Nguyen+, 2022)
J/MNRAS/510/3389 : High-mass star formation evolutionary trends
(Urquhart+, 2022)
J/A+A/689/A81 : GLOSTAR GPS. Radio source catalog (Medina+, 2024)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Source name GLLL.lll+B.bbb
17- 47 A31 --- GLOSTAR Name of the corresponding GLOSTAR continuum
source from GLOSTAR VLA-D continuum
source catalog (1)
49- 55 F7.3 deg GLONpeak Galactic longitude of the peak continuum
emission
57- 62 F6.3 deg GLATpeak Galactic latitude of the peak continuum
emission
64- 68 F5.2 Jy/beam Speak Peak continuum flux in 4-8GHz band
70- 78 F9.2 mJy Sc Continuum integrated flux in 4-8GHz band
80- 87 F8.2 mJy e_Sc Error in the continuum integrated flux
89- 95 F7.2 mJy SL Amplitude of stacked radio recombination
line (RRL)
97-102 F6.2 mJy e_SL Error in the amplitude of stacked radio
recombination line (RRL)
104-109 F6.2 km/s deltaV Line width of stacked radio recombination
line (RRL)
111-114 F4.2 km/s e_deltaV Error in the line width of stacked radio
recombination line (RRL)
116-122 F7.2 km/s Vlsr Source LSR velocity derived from the
velocity of peak of stacked radio
recombination line (RRL)
124-127 F4.2 km/s e_Vlsr Error in the source LSR velocity derived
from the velocity of peak of stacked
radio recombination line (RRL)
129-134 F6.2 kpc Dsun ? Distance of the source from the sun
136-140 F5.2 kpc e_Dsun ? Error in the distance of the source from
the sun
142-147 F6.2 kpc RGC ? Galactocentric radius
149-150 A2 --- MorphType Classification of source morphology based on
the Spitzer GLIMPSE 8um emission
(see section 5.1) (2)
152-169 A18 --- ATLASGAL Name of the associated ATLASGAL dust clump
(Urquhart et al., 2014A&A...568A..41U 2014A&A...568A..41U,
Cat. J/A+A/568/A41) (see section 5.2)
171-186 A16 --- CH3OH Name of the associated 6.7GHz class II
methanol maser (Nguyen et al.,
2022A&A...666A..59N 2022A&A...666A..59N, Cat. J/A+A/666/A59)
(see section 5.3)
188 A1 --- Note [*] Candiate Hyper Compact HII region (G1)
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Note (1): Name of the corresponding GLOSTAR continuum source located within
angular separations of 36 arcsec in the GLOSTAR VLA Dconfiguration continuum
source catalog (Medina et al., 2019A&A...627A.175M 2019A&A...627A.175M, Cat. J/A+A/627/A175 and
Medina et al., 2024, A&A, in prep.).
For sources where no crossmatch was found due to contamination from extended
large-scale structures, we provided the name of the nearest HII region in
the SIMBAD database.
Note (2): Classification of source structure as seen in Spitzer GLIMPSE 8um
emission as follows:
B = Bubble: 8 micron emission surrounding 24 micron and
radio continuum emission
BB = Bipolar Bubble: two bubbles connected by a region of strong IR and
radio continuum emission
PB = Partial Bubble: similar to "B" but not complete
IB = Irregular Bubble: similar to "B" but with less well-defined structure
C = Compact: resolved 8 micron emission with no hole in the center
I = Irregular: complex morphology not easily classified
ND = Not Detected; source has no 8 micron emission
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: tablec2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Source name GLLL.lll+B.bbb
17- 22 F6.2 arcsec theta Effective angular diameter of the source
24- 28 F5.2 pc deff ? Effective physical diameter of the source
30- 33 F4.1 10+3K Te Electron temperature of the source
35- 37 F3.1 10+3K e_Te Error in the electron temperature of
the source
39- 44 F6.2 10+5pc/cm6 EM ? Emission measure towards the source
46- 50 F5.2 10+5pc/cm6 e_EM ? Error in the emission measure towards
the source
52- 57 F6.2 10+2cm-3 Ne ? Electron density of the source
59- 63 F5.2 10+2cm-3 e_Ne ? Error in the electron density of
the source
65- 71 F7.2 10+48s-1 Nlyc ? Lyman continuum photon rate of the source
73- 78 F6.2 10+48s-1 e_Nlyc ? Error in the Lyman continuum photon rate
of the source
80- 86 F7.2 Msun MassHII ? Ionized gas mass of the source
88- 94 F7.2 Msun e_MassHII ? Error in the ionized gas mass
of the source
96 A1 --- Note Candiate Hyper Compact HII region (G1)
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Candidate Hyper Compact HII regions are marked by (*),
see section 4.3.2.
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Acknowledgements:
Sarwar Khan, skhan(at)mpifr-bonn.mpg.de
References:
Brunthaler et al., Paper I 2021A&A...651A..85B 2021A&A...651A..85B
Dokara et al., Paper II 2021A&A...651A..86D 2021A&A...651A..86D
Ortiz-Leon et al., Paper III 2021A&A...651A..87O 2021A&A...651A..87O
Nguyen et al., Paper IV 2021A&A...651A..88N 2021A&A...651A..88N
Nguyen et al., Paper V 2022A&A...666A..59N 2022A&A...666A..59N, Cat. J/A+A/666/A59
Dzib et al., Paper VI 2023A&A...670A...9D 2023A&A...670A...9D, Cat. J/A+A/670/A9
Dokara et al. Paper VII 2023A&A...671A.145D 2023A&A...671A.145D
Gong et al., Paper VIII 2023A&A...678A.130G 2023A&A...678A.130G
Yang et al., Paper IX 2023A&A...680A..92Y 2023A&A...680A..92Y, Cat. J/A+A/680/A92
Medina et al., Paper XI 2023A&A...689A..81M 2023A&A...689A..81M, Cat. J/A+A/689/A81
(End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 30-Jul-2024