J/AJ/115/1894       M31A eclipsing binaries and Cepheids          (Stanek+ 1998)
DIRECT distances to nearby galaxies using detached eclipsing binaries and
Cepheids. II. Variables in the field M31A.
       Stanek K.Z., Kaluzny J., Krockenberger M., Sasselov D.D., 
       Tonry J.L., Mateo M.
      <Astron. J. 115, 1894 (1998)>
      =1998AJ....115.1894S 1998AJ....115.1894S      (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Binaries, eclipsing ; Photometry, UBVRI ;
              Stars, diameters
Keywords: binaries: eclipsing - Cepheids - distance scale -
          galaxies: individual (M31) - stars: variables: other
Abstract:
    We have undertaken a long-term project, DIRECT, to obtain the direct
    distances to two important galaxies in the cosmological distance
    ladder, M31 and M33, using detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and
    Cepheids. While rare and difficult to detect, DEBs provide us with the
    potential to determine these distances with an accuracy better than
    5%. The extensive photometry obtained in order to detect DEBs provides
    us with good light curves for the Cepheid variables. These are
    essential to the parallel project to derive direct Baade-Wesselink
    distances to Cepheids in M31 and M33. For both Cepheids and eclipsing
    binaries, the distance estimates will be free of any intermediate
    steps. As a first step in the DIRECT project, between 1996 September
    and 1997 January we obtained 36 full nights on the
    Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT Observatory 1.3m telescope and 45 full/partial
    nights on the F. L. Whipple Observatory 1.2m telescope to search for
    DEBs and new Cepheids in the M31 and M33 galaxies. In this paper,
    second in a series, we present the catalog of variable stars, most of
    them newly detected, found in the field M31A
    [(α,δ)=(11.34°, 41.73°), J2000.0]. We have found
    75 variable stars: 15 eclipsing binaries, 43 Cepheids, and 17 other
    periodic, possible long-period or nonperiodic variables. The catalog
    of variables, as well as their photometry and finding charts, is
    available via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web. The CCD frames are
    available upon request.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  FileName      Lrecl  Records  Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe             80        .  This file
table1.dat         74       15  DIRECT eclipsing binaries in M31A
table2.dat         61       43  DIRECT Cepheids in M31A
table3.dat         62        6  DIRECT other periodic variables in M31A
table4.dat         65       11  DIRECT miscellaneous variables in M31A
table5.dat         33     2019  Light curves of eclipsing binaries in M31A
table6.dat         33     6397  Light curves of Cepheids in M31A
table7.dat         33      840  Light curves of other periodic variables in M31A
table8.dat         33     1624  Light curves of miscellaneous variables in M31A
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
  J/AJ/115/1016 : M31B eclipsing binaries and Cepheids (Kaluzny+ 1998)
  J/AJ/117/2810 : M31C eclipsing binaries and Cepheids (Stanek+, 1999)
  J/AJ/118/346  : M31D eclipsing binaries and Cepheids (Kaluzny+ 1999)
  J/AJ/118/2211 : M31F eclipsing binaries and Cepheids (Mochejska+ 1999)
  J/AJ/122/1383 : DIRECT BVI photometry in M31 (Mochejska+, 2001)
  http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~kstanek/DIRECT : DIRECT Project
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  5  A5    ---     M31A      Name (DIRECT VNNNN M31A in Simbad)
   7- 13  F7.4  deg     RAdeg     Right ascension (J2000.0)
  15- 21  F7.4  deg     DEdeg     Declination (J20000)
  23- 26  F4.2  ---     Js        Variability index (Paper I, eq. (8))
  28- 33  F6.3  d       Per       Period
  35- 39  F5.2  mag     Vmax      Johnson V magnitude at maximum brightness
  41- 45  F5.2  mag     Imax      ? Maximum Cousins I magnitude
  47- 50  F4.2  ---     Rad1      Radius of the primary component (1)
  52- 55  F4.2  ---     Rad2      Radius of the secondary component (1)
  57- 58  I2    deg     i         Inclination angle
  60- 63  F4.2  ---     e         Eccentricity
  65- 74  A10   ---     Com       Comment (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The radii are in units of the orbital separation.
Note (2): V4636 D31A, with period P=8.181 days, is a good detached eclipsing
           binary (DEB) candidate, with significant eccentricity.
          V1555 D31A was found as V6913 D31B in Paper I, with identical period,
           Vmax=20.63 and Imax=20.06.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  5  A5    ---     M31A      Name (DIRECT VNNNN M31A in Simbad)
   7- 13  F7.4  deg     RAdeg     Right ascension (J2000.0)
  15- 21  F7.4  deg     DEdeg     Declination (J2000.0)
  23- 26  F4.2  ---     Js        Variability index
  28- 33  F6.3  d       Per       Period
  35- 39  F5.2  mag            Flux-weighted mean Johnson V magnitude
  41- 45  F5.2  mag            ? Flux-weighted mean Cousins I magnitude
  47- 50  F4.2  mag     Amp       Amplitude of the variation
  52- 61  A10   ---     Com       Comments (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Ma97: Magnier et al., Cat. J/A+AS/126/401, [MAP97] in Simbad
          Variable V2276 D31A (Ma97 108) was found as V7553 D31B in Paper I,
           with period P=9.482 days, =20.93, and =19.77.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  5  A5    ---     M31A      Name (DIRECT VNNNN M31A in Simbad)
   7- 13  F7.4  deg     RAdeg     Right ascension (J2000.0)
  15- 21  F7.4  deg     DEdeg     Declination (J2000.0)
  23- 26  F4.2  ---     Js        Variability index
  28- 32  F5.2  d       Per       ? Period (only in table3.dat)
  34- 38  F5.2  mag     Vbar      Error-weighted mean Johnson V magnitude
  40- 44  F5.2  mag     Ibar      ? Error-weighted mean Cousins I magnitude
  46- 49  F4.2  mag   e_Vmag      Standard deviation in the Johnson V band
  51- 54  F4.2  mag   e_Imag      ? Standard deviation in the Cousins I band
  56- 65  A10   ---     Com       Comments (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Variables V3222, V541 and V11 of table4 where also found in Paper I.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[5678].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Bytes Format Units   Label     Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1-  5  A5    ---     M31A      Name (VNNNN)
       7  A1    ---     Band      [IV] Band
   9- 20  F12.4 d       HJD       Heliocentric Julian date
  22- 27  F6.3  mag     Mag       Magnitude in the band (I or V)
  29- 33  F5.3  mag   e_Mag       rms uncertainty on Mag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History: From AJ electronic version
(End)                           James Marcout, Patricia Bauer [CDS]  12-Aug-1998