J/AJ/133/1560 Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores (Wu+, 2007)
SHARC-II mapping of Spitzer c2d small clouds and cores.
Wu J., Dunham M.M., Evans II N.J., Bourke T.L., Young C.H.
<Astron. J., 133, 1560-1584 (2007)>
=2007AJ....133.1560W 2007AJ....133.1560W
ADC_Keywords: Millimetric/submm sources ; Interstellar medium ; Morphology
Keywords: ISM: clouds - stars: formation - stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs -
submillimeter
Abstract:
We present the results of a submillimeter survey of 53 low-mass dense
cores with the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera II
(SHARC-II). The survey is a follow-up project to the Spitzer Legacy
Program "From Molecular Cores to Planet-Forming Disks," with the
purpose of creating a complete data set of nearby low-mass dense cores
from the infrared to the millimeter. We present maps of 52 cores at
350um and three cores at 450um, two of which were observed at both
wavelengths. Of these 52 cores, 41 were detected by SHARC-II; 32
contained one submillimeter source, while 9 contained multiple
sources. For each submillimeter source detected, we report various
source properties including source position, fluxes in various
apertures, size, aspect ratio, and position angle.
Description:
Observations were conducted in 2003 May and September, 2004 June and
September, and 2005 March, June, and November at the CSO.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 95 55 Observing Information
table5.dat 106 70 Source Properties
table6.dat 49 47 Source Properties derived from Nyquist binned maps
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Core identification (1)
17- 34 A18 --- OName Other name (s)
36- 37 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) of map center
39- 40 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) of map center
42- 45 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000) of map center
47 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000) of map center
48- 49 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000) of map center
51- 52 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000) of map center
54- 57 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) of map center
59- 61 I3 pc Dist Distance
63- 64 I2 --- r_Dist The Dist reference (2)
66- 72 A7 --- Proj Project from which Name was selected (3)
74- 83 A10 --- Obs.Date Observation date (MM/YYYY or MM,MM/YYYY)
85- 87 I3 mJy Noise The 1σ noise in units of mJy/beam
89- 95 E7.3 solMass sigM Distance-independent 1σ map sensitivity
in units of solar Masses per beam
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Note (1): A core with superscript "450" indicates that the map of that core
was observed at 450µm; other cores were observed at 350µm.
Note (2): References as follows:
1 = Enoch et al. (2006, Cat. J/ApJ/638/293)
2 = Kenyon, Dobrzycka, & Hartmann (1994AJ....108.1872K 1994AJ....108.1872K)
3 = Murdin & Penston (1977MNRAS.181..657M 1977MNRAS.181..657M)
4 = Herbst (1975AJ.....80..212H 1975AJ.....80..212H)
5 = Woermann, Gaylard, & Otrupcek (2001MNRAS.325.1213W 2001MNRAS.325.1213W)
6 = Franco (1989A&A...223..313F 1989A&A...223..313F)
7 = de Geus et al. (1989A&A...216...44D 1989A&A...216...44D)
8 = Straizys et al. (2003A&A...405..585S 2003A&A...405..585S)
9 = Straizys et al. (1996BaltA...5..125S 1996BaltA...5..125S)
10 = Goldsmith et al. (1984ApJ...286..599G 1984ApJ...286..599G)
11 = Herbig & Jones (1983AJ.....88.1040H 1983AJ.....88.1040H)
12 = Kawamura et al. (2001PASJ...53.1097K 2001PASJ...53.1097K)
13 = Straizys et al. (1992BaltA...1..149S 1992BaltA...1..149S)
14 = Dobashi et al. (1994, Cat. J/ApJS/95/419)
15 = Kun (1998, Cat. J/ApJS/115/59)
16 = Pagani & Breart de Boisanger (1996A&A...312..989P 1996A&A...312..989P)
17 = Yonekura et al. (1997, Cat. J/ApJS/110/21)
18 = Kun & Prusti (1993, Cat. J/A+A/272/235)
Note (3): Project abbreviations:
Per = Observed in Perseus c2d cloud map
IRS = Observed in c2d IRS program
c2d = Observed in cores c2d program
Oth = Selected for SHARC-II observations for other reasons
c2d+ = Observed in c2d-related GO program
GTO = Observed in GTO observations
exc = Originally part of c2d cores program but cut from final target list
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (1)
17- 19 A3 --- n_Name Individual notes on the source (2)
21- 22 I2 h RAh ? Barycenter Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
24- 25 I2 min RAm ? Barycenter Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
27- 31 F5.2 s RAs ? Barycenter Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
33 A1 --- DE- Barycenter Sign of the Declination (J2000)
34- 35 I2 deg DEd ? Barycenter Degree of Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 arcmin DEm ? Barycenter Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
40- 43 F4.1 arcsec DEs ? Barycenter Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
45 A1 --- l_S20" The 3σ upper limit flag on S20"
46- 50 F5.2 Jy S20" ? The 20" diameter aperture flux density
at 350um (4) (3)
52- 55 F4.2 Jy e_S20" ? The 1σ uncertainty in S20"
56 A1 --- l_S40" The 3σ upper limit flag on S40"
57- 61 F5.2 Jy S40" ? The 40" diameter aperture flux density
at 350um (4) (3)
63- 65 F3.1 Jy e_S40" ? The 1σ uncertainty in S40"
67- 68 I2 h RAp.h ? Peak Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
70- 71 I2 min RAp.m ? Peak Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
73- 77 F5.2 s RAp.s ? Peak Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
79 A1 --- DEp.- ? Peak Sign of the Declination (J2000)
80- 81 I2 deg DEp.d ? Peak Degree of Declination (J2000)
83- 84 I2 arcmin DEp.m ? Peak Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
86- 89 F4.1 arcsec DEp.s ? Peak Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
91- 93 F3.1 arcsec DpB ? Distance between peak and Barycenter
positions
95- 98 F4.1 Jy Spk ? Peak flux at 350um in units of Jy/beam (4)
100-102 F3.1 Jy e_Spk ? Uncertainty in PFlux in units of Jy/beam
104 A1 --- SST Spitzer candidate? (5)
106 A1 --- f_SST Individual notes on Spitzer detections (6)
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Note (1): Submillimeter sources detected with SHARC-II. For cores with one
source detected, the source name is simply the core name from Table 1.
For cores with multiple sources detected, each source is named
individually, and we note which core a source is located in when it is
not obvious. We also include cores with no sources detected and give
upper limits for those nondetections. A "450" superscript indicates
that the source is located in a core mapped at 450 microns, otherwise
the source is located in a core mapped at 350 microns.
Note (2): Flags as follows:
g = Confirmed VeLLO (Very Low Luminosity Object)
h = Covered in the map of IRAM 04191+1522
i = Covered in the map of B18-4
j = Candidate VeLLO (Very Low Luminosity Object)
k = The map of DC255.4-3.9 covers the positions of three objects
classified as candidate VeLLOs based on Spitzer data. The lack
of a 350 micron detection suggests these candidates are not
truly embedded objects (see discussion in Section 5).
m = The SHARC-II map does not cover the entire B59 core; the observed
350 micron peak is most likely associated with B59-MMS1
(Reipurth et al. 1996A&A...314..258R 1996A&A...314..258R;
Brooke et al. 2007ApJ...655..364B 2007ApJ...655..364B).
Note (3): For IRAS 03301+3111, IRAS 03439+3233, EC74, EC88, and L1152-2, we
do not present flux densities in 40" apertures because the emission is
compact enough to be fully contained in 20" apertures. For B35A-SMM2,
B35A-SMM3, L328-SMM2, and L328-SMM3, we do not present flux densities
in 40" apertures because there are nearby sources that overlap in
apertures of this size. For IRAS 04191+1523, we do not present a flux
density in a 40" aperture because the source is located too close to
the edge of the map.
Note (4): For L507450, L483450 and L673-7450, 450um flux.
Note (5): Spitzer candidate flag as follows:
Y = Spitzer detects a candidate Young Stellar Object within 10" of
the submillimeter source
N = There is no Spitzer source (see Section 4.5)
U = Spitzer data is unavailable
Note (6): Flag as follows:
e = There is no candidate YSO detected by Spitzer within 10", but
there is one 11.9" away. The 350 micron map suggests L1455-IRS2
may in fact be comprised of two separate submillimeter sources,
and although they are not well-resolved enough to present them
as two separate sources, the Spitzer source is coincident with
the western sub-structure. See text for further discussion.
f = HH211-MM is associated with an embedded object detected by
Spitzer only at 70 microns, thus a "Y" is present even though
it is not detected at wavelengths shortward than and including
24 microns, and thus not classified as a candidate YSO as
defined in Section 4.5.
l = There is an object detected by Spitzer, located ∼9" from
L43-SMM3, that has 4.5 and 8.0 micron fluxes consistent with
being a candidate YSO based on the criteria given in Section
4.5. However, it is not detected by Spitzer at 24 or 70 micron,
thus it is unlikely to be an embedded YSO.
n = There are Spitzer sources within 10" of each source that appear
to be embedded protostars even though they do not meet the
criteria for candidate YSOs as described in the text (see text
for discussion).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 15 A15 --- Name Source name (1)
17- 18 I2 arcsec MajAxis ? Major axis (FWHM)
20- 21 I2 arcsec MinAxis ? Minor axis (FWHM)
23- 26 F4.2 --- a/b ? aspect ratio (FWHM)
28- 32 F5.1 deg PA [-90/90]? position angle (FWHM)
34- 35 I2 arcsec MajAxis2 ? The 2σ level major axis FWHM
37- 38 I2 arcsec MinAxis2 ? The 2σ level minor axis FWHM
40- 43 F4.2 --- a/b2 ? The 2σ level FWHM aspect ratio
45- 49 F5.1 deg PA2 [-90/90]? The 2σ level FWHM position angle
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Note (1): A source with superscript "450" indicates that the source is
located in a core mapped at 450 microns.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Patricia Vannier [CDS] 19-Feb-2009