J/AJ/143/137 Minima of 41 eclipsing binaries from a Kepler survey (Gies+, 2012)
A search for hierarchical triples using Kepler eclipse timing.
Gies D.R., Williams S.J., Matson R.A., Guo Z., Thomas S.M., Orosz J.A.,
Peters G.J.
<Astron. J., 143, 137 (2012)>
=2012AJ....143..137G 2012AJ....143..137G
ADC_Keywords: Stars, variable ; Binaries, eclipsing
Keywords: binaries: eclipsing - stars: formation - starspots -
stars: variables: general
Abstract:
We present the first results of a Kepler survey of 41 eclipsing
binaries that we undertook to search for third star companions. Such
tertiaries will periodically alter the eclipse timings through light
travel time and dynamical effects. We discuss the prevalence of
starspots and pulsation among these binaries and how these phenomena
influence the eclipse times. There is no evidence of short-period
companions (P<700days) among this sample, but we do find evidence
for long-term timing variations in 14 targets (34%). We argue that
this finding is consistent with the presence of tertiary companions
among a significant fraction of the targets, especially if many have
orbits measured in decades. This result supports the idea that the
formation of close binaries involves the deposition of angular
momentum into the orbital motion of a third star.
Description:
We began this project in a Cycle 1 Guest Observer program on 20
targets, and we enlarged the sample to 40 and 41 systems in Cycles 2
and 3, respectively. The 41 binaries were selected from the All Sky
Automated Survey Kepler Field of View study (Pigulski et al., 2009,
Cat. J/AcA/59/33), the HATNET survey (Hartman et al., 2004, Cat.
J/AJ/128/1761), the Vulcan survey (Borucki et al.,
2001PASP..113..439B 2001PASP..113..439B; Mjaseth et al., 2007AAS...210.0307M 2007AAS...210.0307M), and early
Kepler results (Prsa et al., 2011, Cat. J/AJ/141/83, obsoleted by
Slawson et al., 2011, Cat. J/AJ/142/160).
We obtained all the long cadence, light curve data available through
Quarter 9 of the Kepler mission (2009.3-2011.5). We used the Simple
Aperture Photometry product.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 92 82 Eclipsing binary properties
table2.dat 38 27056 O-C eclipse timing measurements
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See also:
B/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2010)
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
V/118 : Catalog of eclipsing binaries parameters (Perevozkina+, 1999)
J/other/Nat/481.475 : RVs of Kepler-34b & Kepler-35b (Welsh+, 2012)
J/A+A/529/A89 : Kepler satellite variability study (Debosscher+, 2011)
J/A+A/534/A125 : Variability of A- and F-stars from Kepler (Uytterhoeven+ 2011)
J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. 2165 eclipsing binaries (Slawson+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/83 : Eclipsing binaries in Kepler first data release (Prsa+, 2011)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/405/1930 : Period changes of EA, EB and EW-types binaries (Liao+, 2010
J/AcA/59/33 : ASAS. Variable stars catalog in Kepler field. (Pigulski+, 2009)
J/AJ/135/850 : Properties of eclipsing binaries found in TrES (Devor+, 2008)
J/A+A/450/681 : Companions to close spectroscopic binaries (Tokovinin+, 2006)
J/AJ/131/2986 : Multiplicity of contact binaries (Pribulla+, 2006)
J/AcA/54/207 : Ephemerids of eclipsing binaries (Kreiner, 2004)
J/AJ/128/1761 : HATNET variability survey (Hartman+, 2004)
http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/ : Online Kepler eclipsing binary catalog
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog number (Cat. V/133)
9 A1 --- n_KIC [PS] Type of eclipse (P=primary or S=secondary)
11- 15 F5.1 s Ierr Average timing error (internal error)
17- 21 F5.1 s Eerr Standard deviation of the O-C times
(external error)
23- 31 F9.7 d Per ? Adopted period
33- 44 F12.6 d T0 Epoch (BJD-2400000) of the mid-eclipse that
defines the zero-point for the O-C residual
46- 49 I4 10-6d e_T0 Uncertainty in T (in the last digit quoted)
51- 61 F11.9 d P Period (that yields a zero slope in O-C diagram)
63- 67 I5 10-9d e_P Uncertainty in P (in the last digit quoted)
69- 75 F7.3 10-6/yr Pvar Relative period variation rate Pdot/P (derived
from a weighted, quadratic fit of the observed
minus calculated eclipse times trend)
76- 80 I5 10-9/yr e_Pvar Uncertainty in PVar (in the last digit quoted)
82- 88 A7 --- Com Comment (about the character of the
O-C diagram) (1)
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Note (1): Comment as follows:
A = eclipse timing variations due only to the tidal apsidal advance
(see Section 3);
P = binary displaying pulsation (see Section 3);
Q = systematic differences between the data quarters (see Section 2
and Appendix);
S = system with spot activity (see Section 3);
T = candidate tertiary (see Section 3 and Appendix).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 8 I8 --- KIC Kepler Input Catalog number (Cat. V/133)
10- 20 F11.5 d TE Ephemeris time of eclipse TE; BJD-2400000
23 I1 --- Type [1/2] Eclipse type (1=primary, 2=secondary)
25- 31 F7.1 s O-C Observed minus calculated time of eclipse
33- 38 F6.1 s e_O-C Uncertainty in O-C
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 09-Jul-2013