J/AJ/143/93 Rotational velocities in early-M stars (Reiners+, 2012)
A catalog of rotation and activity in early-M stars.
Reiners A., Joshi N., Goldman B.
<Astron. J., 143, 93 (2012)>
=2012AJ....143...93R 2012AJ....143...93R
ADC_Keywords: Stars, dwarfs ; Stars, M-type ; Rotational velocities ;
Spectral types
Keywords: stars: activity - stars: low-mass - stars: rotation
Abstract:
We present a catalog of rotation and chromospheric activity in a
sample of 334 M dwarfs of spectral types M0-M4.5 populating the
parameter space around the boundary to full convection. We obtain
high-resolution optical spectra for 206 targets and determine
projected rotational velocity, vsin i, and Hα emission. The data
are combined with measurements of vsin i in field stars of the same
spectral type from the literature. Our sample adds 157 new rotation
measurements to the existing literature and almost doubles the sample
of available vsin i. The final sample provides a statistically
meaningful picture of rotation and activity at the transition to full
convection in the solar neighborhood. Finally, we compare projected
rotational velocities of 33 stars to rotational periods derived from
photometry in the literature and determine inclinations for a few of
them.
Description:
Our observations were carried out with the FOCES echelle spectrograph
(operated at a spectral resolving power of ∼40000) at the 2.2m
telescope at CAHA (Calar Alto) in 2005 and with the FEROS spectrograph
(with a spectral resolution of ∼48000) at the ESO/MPG 2.2m telescope
at La Silla in 2006. We obtain new high-resolution optical spectra for
206 M dwarfs and determine projected rotational velocity, vsini, and
Hα emission.
In order to provide a comprehensive collection of currently available
information on rotation velocities and activity in early-M dwarfs, we
created a catalog of results from high-resolution spectra merging our
results with catalogs published earlier and available in the
literature (Marcy & Chen, 1992ApJ...390..550M 1992ApJ...390..550M; Delfosse et al., 1998,
Cat. J/A+A/331/581; Reiners, 2007A&A...467..259R 2007A&A...467..259R; Reiners & Basri,
2007ApJ...656.1121R 2007ApJ...656.1121R; Jenkins et al., 2009, Cat. J/ApJ/704/975;
Browning et al., 2010AJ....139..504B 2010AJ....139..504B ).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 58 334 Catalog of rotation and activity in
334 M0-M4.5 stars
table5.dat 71 103 Stars with rotation measurements from different
sources
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See also:
III/244 : Catalog of Stellar Rotational Velocities (Glebocki+ 2005)
III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)
J/A+A/541/A9 : M dwarfs activity & radial velocity (Gomes da Silva+, 2012)
J/A+A/531/A8 : Activity indexes & velocities for 890 stars (Jenkins+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/407/1657 : Rotation velocities of dwarf M stars (Houdebine, 2010)
J/ApJ/704/975 : Rotational velocities for M dwarfs (Jenkins+, 2009)
J/MNRAS/390/56 : Magnetic field and velocity of mid M dwarfs (Morin+, 2008)
J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)
J/AJ/129/2428 : M dwarf-white dwarf binary systems (Silvestri+, 2005)
J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)
J/AJ/123/3356 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopy. III. (Gizis+, 2002)
J/A+A/331/581 : Rotation and activity in field M dwarfs (Delfosse+ 1998)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Star name
14- 15 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
17- 18 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
20- 23 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
25 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
29- 30 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
32- 33 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
35- 38 A4 --- SpT MK spectral type (1)
41 A1 --- l_logLr Limit flag on logLr (2)
43- 47 F5.2 [-] logLr ? log(LHα/Lbol) ratio (2)
48 A1 --- f_logLr [*] Hα in absorption (4)
51 A1 --- l_vsini Limit flag on vsini
53- 56 F4.1 km/s vsini [1/55.5] Projected rotational velocity (5)
58 I1 --- Ref [1/7] Reference (6)
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Note (1): From Reid et al. (1997, Cat. III/198).
Note (2): Delfosse et al. (1998, Cat. J/A+A/331/581) and Browning et al.
(2010AJ....139..504B 2010AJ....139..504B) included values of logL(Hα) to bolometric
luminosities ratio in their tables, and we included their results in
our catalog. Marcy and Chen (1992ApJ...390..550M 1992ApJ...390..550M) did not provide
information on Hα emission.
Jenkins et al. (2009, Cat. J/ApJ/704/975) provided only information on
whether Hα was detected, and whether they found Hα in
absorption in their spectra. If no Hα was detected at all, we
calculated upper limits for the stars assuming similar detection
thresholds as for our data (see Section 4.1) because the data quality
is similar.
Note (4): * = Hα in absorption according to Jenkins et al. (2009,
Cat. J/ApJ/704/975). We treated these stars as inactive.
Note (5): Values of vsin(i) are derived with the cross-correlation
technique (Tonry & Davis, 1979AJ.....84.1511T 1979AJ.....84.1511T; Basri et al.,
2000ApJ...538..363B 2000ApJ...538..363B). See Section 3.1 and 4.2 for more details.
Note (6): Reference as follows:
1 = This paper (Reiners et al., 2012, Cat. J/AJ/143/93);
2 = Browning et al., 2010AJ....139..504B 2010AJ....139..504B;
3 = Marcy and Chen, 1992ApJ...390..550M 1992ApJ...390..550M;
4 = Reiners, 2007ApJ...656.1121R 2007ApJ...656.1121R;
5 = Delfosse et al., 1998, Cat. J/A+A/331/581;
6 = Jenkins et al., 2009, Cat. J/ApJ/704/975;
7 = Reiners and Basri, 2007ApJ...656.1121R 2007ApJ...656.1121R.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 12 A12 --- Name Star name
14- 17 A4 --- SpT MK spectral type
19 A1 --- l_vsini0 Limit flag on vsini0 (1)
21- 24 F4.1 km/s vsini0 ? This paper's projected rotational velocity
26 A1 --- l_vsini1 Limit flag on vsini1 (2)
28- 31 F4.1 km/s vsini1 ? Delfosse et al. (1998, Cat. J/A+A/331/581)
projected rotational velocity
35- 37 F3.1 km/s vsini2 ? Jenkins et al. (2009, Cat. J/ApJ/704/975)
projected rotational velocity (3)
39 A1 --- l_vsini3 Limit flag on vsini3 (4)
41- 44 F4.1 km/s vsini3 ? Marcy & Chen (1992ApJ...390..550M 1992ApJ...390..550M) projected
rotational velocity
48- 50 F3.1 km/s vsini4 ? Reiners (2007ApJ...656.1121R 2007ApJ...656.1121R) projected
rotational velocity (5)
52 A1 --- l_vsini5 Limit flag on vsini5 (6)
54- 57 F4.1 km/s vsini5 ? Reiners & Basri (2007ApJ...656.1121R 2007ApJ...656.1121R)
projected rotational velocity
59 A1 --- l_vsini6 Limit flag on vsini6 (7)
61- 64 F4.1 km/s vsini6 ? Browning et al. (2010AJ....139..504B 2010AJ....139..504B)
projected rotational velocity
66 A1 --- l_vsini Limit flag on vsiniA
68- 71 F4.1 km/s vsini Adopted projected rotational velocity (8)
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Note (1): Detection thresholds for our new measurements with the FOCES
spectrograph are estimated at 4km/s (Resolution=40000) and at 3km/s
(Resolution=48000) for the FEROS spectrograph (see section 4.2).
Note (2): We adopt a detection limit of vsin i of 2km/s (Resolution=42000)
(see section 5.3).
Note (3): Jenkins et al. (2009, Cat. J/ApJ/704/975) did not quote a general
detection threshold in vsin i. Using spectra at a spectral resolving
power of R=37000, they determined individual upper limits as well as
many detections at the vsin i=3km/s level. We adopt these values
(see section 5.3).
Note (4): We adopt a detection limit of vsin i of 3km/s (Resolution=40000)
(see section 5.3).
Note (5): Reiners (2007ApJ...656.1121R 2007ApJ...656.1121R) used extremely high-resolution data
(Resolution∼200000), estimating a detection limit of vsin i of 1km/s
(see section 5.3).
Note (6): Detection limit of vsini of 3km/s (Resolution=31000). See section 5.3.
Note (7): Detection limit of vsini of 2.5km/s (Resolution=45000-60000)
See section 5.3.
Note (8): Several stars are contained in more than one of the considered works.
Individual measurements may differ because spectral appearance can
change with chromospheric variability or different authors used
different spectral lines in their analysis that are sensitive to
chromospheric activity. Preference was given to the vsin i data from
the work done with the highest spectral resolution.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 29-May-2013