J/AJ/145/77 Imaging and spectroscopy in three galaxy clusters (Jorgensen+, 2013)
Stellar populations and evolution of early-type cluster galaxies: constraints
from optical imaging and spectroscopy of z=0.5-0.9 galaxy clusters.
Jorgensen I., Chiboucas K.
<Astron. J., 145, 77 (2013)>
=2013AJ....145...77J 2013AJ....145...77J
ADC_Keywords: Clusters, galaxy ; Galaxies, spectra ; Photometry, ugriz ;
Velocity dispersion ; Redshifts ; Photometry, HST
Keywords:galaxies: evolution - galaxies: stellar content -
galaxies: clusters: individual (MS0451.6-0305,RXJ0152.7-1357,RXJ1226.9+3332)
Abstract:
We present an analysis of stellar populations and evolutionary history
of galaxies in three similarly rich galaxy clusters MS0451.6-0305
(z=0.54), RXJ0152.7-1357 (z=0.83), and RXJ1226.9+3332 (z=0.89). Our
analysis is based on high signal-to-noise ground-based optical
spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imaging for a total of 17-34
members in each cluster. Using the dynamical masses together with the
effective radii and the velocity dispersions, we find no indication of
evolution of sizes or velocity dispersions with redshift at a given
galaxy mass. We establish the Fundamental Plane (FP) and scaling
relations between absorption line indices and velocity dispersions. We
confirm that the FP is steeper at z∼0.86 compared to the low-redshift
FP, indicating that under the assumption of passive evolution the
formation redshift, zform, depends on the galaxy velocity dispersion
(or alternatively mass). At a velocity dispersion of σ=125km/s
(Mass=1010.55M☉) we find zform=1.24±0.05, while at
σ=225km/s (Mass=1011.36M☉) the formation redshift is
zform=1.95+0.3-0.2, for a Salpeter initial mass function. The
three clusters follow similar scaling relations between absorption
line indices and velocity dispersions as those found for low-redshift
galaxies. The zero point offsets for the Balmer lines depend on
cluster redshifts. However, the offsets indicate a slower evolution,
and therefore higher formation redshift, than the zero point
differences found from the FP, if interpreting the data using a
passive evolution model. Specifically, the strength of the higher
order Balmer lines Hδ and Hγ implies zform>2.8. The
scaling relations for the metal indices in general show small and in
some cases insignificant zero point offsets, favoring high formation
redshifts for a passive evolution model.
Description:
Imaging and spectroscopy of the three clusters (MS0451.6-0305,
RXJ0152.7-1357, RXJ1226.9+3332) were obtained for the GCP (our
"Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project") with the Gemini Multi-Object
Spectrograph on Gemini North (GMOS-N). Images were taken with three
E2V 2048*4608 CCDs. The field of view was 5.5'*5.5'. The filters
g'r'i'z' were used and the wavelength was from 5000 to 10000Å. See
Hook et al. (2004PASP..116..425H 2004PASP..116..425H) for a detailed description of
GMOS-N. The Gemini program IDs and observing dates are given in
Table3. The observations are summarized in Tables 4 and 5. The details
of the observations of RXJ0152.7-1357 are given in Jorgensen et al.
(2005AJ....129.1249J 2005AJ....129.1249J). However, for completeness this cluster is also
included in the summary tables in the current paper, with the data
reproduced from Jorgensen et al. All programs executed in Director's
Discretionary time or in the usual queue were obtained specifically
for GCP. These data and the data obtained in engineering time are in
the following referred to as the "GCP data". In addition, we use
public spectroscopic data for RXJ1226.9+3332 from programs
GN-2003A-C-1 and GN-2004A-C-8 available from the Gemini Science
Archive (GSA); see Table3. These data are referred to as the "GSA
data". The imaging data from these programs were not used in the
present paper. The three clusters have publicly available data
obtained with HST/ACS. Table7 summarizes the data used in this paper.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 85 10 GMOS-N observations
table4.dat 110 10 GMOS-N imaging data
table5.dat 101 5 GMOS-N spectroscopic data
table7.dat 32 3 HST/ACS imaging data
table13.dat 73 70 MS0451.6-0305: GMOS-N photometric data for the
spectroscopic sample
table14.dat 73 119 RXJ1226.9+3332: GMOS-N photometric data for the
spectroscopic sample
table15.dat 58 70 MS0451.6-0305: photometric parameters from
HST/ACS data in F814W
table21.dat 59 70 MS0451.6-0305: results from template fitting
table22.dat 178 56 MS0451.6-0305: line indices and EW[OII] for
cluster members
table23.dat 59 119 RXJ1226.9+3332: results from template fitting
table24.dat 178 104 RXJ1226.9+3332: line indices and EW[OII] for
cluster members
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See also:
V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/725/1252 : Confirmed members of RX J0152.7-1357 (Demarco+, 2010)
J/ApJ/724/714 : Velocity dispersions of MS1054-03 & Coma gal. (Holden+, 2010)
J/ApJS/184/271 : Photometry of galaxies in 3 clusters (Chiboucas+, 2009)
J/ApJ/671/1503 : Cl 0024+16 and MS 0451-03 spectrophotometry (Moran+, 2007)
J/ApJ/665/1067 : Velocities in Cl 0024+16 and MS 0451-03 (Moran+, 2007)
J/AJ/130/445 : X-ray-luminous galaxy cluster RX J0142.0+2131 Barr+, 2005)
J/AJ/127/2455 : Gemini Deep Deep Survey (GDDS) (Abraham+, 2004)
J/ApJ/498/195 : Spectroscopic survey of CL 1358+62 (Fisher+ 1998)
J/MNRAS/273/1097 : CCD photometry for E and S0 galaxies (Jorgensen+ 1995)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Cluster Cluster name
16- 29 A14 --- Program Program identifier
31- 59 A29 --- Date UT date
61- 72 A12 --- DType Data type
74 A1 --- f_PType [a] Director's Discretionary time
75- 85 A11 --- PType Program type
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Cluster Cluster name
16- 43 A28 --- Program Program identifier(s)
45- 46 A2 --- Filt Filter used (g', r', i', or z')
48- 49 I2 --- N1 Number of exposure
51- 53 I3 s Exp1 Exposure time
55- 74 A20 --- n_Exp1 Note on exposure
76- 78 I3 --- N2 ? Number of exposure
80- 82 I3 s Exp2 ? Exposure time
84- 93 A10 --- n_Exp2 Note on exposure
95- 98 F4.2 arcsec FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum (1)
100-104 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 SB Sky brightness
106-110 F5.3 mag Ag Galactic extinction
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Image quality measured as the average FWHM of 7-10 stars in the field
from the final stacked images.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Cluster Cluster name
16- 42 A27 --- Program Program identifier(s)
44- 48 I5 s Exp1 Exposure time
49 A1 --- --- [+]
50- 54 I5 s Exp2 ? Second exposure time
56- 57 I2 --- N Number of individual exposures
58 A1 --- f_N [f] A fifth exposure was taken but contains no
significant signal from the science targets
60- 63 F4.2 arcsec FWHM Full Width at Half Maximum (1)
65- 69 F5.3 0.1nm Res Median instrumental resolution; in Å (2)
71- 73 I3 km/s Res2 The equivalent resolution in km/s at 4300Å
in the rest frame of the clusters
75- 78 F4.2 arcsec Width Slit width (3)
79 A1 --- --- [*]
80- 83 F4.2 arcsec Length Extraction length (3)
85- 88 F4.2 arcsec Rad Radius in an equivalent circular aperture (4)
90- 93 F4.2 arcsec Length0 Slit length (beginning)
94 A1 --- --- [-]
95- 98 F4.1 arcsec Length1 ? Slit length (end)
100-101 I2 --- S/N Signal-to-noise ratio (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Image quality measured as the average FWHM at 8000Å of either the
blue stars included in the masks (GN-2002B-DD-4, GN-2002B-Q-29,
GN-2003B-DD-3, GN-2003B-Q-21, and GN-2004A-Q-45) or of the QSOs/AGNs
included in the masks (GN-2004A-C-8). For GN-2003A-C-1, the FWHM is
measured at 7930Å from the one QSO included in the mask.
Note (2): Derived as σ in Gaussian fits to the skylines of the stacked
spectra.
Note (3): Width*Length=The rectangular extraction aperture.
Note (4): Rad=1.025(Length*Width/π)1/2 (cf. Jorgensen et al.,
1995MNRAS.276.1341J 1995MNRAS.276.1341J).
Note (5): Median S/N per Å in the rest frame of the cluster.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 14 A14 --- Cluster Cluster name
16 I1 --- N Number of fields
18- 22 A5 --- Filt Filter (F814W, F775W, or F814W)
24- 27 I4 s Exp Total exposure time
29- 32 I4 --- Program Program identifier (9836, 9290, or 9033)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1[34].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Galaxy [12/3906] Galaxy ID number
5 A1 --- f_Galaxy [b] Listed at the same position as the galaxies
are superimposed, as seen by two overlapping
spectra in the slit (only for Table14)
7- 8 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
10- 11 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
13- 17 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)
19 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination
20- 21 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000) (G1)
23- 24 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (G1)
26- 29 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (G1)
31- 35 F5.2 mag g'mag ? SDSS g'-band total magnitude (only for
Table13) (G2)
37- 41 F5.2 mag r'mag SDSS r'-band total magnitude (G2)
43- 47 F5.2 mag i'mag SDSS i'-band total magnitude (G2)
49- 53 F5.2 mag z'mag SDSS z'-band total magnitude (G2)
55- 59 F5.3 mag g'-r' ? SDSS g'-r' color index (only for Table13) (G2)
61- 66 F6.3 mag r'-i' SDSS r'-i' color index (G2)
68- 73 F6.3 mag i'-z' SDSS i'-z' color index (G2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table15.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Galaxy [12/3906] Galaxy ID number
6- 10 F5.2 mag mag1 Total magnitude mtot,dev (1)
12- 17 F6.3 [arcsec] Reff1 Log of the effective radius logre,dev (1)
19- 23 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 Mean surface brightness within the
effective radius <µ>e,dev (1)
25- 29 F5.2 mag mag2 Total magnitude mtot,ser (2)
31- 36 F6.3 [arcsec] Reff2 Log of the effective radius logre,ser (2)
38- 42 F5.2 mag/arcsec2 Mean surface brightness within the
effective radius <µ>e,ser (2)
44- 47 F4.2 --- nSer Sersic index
49- 53 F5.1 deg PA [-85.5/85.9] Position angle of the major
axis measured from North through East
55- 58 F4.2 --- Ell Ellipticity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): From fit with r1/4 profile.
Note (2): From fit with a Sersic profile.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2[13].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Galaxy [12/3906] Galaxy ID number
6- 11 F6.4 --- z Redshift
13 A1 --- M adopted Membership (1=galaxy is a member of
the cluster; 0=galaxy is not a member)
15- 19 F5.3 [km/s] sigma1 ? Log of velocity dispersion logσ (3)
21- 25 F5.3 [km/s] sigma2 ? Log of velocity dispersion logσcor (4)
27- 31 F5.3 [km/s] e_sigma1 ? σ uncertainty in sigma1
33- 36 F4.2 --- B8V ? Fraction of the template star of spectral
type B8V in the spectra
38- 41 F4.2 --- G1V ? Fraction of the template star of spectral
type G1V in the spectra
43- 46 F4.2 --- K0III ? Fraction of the template star of spectral
type K0III in the spectra
48- 51 F4.1 --- chi2 ? χ2
53- 57 F5.1 --- S/N ? Signal-to-noise ratio per Å in the rest
frame of the galaxy (5)
59 A1 --- Ref Reference for data (only for Table23) (6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (3): Raw measure values.
Note (4): Corrected to a standard size aperture equivalent to a circular
aperture with a diameter of 3.4" at the distance of the Coma cluster.
Corrected for systematic effects (only in the cluster MS0451.6-0305; see
Appendix B.8).
Note (5): In the cluster MS0451.6-0305 (table21), the wavelength interval was
chosen based on the redshift of the galaxy:
Redshift less than 0.4: 4500-5500Å;
Redshift 0.4-0.6: 4100-5500Å;
Redshift 0.75-1.1: 3800-4300Å;
Redshift larger than 1.1: 3800-4000Å;
For the cluster RXJ1226.9+3332 (table23), the wavelength interval was
4100-4600Å, except when wavelength coverage did not allow this typically
due to the redshift of the galaxy the following intervals were used:
Galaxy 178: 6500-7000Å;
Galaxies 132, 247, 249, 982, 1029, and 1083: 5000-5500Å;
Galaxies 527, 1027, and 1057: 3500-4000Å;
Galaxies 53 and 153: 2500-3000Å;
Galaxy 754: 1500-2000Å.
Note (6): Source as follows:
1 = Our project, the "Gemini/HST Galaxy Cluster Project" (GCP);
2 = Gemini Science Archive (GSA).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2[24].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- Galaxy [12/3857]? Galaxy ID number
6- 10 F5.3 mag CN3883 ? The CN3883 line index (7)
12- 16 F5.2 0.1nm CaHK ? The CaHK line index; in Å (7)
18- 22 F5.3 --- D4000 ? The D4000 line index (7)
24- 28 F5.2 0.1nm HdA ? The HδA line index; in Å (7)
30- 34 F5.3 mag CN1 ? The CN1 line index (7)
36- 40 F5.3 mag CN2 ? The CN2 line index (7)
42- 46 F5.2 0.1nm G4300 ? The G4300 line index; in Å (7)
48- 52 F5.2 0.1nm HgA ? The HγA line index; in Å (7)
54- 57 F4.2 0.1nm Fe4383 ? The Fe4383 line index; in Å (7)
59- 63 F5.2 0.1nm C4668 ? The C4668 line index; in Å (7)
65- 69 F5.2 0.1nm Hb ? The Hβ line index; in Å (7)
71- 75 F5.2 0.1nm HbG ? The HβG line index; in Å (7)
77- 80 F4.2 0.1nm Mgb ? The Mgb line index; in Å (7)
82- 85 F4.2 0.1nm Fe5270 ? The Fe5270 line index; in Å (7)
87- 90 F4.2 0.1nm Fe5335 ? The Fe5335 line index; in Å (7)
92- 95 F4.1 0.1nm EW ? [OII] equivalent width (7)
97-101 F5.3 mag e_CN3883 ? Uncertainty in CN3883 (8)
103-106 F4.2 0.1nm e_CaHK ? Uncertainty in CaHK; in Å (8)
108-112 F5.3 --- e_D4000 ? Uncertainty in D4000 (8)
114-117 F4.2 0.1nm e_HdA ? Uncertainty in HdA; in Å (8)
119-123 F5.3 mag e_CN1 ? Uncertainty in CN1 (8)
125-129 F5.3 mag e_CN2 ? Uncertainty in CN2 (8)
131-134 F4.2 0.1nm e_G4300 ? Uncertainty in G4300; in Å (8)
136-139 F4.2 0.1nm e_HgA ? Uncertainty in HgA; in Å (8)
141-144 F4.2 0.1nm e_Fe4383 ? Uncertainty in Fe4383; in Å (8)
146-149 F4.2 0.1nm e_C4668 ? Uncertainty in C4668; in Å (8)
151-154 F4.2 0.1nm e_Hb ? Uncertainty in Hb; in Å (8)
156-159 F4.2 0.1nm e_HbG ? Uncertainty in HbG; in Å (8)
161-164 F4.2 0.1nm e_Mgb ? Uncertainty in Mgb; in Å (8)
166-169 F4.2 0.1nm e_Fe5270 ? Uncertainty in Fe5270; in Å (8)
171-174 F4.2 0.1nm e_Fe5335 ? Uncertainty in Fe5335; in Å (8)
176-178 F3.1 0.1nm e_EW ? Uncertainty in EW; in Å (8)
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Note (7): The indices have been corrected for galaxy velocity dispersion and
aperture corrected. Columns Hb, HbG, Mgb, Fe5270, and Fe5335 are only for
the cluster MS0451.6-0305 (Table22).
Note (8): Determined from the local S/N. Columns e_Hb, e_HbG, e_Mgb, e_Fe5270,
and e_Fe5335 are only for Table22 (cluster MS0451.6-0305).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Global notes:
Note (G1): Positions are consistent with USNO (Monet et al., 1998, cat. I/252),
with an rms scatter of ∼0.7".
Note (G2): Not corrected for Galactic extinction.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
06-Jun-2014: Insert into VizieR
28-Aug-2017: Units corrected for tables 22 and 24. We acnowledge
A. Muench [AAS] and C. Woodrum [Univ. of Oregon] for having pointed out
the discrepancies.
(End) Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 12-May-2014