J/AJ/147/45 Kepler mission. IV. Eclipse times for close binaries (Conroy+, 2014)
Kepler eclipsing binary stars. IV. Precise eclipse times for close binaries and
identification of candidate three-body systems.
Conroy K.E., Prsa A., Stassun K.G., Orosz J.A., Fabrycky D.C., Welsh W.F.
<Astron. J., 147, 45 (2014)>
=2014AJ....147...45C 2014AJ....147...45C
ADC_Keywords: Binaries, eclipsing
Keywords: binaries: eclipsing - catalogs - methods: analytical -
methods: data analysis - stars: kinematics and dynamics -
techniques: photometric
Abstract:
We present a catalog of precise eclipse times and analysis of
third-body signals among 1279 close binaries in the latest Kepler
Eclipsing Binary Catalog. For these short-period binaries, Kepler's 30
minute exposure time causes significant smearing of light curves. In
addition, common astrophysical phenomena such as chromospheric
activity, as well as imperfections in the light curve detrending
process, can create systematic artifacts that may produce fictitious
signals in the eclipse timings. We present a method to measure precise
eclipse times in the presence of distorted light curves, such as in
contact and near-contact binaries which exhibit continuously changing
light levels in and out of eclipse. We identify 236 systems for which
we find a timing variation signal compatible with the presence of a
third body. These are modeled for the light travel time effect and the
basic properties of the third body are derived. This study complements
J. A. Orosz et al. (in preparation), which focuses on eclipse timing
variations of longer period binaries with flat out-of-eclipse regions.
Together, these two papers provide comprehensive eclipse timings for
all binaries in the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, as an ongoing
resource freely accessible online to the community.
Description:
B. M. Kirk et al. (2014, in preparation) will update the Kepler
Eclipsing Binary Catalog, raising the count of eclipsing binaries from
2165 to 2605. The database is kept up-to-date with future data and
revisions at http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/.
Eclipse timing variations (ETVs) on the individual eclipses and the
entire phase have been run for all objects with a morphology parameter
greater (less detached) than 0.5 in the latest Kepler Eclipsing Binary
Catalog. Plots and data for detrended light curves and eclipse times
for the entire sample are available as a part of the Kepler Eclipsing
Binary online catalog. An excerpt of the eclipse times is shown in
Table 1.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
binaries.dat 8 1274 Sample of close eclipsing binaries
(table added by CDS)
table1.dat 50 7804813 Eclipse timing variations (ETVs)
table4.dat 59 210 ETVs with potential third-body signals
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2010)
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJS/208/16 : Kepler transit timing observations. VIII. (Mazeh+, 2013)
J/AJ/143/137 : 41 eclipsing binaries minima from a Kepler survey (Gies+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/113 : Kepler TTVs. II. Confirmed multiplanet systems (Ford+, 2012)
J/ApJ/756/185 : Kepler TTVs. V. Metrics catalog (Ford+, 2012)
J/ApJS/197/2 : Transit timing observations from Kepler. I. (Ford+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/160 : Kepler Mission. II. 2165 eclipsing binaries (Slawson+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/83 : Eclipsing binaries in Kepler first data release (Prsa+, 2011)
http://keplerEBs.villanova.edu/ : Kepler Eclipsing Binary online catalog
Byte-by-byte Description of file: binaries.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I08 --- KIC [1433410/12785282] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I08 --- KIC [1433410/12785282] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
10- 21 F12.6 d BJD Barycentric Julian Date of eclipse (BJD-2400000)
23- 31 F9.3 s ETV [-1439.77/1319.76] Eclipse Timing Variation (1)
33- 40 F8.3 s e_ETV The 1σ error in ETV
42- 50 A9 --- Type Eclipse type (primary, entire, secondary)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): By measuring the exact time of each eclipse for a particular binary
and comparing it to the calculated time from the linear ephemeris, we can
create an ETV curve (sometimes also referred to as an O-C diagram).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 I08 --- KIC [2159783/12554536] Kepler Input Catalog identifier
10- 12 A3 --- f_KIC Flag on KIC (1)
14- 17 F4.2 --- Morph [0.51/1] Morphology parameter
19- 23 F5.3 d Pbin [0.107/3.75] Inner-binary period
25 A1 --- f_P3 [~] Flag on P3 (~)
26- 31 F6.1 d P3 [71.2/9500] Period for the third body found by
the LTTE (Light Travel Time Effect) fit (2)
33- 38 F6.1 d e_P3 ? Uncertainty in P3
40- 44 F5.3 --- e3 [0/1]? Eccentricity for the third body
46- 50 F5.3 --- e_e3 ? Uncertainty in e3
52- 55 I4 s Amp [14/1803]? Amplitude found by the LTTE fit
57- 59 I3 s e_Amp ? Uncertainty in Amp
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag on KIC number as follows:
a = Appears in Rappaport et al. (2013ApJ...768...33R 2013ApJ...768...33R);
b = Appears in Gies et al. (2012, cat. J/AJ/143/137) as a candidate third body;
c = Slawson et al. (2011, cat. J/AJ/142/160);
d = Shows depth variations;
e = Visible tertiary eclipse.
Note (2): This table is divided into three sections based on the period for the
third body found by the LTTE fit. The first section includes periods from
0-700 days (approximately half the length of the time baseline of the
photometric data used), the second from 700-1400 days (approximately the
length of the time baseline), and the third longer than 1400 days. In the
first section, the fits are based on at least two full cycles of the LTTE
orbit, the second on one full cycle, and the third is a very preliminary
fit based on some evidence of curvature in the ETVs. Some binaries with
third-body signals that fell in the second section did not have Kepler data
available for the full baseline. These no longer met the criteria of having
a full cycle of data, and so were moved to the beginning of the third
section of the table.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Prsa et al., Paper I, 2011AJ....141...83P 2011AJ....141...83P, Cat. J/AJ/141/83
Slawson et al., Paper II, 2011AJ....142..160S 2011AJ....142..160S, Cat. J/AJ/142/160
Matijevic et al., Paper III, 2012AJ....143..123M 2012AJ....143..123M
Conroy et al., Paper V 2014PASP..126..914C 2014PASP..126..914C, Cat. J/PASP/126/914
LaCourse et al., Paper VI 2015MNRAS.452.3561L 2015MNRAS.452.3561L, Cat. J/MNRAS/452/3561
Kirk et al., Paper VII 2016AJ....151...68K 2016AJ....151...68K, Cat. J/AJ/151/68
Abdul-Masih et al., Paper VIII 2016AJ....151..101A 2016AJ....151..101A, Cat. J/AJ/151/101
(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 05-Sep-2014