J/AJ/147/94 Solar neighborhood. XXXII. L and M dwarfs (Dieterich+, 2014)
The solar neighborhood. XXXII. The hydrogen burning limit.
Dieterich S.B., Henry T.J., Jao W.-C., Winters J.G., Hosey A.D.,
Riedel A.R., Subasavage J.P.
<Astron. J., 147, 94 (2014)>
=2014AJ....147...94D 2014AJ....147...94D
ADC_Keywords: Stars, dwarfs ; Photometry, VRI ; Parallaxes, trigonometric ;
Proper motions ; Effective temperatures ; Photometry, infrared
Keywords: brown dwarfs - Hertzsprung-Russell and C-M diagrams - parallaxes -
solar neighborhood - stars: fundamental parameters - stars: low-mass
Abstract:
We construct a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for the stellar/substellar
boundary based on a sample of 63 objects ranging in spectral type from
M6V to L4. We report newly observed VRI photometry for all 63 objects
and new trigonometric parallaxes for 37 objects. The remaining 26
objects have trigonometric parallaxes from the literature. We combine
our optical photometry and trigonometric parallaxes with 2MASS and
WISE photometry and employ a novel spectral energy distribution
fitting algorithm to determine effective temperatures, bolometric
luminosities, and radii. Our uncertainties range from ∼20K to ∼150K in
temperature, ∼0.01 to ∼0.06 in log (L/L☉) and ∼3% to ∼10% in
radius. We check our methodology by comparing our calculated radii to
radii directly measured via long baseline optical interferometry. We
find evidence for the local minimum in the radius-temperature and
radius-luminosity trends that signals the end of the stellar main
sequence and the start of the brown dwarf sequence at Teff∼2075K,
log(L/L☉)~-3.9, and (R/R☉)∼0.086. The existence of this
local minimum is predicted by evolutionary models, but at temperatures
∼400K cooler. The minimum radius happens near the locus of 2MASS
J0523-1403, an L2.5 dwarf with V-K=9.42. We make qualitative arguments
as to why the effects of the recent revision in solar abundances
accounts for the discrepancy between our findings and the evolutionary
models. We also report new color-absolute magnitude relations for
optical and infrared colors which are useful for estimating
photometric distances. We study the optical variability of all 63
targets and find an overall variability fraction of 36-7+9% at a
threshold of 15mmag in the I band, which is in agreement with previous
studies.
Description:
We obtained VRI photometry for all targets in our sample using the
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 0.9m telescope for the
brighter targets and the SOuthern Astrophysical Research (SOAR)
Optical Imager camera on the SOAR 4.1m telescope for fainter targets.
SOAR observations were conducted between 2009 September and 2010
December during six observing runs comprising NOAO programs
2009B-0425, 2010A-0185, and 2010B-0176. A total of 17 nights on SOAR
were used for optical photometry.
Table 1 shows the photometry in the photometric system used by the
telescope with which the measurements were
taken (Johnson-Kron-Cousins for the CTIO 0.9m telescope and
Bessell for SOAR).
Astrometric observations are based in part on observations obtained
via the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation
(CTIOPI), at the Cerro Tololo 0.9m telescope. CTIOPI is a large and
versatile astrometric monitoring program targeting diverse types of
stellar and substellar objects in the solar neighborhood. Observations
are taken using the CTIO 0.9m telescope and its sole instrument, a
2048*2048 Tektronix imaging CCD detector with a plate scale of
0.401''/pixel.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 276 63 Observed and derived properties
table4.dat 146 37 New trigonometric parallaxes, proper motions,
and optical variability
notes.dat 1472 13 Notes
refs.dat 62 35 References
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
http://wise2.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/release/allsky/ : WISE All Sky Catalog
J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighborhood. XXVIII. Substellar companions
(Dieterich+, 2012)
J/AJ/142/92 : New proper motion stars with pm≥0.18"/yr (Boyd+, 2011)
J/AJ/142/10 : New proper motion stars 0.40"/yr>pm≥0.18"/yr (Boyd+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/21 : CCD distance estimates of SCR targets (Winters+, 2011)
J/AJ/134/252 : New nearby white dwarf systems (Subasavage+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2898 : New proper-motion stars (-90<DE< -47) (Finch+, 2007)
J/AJ/130/1658 : New high proper motion stars (-47<DE< -00) (Subasavage+, 2005)
J/AJ/129/413 : New high proper motion stars (-90<DE< -47) (Subasavage+, 2005)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Seq [1/63] Running sequence number of the object
5- 6 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
8- 9 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
11- 14 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
16 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination(J2000)
17- 18 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
20- 21 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
26- 39 A14 --- Name Object name
41- 45 A5 --- SpT MK spectral type
47- 48 I2 --- r_SpT ? Reference for SpT (in refs.dat file)
50- 54 F5.3 arcsec/yr pm Proper motion
56- 60 F5.1 deg pmPA Proper motion position angle (East of North)
62- 67 F6.2 mas plx [37/420] Trigonometric parallax
69- 72 F4.2 mas e_plx Error in plx
74- 81 A8 --- r_plx Reference for plx (in refs.dat file) (1)
83- 87 F5.1 km/s Vtan Tangential velocity
89- 93 F5.2 mag VmagC ? Johnson V band magnitude from CTIO 0.9m (2)
95- 98 F4.3 mag e_VmagC ? Error in VmagC
100-104 F5.2 mag RmagC ? Cousins R band magnitude from CTIO 0.9m (2)
106-109 F4.3 mag e_RmagC ? Error in RmagC
111-115 F5.2 mag ImagC ? Cousins I band magnitude from CTIO 0.9m (2)
117-120 F4.3 mag e_ImagC ? Error in ImagC
122-126 F5.2 mag VmagS ? Bessel V band magnitude from SOAR (3)
128-131 F4.3 mag e_VmagS ? Error in VmagS
133-137 F5.2 mag RmagS ? Bessel R band magnitude from SOAR (3)
139-142 F4.3 mag e_RmagS ? Error in RmagS
144-148 F5.2 mag ImagS ? Bessel I band magnitude from SOAR (3)
150-153 F4.3 mag e_ImagS ? Error in ImagS
155 A1 --- P [CS] Adopted photometry (C=CTIO 0.9m, S=SOAR)
157 I1 --- Ne Number of epochs for adopted photometry
159-163 F5.2 mag Imag ? Converted CTIO 0.9m I band photometry (4)
165-169 F5.2 mag Jmag 2MASS J band magnitude
171-174 F4.2 mag e_Jmag Error in Jmag
176-180 F5.2 mag Hmag 2MASS H band magnitude
182-185 F4.2 mag e_Hmag Error in Hmag
187-191 F5.2 mag Kmag 2MASS Ks band magnitude
193-196 F4.2 mag e_Kmag Error in Kmag
198-203 F6.3 mag W1mag WISE W1 (3.4µm) band magnitude
205-209 F5.3 mag e_W1mag Error in W1mag
211-216 F6.3 mag W2mag WISE W2 (4.6µm) band magnitude
218-222 F5.3 mag e_W2mag ? Error in W2mag
224-229 F6.3 mag W3mag WISE W3 (12µm) band magnitude
231-235 F5.3 mag e_W3mag ? Error in W3mag
237-240 I4 K Teff ? Derived effective temperature
242-244 I3 K e_Teff ? Error in Teff
246-251 F6.3 [Lsun] logL ? Derived log of the luminosity
253-257 F5.3 [Lsun] e_logL ? Error in logL
259-263 F5.3 Rsun Rad ? Derived radius
265-270 F6.4 Rsun e_Rad ? Error in Rad
272 A1 --- n_Seq [d] Indicates a note (in notes.dat file)
274-276 A3 --- Note Additional notes (5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Unfortunately many papers do not cite references for spectral types.
We have made an effort to track down primary sources. The references
listed here are either primary sources or, if a primary source could not
be found, secondary sources that discuss spectral typing. In a few cases,
several papers list the same spectral type with no reference and do not
discuss the spectral type. In these cases this column was left blank.
Note (2): CTIO = Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (telescope).
Note (3): SOAR = SOuthern Astrophysical Research (telescope).
Note (4): I band photometry converted from Cousins to Bessell to match SOAR.
Note (5): Additional notes are defined as follows:
e = Member of resolved multiple system. Parallaxes for 1, 55, and 57 are for
brighter components;
f = Unresolved multiple;
g = No V photometry is available. SED fit and Teff excludes V.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Seq [1/63] Running sequence number of the object
4- 21 A18 --- Name Name of the object
23 A1 --- f_Name [e] No V photometry (1)
25- 26 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
28- 29 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
31- 34 F4.1 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
36 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
37- 38 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
40- 41 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
43- 44 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
46 A1 --- Flt Filter (I or R)
48- 49 I2 --- Ns [3/10] Number of seasons observed (2)
50 A1 --- f_Ns [cs] c=continuous, s=scattered observations (3)
52- 54 I3 --- Nf [18/112] Total number of images used
in reduction (4)
56- 62 F7.2 yr Date0 [1999/2011] Starting date of observation
63 A1 --- --- [-]
64- 70 F7.2 yr Date1 [2007/2014] Ending date of observation
72- 76 F5.2 yr Nyr [2/13] Number of years during the coverage
78- 79 I2 --- Nr [5/15] Number of reference stars used to reduce
the parallax
81- 86 F6.2 mas plx1 Relative trigonometric parallax
88- 91 F4.2 mas e_plx1 Error in plx1
93- 96 F4.2 mas plxC Trigonometric parallax correction
98-101 F4.2 mas e_plxC Error in plxC
103-108 F6.2 mas plx2 Absolute trigonometric parallax
110-113 F4.2 mas e_plx2 Error in plx2
115-120 F6.1 mas/yr pm Proper motion
122-124 F3.1 mas/yr e_pm Error in pm
126-130 F5.1 deg pmPA Proper motion position angle (East of North)
132-135 F4.2 deg e_pmPA Error in PA
137-141 F5.1 km/s Vtan Tangential velocity
143-146 F4.1 mmag Amp ? Photometric variability of the science target
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Correction for differential color refraction based on estimated V from
color-magnitude relations.
Note (2): Where 2-3 months of observations count as one season, for seasons
having more than three images taken.
Note (3): Observation flag defined as follows:
c = indicates a continuous set of observations where multiple nights of data
were taken in each season;
s = indicates scattered observations when one or more seasons have only a
single night of observations. Generally "c" observations are better.
Note (4): Images are typically taken in sets of three consecutive observations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: notes.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 18 A18 --- Name Object name
20- 31 A12 --- SpT MK spectral type
33- 34 A2 --- --- [ID]
36- 37 I2 --- Seq [1/63] Running sequence number of the object
39-1472 A1434 --- Text Text of note
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Ref Reference number
4- 22 A19 --- BibCode Bibliographic code
24- 41 A18 --- Aut Author's name
43- 62 A20 --- Cat VizieR catalog
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
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Vrijmoet et al., Paper XLIX 2022AJ....163..178V 2022AJ....163..178V, Cat. J/AJ/163/178
Hubbard-James et al., Paper L 2022AJ....164..174H 2022AJ....164..174H
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(End) Greg Schwarz [AAS], Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 16-Jan-2015