J/AJ/151/59 Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets (Chandler+, 2016)
The Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets (CELESTA): a database of
habitable zones around nearby stars.
Chandler C.O., McDonald I., Kane S.R.
<Astron. J., 151, 59 (2016)>
=2016AJ....151...59C 2016AJ....151...59C (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, nearby ; Stars, double and multiple ; Planets ;
Effective temperatures ; Stars, distances ; Stars, masses ;
Stars, diameters
Keywords: astrobiology - astronomical databases: miscellaneous - catalogs -
planetary systems - planets and satellites: detection
Abstract:
Locating planets in circumstellar habitable zones (HZs) is a priority
for many exoplanet surveys. Space-based and ground-based surveys alike
require robust toolsets to aid in target selection and mission
planning. We present the Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey
Targets (CELESTA), a database of HZs around 37000 nearby stars. We
calculated stellar parameters, including effective temperatures,
masses, and radii, and we quantified the orbital distances and periods
corresponding to the circumstellar HZs. We gauged the accuracy of our
predictions by contrasting CELESTA's computed parameters to
observational data. We ascertain a potential return on investment by
computing the number of HZs probed for a given survey duration. A
versatile framework for extending the functionality of CELESTA into
the future enables ongoing comparisons to new observations, and
recalculations when updates to HZ models, stellar temperatures, or
parallax data become available. We expect to upgrade and expand
CELESTA using data from the Gaia mission as the data become available.
Description:
We present the Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey Targets
(CELESTA), a database of habitable zones around 37000 nearby stars.
The first step in creating CELESTA was assembling the input data. The
Revised Hipparcos Catalog (van Leeuwen 2007, Cat. I/311) is a stellar
catalog based on the original Hipparcos mission (Perryman et al. 1997,
Cat. I/239) data set. Hipparcos, launched in 1989, recorded with great
precision the parallax of nearby stars, ultimately leading to a
database of 118218 stars. McDonald et al. 2012 (cat. J/MNRAS/427/343)
calculated effective temperatures and luminosities for the Hipparcos
stars.
The next step was selecting appropriate stars for the construction of
CELESTA. The Stellar Parameter Catalog of 103663 stars included many
stars that were not suitable for our purposes, especially stars off
the Main-Sequence (MS) branch, e.g., giants. Please refer to Section
3.2 in the paper for additional details about the star selection. The
final CELESTA catalog contains 37354 stars (see Table2), each with a
set of associated attributes, e.g., estimated mass, measured distance.
The complete database can also be found online at a dedicated host
(http://www.celesta.info/).
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 97 99917 The stellar parameter catalog
table2.dat 359 37354 The Catalog of Earth-Like Exoplanet Survey
Targets (CELESTA)
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See also:
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)
J/ApJ/809/77 : Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (Sullivan+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/ApJ/771/L45 : Climate models for exoplanet around M-star (Yang+, 2013)
J/A+A/549/A109 : HARPS XXXI. The M-dwarf sample (Bonfils+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/427/343 : Infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars (McDonald+, 2012)
J/PASP/123/412 : Exoplanet Orbit Database (Wright+, 2011)
http://celesta.info/ : CELESTA
http://hzgallery.org/ : Habitable zone gallery
http://www.exoplanets.org/ : Exoplanet Data Explorer
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- hip Hipparcos identifier (1)
11- 15 I5 K Teff [1995/70127] Stellar effective temperature
(Teff) (2)
17- 28 E12.6 Lsun Lum [0.001/8.54e+09] Stellar luminosity (L*)
30- 32 I3 nm lamB [354/527] The bluest wavelength (3)
34- 38 I5 nm lamR [532/25000]? The reddest wavelength (3)
40- 45 I6 --- HIP [1/113542] Hipparcos number (1)
47- 58 F12.8 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
60- 71 F12.8 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
73- 84 F12.5 pc Dist [6.7/100000]?=-99.99 Distance (d)
86- 97 F12.8 --- e_Dist [0.001/344]?=99.99 Fractional error in Dist
(δd/d)
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Note (1): The original catalog from McDonald et al. 2012 (cat. J/MNRAS/427/343)
was re-reduced was re-reduced using a slightly updated version of the
spectral energy distribution pipeline, in order to correct for an
interpolation artifact when temperatures were close to those of the stellar
atmosphere models (every 100K). With this exception, the Stellar Parameter
Catalog presented here is functionally identical to that described in
McDonald et al. 2012 (cat. J/MNRAS/427/343). Please refer to Section 3.1.2
for additional details about the creation of the Stellar Parameter Catalog.
Note (2): Uncertainty in Teff was determined to be ±100K by comparing the
Stellar Parameter Catalog predictions to observations contained in the
Exoplanet Data Explorer (EDE; Wright et al. 2011, cat. J/PASP/123/412).
Significant figures were preserved from the Stellar Parameter Catalog input
file; see the text (Sections 3 and 4) for comments on additional
uncertainties.
Note (3): For which data existed in the matched photometric catalog.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 I6 --- HIP [1/113542] Hipparcos number
8- 9 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
11- 12 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
14- 20 F7.4 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
22 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
23- 24 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
26- 27 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
29- 35 F7.4 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
37- 42 F6.1 pc Dist [6.7/3000] Distance (d) (determined from
parallax; Dist=1/plx)
44- 52 F9.3 pc e_Dist [0.015/50000] Uncertainty in Dist (δd)
54- 57 I4 K Teff [3042/7199] Stellar effective temperature (1)
59- 65 F7.4 mag mag [2.3/13.7] Observed magnitude (2)
67- 74 F8.4 Lsun Lum [0.01/240] Luminosity (L)
76- 84 F9.4 Lsun e_Lum [0.002/3000] Uncertainty in Lum (δL)
86- 90 F5.3 Msun Mass [0.1/1.6] Stellar mass (3)
92- 97 F6.3 Rsun Rad [0.107/10] Stellar radius (R) (4)
99-102 F4.2 --- SVenus [1.5/2.1] Recent Venus effective solar flux
(Seff) value (5)
104-108 F5.3 --- e_SVenus [0.03/0.6] Uncertainty in SVenus (δSVenus)
110-114 F5.3 --- SRun [0.92/1.3] Runaway greenhouse Seff value (5)
116-120 F5.3 --- e_SRun [0.02/0.4] Uncertainty in SRun (δSRun)
122-126 F5.3 --- SMax [0.23/0.44] Maximum greenhouse Seff value (5)
128-132 F5.3 --- e_SMax [0.008/0.12] Uncertainty in SMax (δSMax)
134-138 F5.3 --- SMars [0.21/0.39] Early Mars Seff value (5)
140-145 F6.4 --- e_SMars [0.007/0.11] Uncertainty in SMars (δSMars)
147-153 F7.4 AU DVenus [0.081/10.7] Recent Venus distance (5)
155-165 F11.5 AU e_DVenus [0.0001/30000] Error in DVenus (δDVenus)
167-172 F6.3 AU DRun [0.1/14] Runaway greenhouse distance (5)
174-184 F11.5 AU e_DRun [0.00018/50000] Error in DRun (δDRun)
186-191 F6.3 AU DMax [0.19/23] Maximum greenhouse distance (5)
193-204 F12.5 AU e_DMax [0.0007/100000] Error in DMax (δDMax)
206-211 F6.3 AU DMars [0.195/25] Early Mars distance (5)
213-223 F11.4 AU e_DMars [0.0008/200000] Error in DMars (δDMars)
225-230 F6.3 AU CHZ [0.08/10] Conservative Habitable Zone width (5)
232-236 F5.2 AU OHZ [0.1/10] Optimistic Habitable Zone width (5)
238-245 F8.2 d PVenus [8.8/10000] Recent Venus period (6)
247-256 F10.1 d e_PVenus [0.4/4e+07] Error in PVenus (δPVenus)
258-264 F7.1 d PRun [13/14000] Runaway greenhouse period (6)
266-276 F11.2 d e_PRun [0.6/6e+07] Uncertainty in PRun (δPRun)
278-284 F7.1 d PMax [29/33000] Maximum greenhouse period (6)
286-296 F11.1 d e_PMax [1.7/3e+08] Uncertainty in PMax (δPMax)
298-304 F7.1 d PMars [31.4/35000] Early Mars period (6)
306-316 F11.1 d e_PMars [1.9/3e+08] Uncertainty in PMars (δPMars)
318-323 F6.2 arcsec plx [0.3/149] Parallax (7)
325-329 F5.2 arcsec e_plx [0.12/61.9] Uncertainty in plx (δplx) (7)
331-334 A4 --- TESS [TRUE] Exoplanet habitable zone catalog
overlapping state (TRUE) (8)
336 I1 --- EDE [1/6]? Exoplanet count in the Exoplanet Data
Explorer (EDE; Wright et al. 2011,
Cat. J/PASP/123/412)
338-345 F8.6 Rsun ERad [0.5/4]? EDE stellar radius (9)
347-353 F7.2 K ETeff [4503/6789]? EDE stellar effective temperature
355-359 F5.3 Msun EMass [0.73/1.83]? EDE stellar mass
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Note (1): Uncertainty was determined to be ±100K. See Section 5.3 for details
about the uncertainty ascertainment.
Note (2): Significant figures were carried from the source data.
Note (3): Uncertainty was determined to be ±0.10M☉. See Section 5.3 for
details about the uncertainty ascertainment.
Note (4): Rad=[Lum/4πσTeff4], (Eq. (4)), where:
Teff = The stellar effective temperature;
Lum = The stellar luminosity.
Uncertainty = Determined to be ±0.17R☉ (see Section 5.3 for
details about the uncertainty ascertainment).
Note (5):
An habitable zone can be categorized into 4 classes:
* Class I = The only class considered here, covers Earth-like planets
residing in a shell around one or more host stars where a
planet or other body could potentially harbor liquid water on
its surface and receive sunlight;
* Class II = Regions where planets no longer possess liquid water on their
surfaces, e.g., Mars or Venus;
* Class III = Describes worlds with liquid water below the surface but in
direct contact with a silicate core, e.g., Europa;
* Class IV = Describes planets with liquid water trapped between layers of
ice, e.g., Io.
The habitable zone is often considered from two different perspectives
(OHZ and CHZ):
* OHZ = The Optimistic Habitable Zone;
* CHZ = The Conservative Habitable Zone.
The OHZ and CHZ each contain an inner boundary (H2O dominated atmosphere
and outer boundary (CO2 dominated atmosphere):
* OHZ = Bound on the inside (closest to the star) by the Recent Venus
boundary and on the outside (furthest from the star) by the Early
Mars limit;
* CHZ = Lies between the inner Runaway Greenhouse border and the outer
Maximum Greenhouse cutoff.
Figure1, courtesy of the habitable zone Gallery (http://hzgallery.org/),
portrays these regions graphically.
The parametric equations provided by Equation (4) of Kopparapu et al.
(2014ApJ...787L..29K 2014ApJ...787L..29K) for calculating the effective solar flux were:
* Seff=Seff☉+aT+bT2+cT3+dT4, Eq. (1),
where T=Teff-5780, and the coefficients for each of the four were
provided in the Kopparapu et al. (2014ApJ...787L..29K 2014ApJ...787L..29K) paper.
The corresponding distance of the habitable zone boundary can be calculated
using Equation (5) of Kopparapu et al. (2014ApJ...787L..29K 2014ApJ...787L..29K):
* Dist=[(Lum/Lum☉)/Seff]1/2au, Eq. (2),
with Lum/Lum☉ being the ratio of the star's luminosity compared to
the luminosity of our Sun.
Note (6):
Orbital periods were derived from Kepler's third law, namely:
Per=1/86400[(4π2/G(Mass*/Mass☉))(r/1au)]1/2days, Eq. (5),
where r is the orbital radius and Mass* is the stellar mass.
Note (7): From the Revised Hipparcos Catalog (van Leeuwen 2007, Cat. I/311).
Note (8): The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission will observe
each pointing for a total of 27 days (Ricker et al., 2015JATIS...1a4003R 2015JATIS...1a4003R),
which yields a total of 4 and 12 CELESTA stars with sensitivities within
the Conservative Habitable Zone (CHZ) and the Optimistic Habitable Zone
(OHZ), respectively. There will be overlap of TESS fields toward the
celestial poles that is expected to result in greater period sensitivity in
those regions. For example, TESS will continuously observe stars that lie
within 17° of the ecliptic pole, probing 101 habitable zones of the 590
CELESTA stars within that region.
Note (9): Signifigant figures carried from the Exoplanet Data Explorer (EDE;
http://www.exoplanets.org/; Wright et al. 2011, Cat. J/PASP/123/412).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS]; Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 20-Jul-2016