J/AJ/152/141 Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs for M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)
The solar neighborhood. XXXVII: the mass-luminosity relation for main-sequence M
dwarfs.
Benedict G.F., Henry T.J., Franz O.G., McArthur B.E., Wasserman L.H.,
Jao W.-C., Cargile P.A., Dieterich S.B., Bradley A.J., Nelan E.P.,
Whipple A.L.
<Astron. J., 152, 141-141 (2016)>
=2016AJ....152..141B 2016AJ....152..141B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, M-type ; Stars, dwarfs ; Radial velocities
Keywords: astrometry - binaries: close - stars: distances - stars: late-type -
techniques: interferometric - techniques: radial velocities
Abstract:
We present a mass-luminosity relation (MLR) for red dwarfs spanning a
range of masses from 0.62M☉ to the end of the stellar main
sequence at 0.08M☉. The relation is based on 47 stars for which
dynamical masses have been determined, primarily using astrometric
data from Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS) 3 and 1r, white-light
interferometers on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and radial
velocity data from McDonald Observatory. For our HST/FGS sample of 15
binaries, component mass errors range from 0.4% to 4.0% with a median
error of 1.8%. With these and masses from other sources, we construct
a V-band MLR for the lower main sequence with 47 stars and a K-band
MLR with 45 stars with fit residuals half of those of the V band. We
use GJ 831 AB as an example, obtaining an absolute trigonometric
parallax, πabs=125.3±0.3mas, with orbital elements yielding
MA=0.270±0.004M☉ and MB=0.145±0.002M☉. The mass
precision rivals that derived for eclipsing binaries. A remaining
major task is the interpretation of the intrinsic cosmic scatter in
the observed MLR for low-mass stars in terms of physical effects. In
the meantime, useful mass values can be estimated from the MLR for the
ubiquitous red dwarfs that account for 75% of all stars, with
applications ranging from the characterization of exoplanet host stars
to the contribution of red dwarfs to the mass of the universe.
Description:
During this project we observed with two Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS)
units: FGS 3 from 1992 to 2000, and FGS 1r from 2000 to 2009. FGS 1r
replaced the original FGS 1 during Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Servicing Mission 3A in late 1999.
We included visual, photographic, and CCD observations of separations
and position angles from Geyer et al. 1988AJ.....95.1841G 1988AJ.....95.1841G for our
analysis of GJ 65 AB.
We include a single observation of G 193-027 AB from Beuzit et al.
2004A&A...425..997B 2004A&A...425..997B, who used the Adaptive Optics Bonnette system on
the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). For GJ 65 AB we include
five Very Large Telescope/NAos-COnica (VLT/NACO) measures of position
angle and separation (Kervella et al. 2016A&A...593A.127K 2016A&A...593A.127K).
For our analysis of GJ 623 AB, we included astrometric observations
(Martinache et al. 2007ApJ...661..496M 2007ApJ...661..496M) performed with the Palomar
High Angular Resolution Observer (PHARO) instrument on the Palomar
200in (5m) telescope and with the Near InfraRed Camera 2 (NIRC2)
instrument on the Keck II telescope. Separations have typical errors
of 2mas. Position angle errors average 0.5°.
Measurements are included for GJ 22 AC from McCarthy et al.
1991AJ....101..214M 1991AJ....101..214M and for GJ 473 AB from Henry et al.
1992AJ....103.1369H 1992AJ....103.1369H and Torres et al. 1999AJ....117..562T 1999AJ....117..562T, who used a
two-dimensional infrared speckle camera containing a 58*62 pixel InSb
array on the Steward Observatory 90in telescope. We also include
infrared speckle observations by Woitas et al. 2003A&A...406..293W 2003A&A...406..293W,
who obtained fourteen separation and position angle measurements for
GJ 22 AC with the near-infrared cameras MAGIC and OMEGA Cass at the
3.5m telescope on Calar Alto.
We also include a few speckle observations at optical wavelengths from
the Special Astrophysical Observatory 6m Bolshoi Azimuth Telescope
(BTA) and 1m Zeiss (Balega et al. 1994, Cat. J/A+AS/105/503), from the
CFHT (Blazit et al. 1987) and from the Differential Speckle Survey
Instrument (DSSI) on the Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale, National optical
astronomy observatory (WIYN) 3.5m (Horch et al. 2012, Cat.
J/AJ/143/10).
Where available, we use astrometric observations from HST instruments
other than the FGSs, including the Faint Object Camera (FOC; Barbieri
et al. 1996A&A...315..418B 1996A&A...315..418B), the Faint Object Spectrograph (FOS;
Schultz et al. 1998PASP..110...31S 1998PASP..110...31S), the Near-Infrared Camera and
Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS; Golimowski et al.
2004AJ....128.1733G 2004AJ....128.1733G), and the Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2;
Schroeder et al. 2000AJ....119..906S 2000AJ....119..906S; Dieterich et al. 2012, Cat.
J/AJ/144/64).
Our radial velocity measurements, listed in table3, are from two
sources.
We obtained most radial velocity data with the McDonald 2.1m Struve
telescope and the Sandiford Cassegrain Echelle spectrograph, hereafter
CE. The CE delivers a dispersion equivalent to 2.5km/s/pix
(R=λ/Δλ=60000) with a wavelength range of
5500≤λ≤6700Å spread across 26 orders (apertures). The
McDonald data were collected during 33 observing runs from 1995 to
2009.
Some GJ 623 AB velocities came from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET)
using the Tull Spectrograph.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 80 15 Identifications and coordinates
table3.dat 49 100 Radial velocities
table8.dat 67 255 Component position angles, separations,
residuals, and sources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
I/279 : Revised Luyten Half-Second Catalogue (Bakos+ 2002)
I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)
J/AJ/144/64 : Solar neighborhood. XXVIII. (Dieterich+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/10 : WIYN speckle observations of binaries. VII. (Horch+, 2012)
J/A+AS/105/503 : Binary star speckle measurements (Balega+ 1994)
J/AJ/106/773 : Mass-luminosity relation (Henry+, 1993)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name Identifier
14- 20 A7 --- Giclas Giclas identifier
22- 27 I6 --- HIP ? Hipparcos identifier
29- 32 I4 --- LHS ? Luyten Half Second (LHS) identifier
34- 42 A9 --- OName Other name
44- 45 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
47- 48 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
50- 55 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
57 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
58- 59 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
61- 62 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
64- 68 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
70- 75 F6.1 d Per Orbital period
77- 80 F4.1 d e_Per Uncertainty in Per
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Identifier (GJ22 AC, GJ234 AB, GJ469 AB,
GJ623 AB, GJ748 AB, GJ791.2 AB, or GJ831 AB)
13 A1 --- f_Name [cH] Flag on Name (1)
15- 23 F9.3 d JD [46627.5/54875.3] Modified Julian Date of
observation (JD-2400000.0)
25- 31 F7.3 km/s RV1 [-65/18.2] Primary radial velocity
33- 37 F5.3 km/s e_RV1 [0.008/6.24] 1σ uncertainty in RV1
39- 44 F6.2 km/s RV2 [-72.74/-0.4]? Secondary radial velocity
46- 49 F4.2 km/s e_RV2 [0.07/6.32]? 1σ uncertainty in RV2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag on name defined as follows:
c = Velocities from Hα line only;
H = Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) observation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 12 A12 --- Name Identifier (G193-027 AB, G250-029 AB, GJ1005 AB,
GJ1081 AB, GJ1245 AC, GJ22 AC, GJ234 AB,
GJ469 AB, GJ473 AB, GJ54 AB, GJ623 AB, GJ65 AB,
GJ748 AB, GJ791.2 AB, or GJ831 AB)
14- 15 I2 --- Set [1/64] Set number
17- 26 F10.4 d JD [32832/55828] Modified Julian Date of observation
28- 33 F6.1 mas Sep [0.6/2530] Separation ρ
35- 41 F7.2 mas DSep [-218.3/333] Residual in Sep (Δρ)
43- 48 F6.2 deg PA [1.5/358] Position angle θ
50- 54 F5.1 deg DPA [-13/9] Residual in PA (Δθ)
56- 61 F6.1 mas err [-141/227.1] The ρΔθ value
63- 67 A5 --- Sce Measurement source (FGS1r=FGS unit 1r,
FGS3=FGS unit 3, or non-FGS) (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Sources for non-FGS and FGS measurements are defined as follows:
B04 = Beuzit et al. 2004A&A...425..997B 2004A&A...425..997B, adaptive optics;
B87 = Blazit et al. 1987A&AS...71...57B 1987A&AS...71...57B, optical speckle;
B94 = Balega et al. 1994 (Cat. J/A+AS/105/503), optical speckle;
CCD = Geyer et al. 1988AJ.....95.1841G 1988AJ.....95.1841G, CCD measurements;
FGS1r = Unit 1r of Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS);
FGS3 = FGS unit 3;
FOC = Barbieri et al. 1996A&A...315..418B 1996A&A...315..418B,
Hubble Space Telescope/Faint Object Camera (HST/FOC);
FOS = Schultz et al. 1998PASP..110...31S 1998PASP..110...31S,
HST/Faint Object Spectrograph (HST/FOS);
H12 = Horch et al. 2012 (Cat. J/AJ/143/10), optical speckle;
H93 = Henry et al. 1993 (Cat. J/AJ/106/773), infrared speckle;
M07 = Martinache et al. 2007ApJ...661..496M 2007ApJ...661..496M, aperture masking;
M91 = McCarthy et al. 1991AJ....101..214M 1991AJ....101..214M, infrared speckle;
NACO = Kervella et al. 2016A&A...593A.127K 2016A&A...593A.127K,
Very Large Telescope/NAos-COnica (VLT/NACO);
NIC = Golimowski et al. 2004AJ....128.1733G 2004AJ....128.1733G,
HST/Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer
(HST/NICMOS);
SPK = Not explained in the text;
VIS = Geyer et al. 1988AJ.....95.1841G 1988AJ.....95.1841G, visual, photographic;
W03 = Woitas et al. 2003A&A...406..293W 2003A&A...406..293W, infrared speckle;
WFPC2 = Schroeder et al. 2000AJ....119..906S 2000AJ....119..906S,
Dieterich et al. 2012 (Cat. J/AJ/144/64),
HST/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (HST/WFPC2).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
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Winters et al., Paper XLV 2019AJ....157..216W 2019AJ....157..216W, Cat. J/AJ/157/216
Vrijmoet et al., Paper XLVI 2020AJ....160..215V 2020AJ....160..215V, Cat. J/AJ/160/215
Dieterich et al., Paper XLVII 2021AJ....161..172D 2021AJ....161..172D, Cat. J/AJ/161/172
Paredes et al., Paper XLVIII 2021AJ....162..176P 2021AJ....162..176P, Cat. J/AJ/162/176
Vrijmoet et al., Paper XLIX 2022AJ....163..178V 2022AJ....163..178V, Cat. J/AJ/163/178
Hubbard-James et al., Paper L 2022AJ....164..174H 2022AJ....164..174H
Kar et al., Paper LI 2024AJ....167..196K 2024AJ....167..196K, Cat. J/AJ/167/196
(End) Prepared by [AAS]; Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 29-May-2017