J/AJ/152/92 Ammonia and CO outflow around 6.7GHz methanol masers (Li+, 2016)
Ammonia and CO outflow around 6.7 GHz methanol masers.
Li F.C., Xu Y., Wu Y.W., Yang J., Lu D.R., Menten K.M., Henkel C.
<Astron. J., 152, 92-92 (2016)>
=2016AJ....152...92L 2016AJ....152...92L (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Masers ; Interstellar medium
Keywords: ISM: jets and outflows - ISM: molecules - line: profiles; masers -
stars: formation - stars: massive
Abstract:
Single point observations are presented in NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2)
inversion transitions using the Effelsberg 100m telescope for a sample
of 100 6.7GHz methanol masers and mapping observations in the 12CO
and 13CO (1-0) transitions using the Purple Mountain Observatory
Delingha 13.7m telescope for 82 sample sources with detected ammonia.
A further 62 sources were selected for either 12CO or 13CO line
outflow identification, producing 45 outflow candidates, 29 using
12CO and 16 using 13CO data. Twenty-two of the outflow candidates
were newly identified, and 23 had trigonometric parallax distances.
Physical properties were derived from ammonia lines and CO outflow
parameters were calculated. Histograms and statistical correlations
for ammonia, CO outflow parameters, and 6.7GHz methanol maser
luminosities are also presented. No significant correlation was found
between ammonia and maser luminosity. However, weak correlations were
found between outflow properties and maser luminosities, which may
indicate that outflows are physically associated with 6.7GHz masers.
Description:
A sample of 100 sources with single point ammonia observations, with
decl. and position accuracy better than 1'', was selected from Caswell
2009 (Cat. J/other/PASA/26.454) and Xu et al. (2009A&A...507.1117X 2009A&A...507.1117X).
Table1 shows the chosen source maser properties.
Single point observations of the sample in ammonia inversion
transitions NH3(1,1) NH3(2,2) were performed during 2011 March and
2012 May using the Effelsberg 100m telescope. See Section 2.2 in the
paper for further details about the ammonia observations.
12CO, 13CO, and C18OJ=1-0 data were obtained using the Purple
Mountain Observatory (PMO) Delingha 13.7m millimeter telescope in 2014
May and June, and supplementary observations were performed in 2015
June. Please refer to Section 2.3 for additional details about the CO
observations.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 74 100 Basic properties of the 6.7GHz masers sample
table2.dat 70 82 Fitting parameters of ammonia lines
table3.dat 67 82 Derived physical properties of ammonia lines
table4.dat 82 45 Parameters for outflow calculations
table5.dat 94 45 Derived outflow properties
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See also:
VIII/96 : 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue (Caswell+, 2010-12)
J/MNRAS/453/645 : Massive molecular outflows distance-limited sample
(Maud+, 2015)
J/A+A/563/A130 : GLIMPSE/BGPS 6.7GHz methanol maser survey (Sun+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/444/566 : Methanol maser associated outflows (de Villiers+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/130 : Parallaxes of high mass star forming regions (Reid+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/431/1752 : ATLASGAL 6.7GHz methanol masers (Urquhart+, 2013)
J/ApJ/753/50 : 6.7GHz methanol masers. I. NH3 lines (Pandian+, 2012)
J/ApJ/741/110 : The BGPS. VII. Massive star-forming regions (Dunham+, 2011)
J/ApJS/195/14 : Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS). V. (Schlingman+, 2011)
J/other/PASA/26.454 : Precise positions of methanol masers (Caswell, 2009)
J/ApJ/669/435 : Arecibo Methanol Maser Galactic Plane Survey. II.
(Pandian+, 2007)
J/A+A/432/737 : Catalog of 6.7GHz Methanol Masers (Pestalozzi+, 2005)
J/A+A/426/503 : Catalog of high velocity molecular outflows (Wu+ 2004)
J/A+A/417/615 : Maser and outflows in UC HII region (Codella+, 2004)
J/A+A/403/1095 : 6.7GHz methanol masers survey of YSO (Minier+, 2003)
J/A+AS/143/269 : 6.7GHz methanol maser emission survey (Szymczak+, 2000)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Source name (GLLL.lll+B.bbb) (1)
16- 17 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (2)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000) (2)
22- 26 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000) (2)
28 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000) (2)
29- 30 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000) (2)
32- 33 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000) (2)
35- 38 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000) (2)
40- 45 F6.1 Jy Speak [0.4/5090] Peak flux density of the 6.7GHz
maser (Speak)
47- 52 F6.2 km/s Vpeak [-56.2/121.2] Peak velocity of the 6.7GHz
maser (Vpeak)
54- 57 A4 --- f_Dist Flag on Dist (π, F, N, T, or X) (3)
59- 63 F5.2 kpc Dist [0.7/13.82] Distance of the 6.7GHz maser
65- 72 E8.4 Lsun Lum [0/0.000236] Luminosity (4)
74 I1 --- Ref [1/4] Reference for position, flux density, and
velocity of the 6.7GHz maser (5)
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Note (1): The 6.7GHz methanol maser sources named after galactic coordinates and
their alternative names.
Note (2): Position of the 6.7GHz maser.
Note (3): The codes for the distance flags are defined as follows:
π = Trigonometric parallax distance taken from Reid et al. 2014
(Cat. J/ApJ/783/130);
F = Far (see Dunham et al. 2011, Cat. J/ApJ/741/110;
Green & McClure-Griffiths 2011MNRAS.417.2500G 2011MNRAS.417.2500G; Schlingman et al.
2011, Cat. J/ApJS/195/14) kinematic distance calculated from the
model A5 given by Reid et al. 2014, Cat. J/ApJ/783/130);
N = Near (see Dunham et al. 2011, Cat. J/ApJ/741/110;
Green & McClure-Griffiths 2011MNRAS.417.2500G 2011MNRAS.417.2500G; Schlingman et al.
2011, Cat. J/ApJS/195/14) kinematic distance calculated from the
model A5 given by Reid et al. 2014, Cat. J/ApJ/783/130);
T = For those in the tangent regions;
X = For those sources that still have ambiguities We take the near
distance.
Note (4): Luminosities calculated from the peak flux densities assuming a
typical line width of 0.25km/s and isotropic emissions.
Note (5): The reference codes are defined as follows:
1 = Pestalozzi et al. 2005 (Cat. J/A+A/432/737);
2 = Green et al. 2010 (Cat. VIII/96);
3 = Caswell 2009 (Cat. J/other/PASA/26.454);
4 = Xu et al. 2009A&A...507.1117X 2009A&A...507.1117X.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Source name (GLLL.lll+B.bbb)
16- 20 F5.1 km/s Vlsr1 [-56.8/120.1] Local Standard of Rest (LSR)
velocity (Vlsr) (1)
22- 25 F4.2 K Tmb1 [0.43/7.45] Main-beam temperature Tmb(1,1) (1)
27- 30 F4.2 K e_Tmb1 [0.04/0.23] Uncertainty in Tmb1 (1)
32- 35 F4.2 km/s DV1 [0.98/8.05] Line width ΔV(1,1) (1)
37- 40 F4.2 km/s e_DV1 [0.02/0.64] Uncertainty in DV1 (1)
42- 45 F4.2 --- tau1 [0.1/4.35] Opacity τ(1,1,m) (1)
47- 50 F4.2 --- e_tau1 [0.01/5.47] Uncertainty in tau1 (1)
52- 55 F4.2 K Tmb2 [0.19/4.49] Main-beam temperature Tmb(2,2) (2)
57- 60 F4.2 K e_Tmb2 [0.03/0.49] Uncertainty in Tmb2 (2)
62- 65 F4.2 km/s DV2 [0.51/7.35] Line width ΔV(2,2) (2)
67- 70 F4.2 km/s e_DV2 [0.04/1.39] Uncertainty in DV2 (2)
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Note (1): For the main component of the NH3(1,1) lines using the "NH3(1,1)"
method. Uncertainties using the CLASS/GILDAS software.
Note (2): For the NH3(2,2) lines using the "GAUSS" method. Uncertainties using
the CLASS/GILDAS software.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Source name (GLLL.lll+B.bbb)
16- 20 F5.2 K Tex [3.3/16.9]? Excitation temperature (Tex) (3)
22- 26 F5.2 K e_Tex [0.1/11.8]? Uncertainty in Tex
28- 32 F5.2 K Trot [9.5/29.5]? Rotational temperature Trot (4)
34- 37 F4.2 K e_Trot [0.32/9.33]? Uncertainty in Trot
39- 43 F5.2 K Tkin [10.6/49.2]? Kinematic temperature Tkin (5)
45- 49 F5.2 K e_Tkin [0.58/25.49]? Uncertainty in Tkin
51- 56 F6.2 10+14cm-2 N(NH3) [2.55/226.65]? Column density (6)
58- 62 F5.2 10+14cm-2 e_N(NH3) [1.39/56.42]? Uncertainty in N(NH3)
64- 67 F4.2 --- eta [0.04/0.66]? Beam filling factor ηff (3)
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Note (3): Derivation and calculation refer to Equation (2).
Note (4): Derivation and calculation refer to Equation (3).
Note (5): Derivation and calculation refer to Equation (4).
Note (6): Derivation and calculation refer to Equation (6).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Outflow name (GLLL.lll+B.bbb)
15 A1 --- f_Name [*] Flag when the source is diagnosed with 13CO
line wing (else with 12CO line wing)
17- 22 F6.2 km/s Vpeak [-56.67/112.51] Peak velocity (v'peak) (1)
24- 26 I3 km/s DVb0 [-73/107]? Starting velocity range of blue line
wing (ΔVb)
28- 32 F5.1 km/s DVb1 [-64/111]? Ending velocity range of blue line wing
(ΔVb)
34- 38 F5.1 km/s DVr0 [-47/115]? Starting velocity range of red line
wing (ΔVr)
40- 44 F5.1 km/s DVr1 [-38/122]? Ending velocity range of red line wing
(ΔVr)
46- 50 F5.2 pc2 Ab [0.05/23.5]? Area of blue lobe (Ab)
52- 56 F5.2 pc2 Ar [0.06/19.74]? Area of red lobe (Ar)
58- 61 F4.2 pc lb [0.15/4.06]? Scale size of the major axis of blue
lobe (lb)
63- 66 F4.2 pc lr [0.15/4.57]? Scale size of the major axis of red
lobe (lr)
68- 72 F5.2 K.km/s Ib [2.41/25.68]? Integrated intensity of the blue
line wing (Ib)
74- 78 F5.2 K.km/s Ir [2.43/34.67]? Integrated intensity of the red line
wing (Ir)
80- 82 A3 --- New Note for new outflow that have not been identified
in the literature (Yes or no)
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Note (1): Of either C18O (signal-to-noise greater than 2) or 13CO (if no
sensitive C18O detection) line corresponding to maser velocity.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 14 A14 --- Name Outflow name (GLLL.lll+B.bbb)
15 A1 --- f_Name [*] Flag for 12CO or 13CO outflow
17- 20 F4.1 10+20cm-2 Nb [0.4/36.6]? H2 gas column density of
blue lobes (Nb) (2)
22- 25 F4.1 10+20cm-2 Nr [0.4/41.5]? H2 gas column density of
red lobes (Nr) (2)
27- 32 F6.2 Msun Mb [0.07/350]? The blue lobe mass (3)
34- 39 F6.2 Msun Mr [0.05/540]? The red lobe mass (3)
41- 46 F6.2 Msun Mo [0.13/540] Total outflow mass of H2 gas
(Mout) (3)
48- 53 F6.1 Msun.km/s po [0.3/2700] Outflow momentum (pout) (4)
55- 61 F7.3 10+45erg Eo [0.008/246] Outflow energy (Eout) (5)
63- 67 F5.1 10+5yr t [1.8/110] Dynamical timescale (6)
69- 74 F6.2 10-5Msun/yr dMo/dt [0.09/180] Mass rate of the outflow
(dMout/dt) (7)
76- 81 F6.3 10-4Msun.km/s/yr Fmech [0.02/77] Mechanical force (Fmech) (8)
83- 88 F6.4 Lsun Lmech [0.0004/7] Mechanical luminosity
(Lmech) (9)
90- 94 I5 Msun Mcore [9/63000] C18O core mass (M_core) (10)
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Note (2): Without inclination correction. Derived from either Equation (8) or
(9) multiplying a conversion factor.
Note (3):
Without inclination correction.
Given the area of the outflow lobe and the column density, the mass of each
lobe was calculated using Equation (10):
Mb/r=(Nb/t*Ab/t)m(H2),
where Ab/r is the blue or red lobe area, and m(H2) is the mass of a
hydrogen molecule.
The total outflow mass was then obtained by adding the masses of each lobe,
Mout=Mb+Mr.
Note (4): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (13).
Note (5): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (14).
Note (6): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (15).
Note (7): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (16).
Note (8): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (17).
Note (9): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (18).
Note (10): Without inclination correction. Derived from Equation (19) and (20).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Sylvain Guehenneux [CDS] 25-Apr-2017