J/AJ/153/66 Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey. III. (Ziegler+, 2017)
Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey.
III. Adaptive optics imaging of 1629 Kepler exoplanet candidate host stars.
Ziegler C., Law N.M., Morton T., Baranec C., Riddle R., Atkinson D.,
Baker A., Roberts S., Ciardi D.R.
<Astron. J., 153, 66-66 (2017)>
=2017AJ....153...66Z 2017AJ....153...66Z (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Photometry ;
Spectral types
Keywords: binaries: close - instrumentation: adaptive optics -
methods: data analysis - methods: observational -
planets and satellites: detection -
techniques: high angular resolution
Abstract:
The Robo-AO Kepler Planetary Candidate Survey is observing every
Kepler planet candidate host star with laser adaptive optics imaging
to search for blended nearby stars, which may be physically associated
companions and/or responsible for transit false positives. In this paper,
we present the results of our search for stars nearby 1629 Kepler planet
candidate hosts. With survey sensitivity to objects as close as ∼0.15",
and magnitude differences Δm=<6, we find 223 stars in the vicinity
of 206 target KOIs; 209 of these nearby stars have not been previously
imaged in high resolution. We measure an overall nearby-star probability
for Kepler planet candidates of 12.6%±0.9% at separations between
0.15" and 4.0". Particularly interesting KOI systems are discussed,
including 26 stars with detected companions that host rocky, habitable
zone candidates and five new candidate planet-hosting quadruple star
systems. We explore the broad correlations between planetary systems
and stellar binarity, using the combined data set of Baranec et al.
(2016, J/AJ/152/18) and this paper. Our previous 2σ result of a
low detected nearby star fraction of KOIs hosting close-in giant planets
is less apparent in this larger data set. We also find a significant
correlation between detected nearby star fraction and KOI number,
suggesting possible variation between early and late Kepler data releases.
Description:
KOI targets were selected from the KOI catalog based on Q1-Q17 Kepler data
(Borucki et al. 2010ApJ...713L.126B 2010ApJ...713L.126B, 2011, J/ApJ/728/117, J/ApJ/736/19;
Batalha et al. 2013, J/ApJS/204/24; Burke et al. 2014, J/ApJS/210/19;
Rowe et al. 2014, J/ApJ/784/45; Thompson et al. 2015, J/ApJ/812/46). We
selected targets not observed in Law et al. 2014ApJ...791...35L 2014ApJ...791...35L and
Baranec et al. 2016, J/AJ/152/18, with the objective of completing the
Robo-AO survey of all KOIs, including those with already detected
companions.
We obtained high-angular-resolution images of the 1629 KOIs during 55
separate nights of observations between 2012 July 16 and 2015 June 12
(UT), detailed in Table 9 in the Appendix. The observations were
performed using the Robo-AO laser adaptive optics system (Riddle et al.
2012SPIE.8447E..2OR; Baranec et al. 2013JVE....7250021B,
2014ApJ...790L...8B 2014ApJ...790L...8B) mounted on the Palomar 1.5 m telescope.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table4.dat 109 58 Secure Detections of Objects within 2.5" of
Kepler Planet Candidates
table5.dat 109 19 Secure Detections of Objects Outside 2.5" and
within 4.0" of Kepler Planet Candidates
table6.dat 109 82 Likely Detections of Objects within 2.5" of
Kepler Planet Candidates
table7.dat 109 64 Likely Detections of Objects Outside 2.5" and
within 4.0" of Kepler Planet Candidates
table8.dat 38 26 Habitable Zone Candidates with Robo-AO Detected
Companions
table9.dat 44 1628 Full Robo-AO Observation List
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
V/133 : Kepler Input Catalog (Kepler Mission Team, 2009)
J/ApJ/728/117 : Kepler planetary candidates. I. (Borucki+, 2011)
J/ApJ/736/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. II. (Borucki+, 2011)
J/ApJ/738/170 : False positive Kepler planet candidates (Morton+, 2011)
J/A+A/546/A10 : Multiplicity in transiting planet-host stars
(Lillo-Box+, 2012)
J/ApJS/204/24 : Kepler planetary candidates. III. (Batalha+, 2013)
J/A+A/566/A103 : Kepler planet host candidates imaging (Lillo-Box+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/45 : Kepler's multiple planet candidates. III. (Rowe+, 2014)
J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of 715 Kepler planet candidates host stars
(Law+, 2014)
J/ApJS/210/19 : Kepler planetary candidates. IV. 22 months (Burke+, 2014)
J/ApJ/806/248 : AO imaging of KOIs with gas giant planets (Wang+, 2015)
J/ApJ/812/46 : Transit metric for Q1-Q17 Kepler candidates (Thompson+, 2015)
J/ApJ/813/130 : Kepler multiple transiting planet systems (Wang+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/8 : Impact of stellar multiplicity on planetary systems I.
(Kraus+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/18 : Robo-AO Kepler planetary candidate survey. II.
(Baranec+, 2016)
J/ApJ/822/86 : False positive probabilities for Q1-Q17 DR24 KOIs
(Morton+, 2016)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table[4567].dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 4 I4 --- KOI [51/7448] Kepler Object of Interest number
6- 9 F4.1 mag imag [9/16.3] i' band magnitude
11- 21 A11 "date" Date Date of the observation
23- 27 A5 --- Filter [LP600 i'] Filter used in the observation
29- 33 F5.1 --- Signi [2.3/224] Detection significance
(in σ units)
35- 38 F4.2 arcsec Sep [0.21/3.99] Angular separation
40- 43 F4.2 arcsec e_Sep [0.03/0.06] Uncertainty in Sep
44 A1 --- n_Sep [d] Note on Sep (only in tables 4 and 6) (1)
46- 48 I3 deg PA [4/357] Position angle
50 I1 deg e_PA [2/2] Uncertainty in PA
51 A1 --- n_PA [d] Note on PA (only in tables 4 and 6) (1)
53- 57 F5.2 mag Dmag [-0.36/7.22] Differential magnitude in Filter
59- 62 F4.2 mag e_Dmag [0.02/0.28] Uncertainty in Dmag
64- 65 A2 --- SpType MK spectral type (2)
67- 74 A8 --- DetHigh Previous high resolution detection reference(s)
(3)
76- 92 A17 --- DetLow Previous low resolution detection reference (4)
94- 97 F4.2 --- FPP1 [0.01/0.02]? Probability that planetary transit
signal is a false positive based on Kepler
data, first value
99-102 F4.2 --- FPP2 [0.02]? Probability that planetary transit
signal is a false positive based on Kepler
data, second value (not in table 5)
104-107 F4.2 --- FPP3 [0.03]? Probability that planetary transit
signal is a false positive based on Kepler
data, third value (only in table 6)
109 I1 --- NKOI [1/5] Number of planet candidate(s) detected
orbiting KOI
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Note as follows:
d = From Keck follow-up, described in Section 4.
Note (2): Estimation method described in Section 3.7.3.
Note (3): Reference as follows:
D14 = Dressing et al. 2014AJ....148...78D 2014AJ....148...78D;
LB12 = Lillo-box et al. 2012, J/A+A/546/A10;
LB14 = Lillo-Box et al. 2014, J/A+A/566/A103;
K16 = Kraus et al. 2016, J/AJ/152/8;
W15 = Wang et al. 2015, J/ApJ/806/248;
CFOP = High angular resolution images available on Kepler Community FollowUp
Observing Program.
Note (4): Reference as follows:
UKIRT = Visible in United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope images;
J* = Companion visible in UKIRT and with 2MASS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 7 F7.2 --- Planet [227.01/6745.01] Planet candidate KOI number
8 A1 --- n_Planet [c] Note on Planet (1)
10- 14 F5.1 d Per [17.7/436.2] Period
16- 19 F4.2 Rgeo Rpi [0.98/3.81] Initial planetary radius estimate
21- 24 F4.2 Rgeo Rpc [1.03/4.46] Corrected planetary radius estimate
26- 28 I3 K Teq [257/364] Equilibrium temperature
30- 33 F4.2 arcsec Sep [0.33/4.27] Angular separation
35- 38 F4.2 mag Dmag [0.04/5.26] Differential magnitude
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Note as follows:
c = Detected in Paper II of this survey (Baranec et al. 2016, J/AJ/152/18).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 6 A6 --- KOI Kepler Object of Interest identifier (K0NNNN)
8- 12 F5.2 mag imag [8.72/18.23] Exoplanet archive i' band magnitude
14- 24 A11 "date" Date Date of the observation
26- 30 A5 --- Filter [LP600 i'] Filter used in the observation
32- 37 A6 --- Q Observation quality description (high, low or
medium)
39- 40 A2 --- SpType Latest detectable companion spectral type
42- 44 A3 --- Det [yes ] Companion detected?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Law et al. Paper I. 2014ApJ...791...35L 2014ApJ...791...35L, Cat. J/ApJ/791/35
Baranec et al. Paper II. 2016AJ....152...18B 2016AJ....152...18B, Cat. J/AJ/152/18
Ziegler et al. Paper IV. 2018AJ....155..161Z 2018AJ....155..161Z, Cat. J/AJ/155/161
Ziegler et al. Paper V. 2018AJ....156...83Z 2018AJ....156...83Z
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 16-Apr-2018