J/AJ/154/129 PSYM-WIDE: planetary-mass companions to YMG members (Naud+, 2017)
PSYM-WIDE: a survey for large-separation planetary-mass companions to late
spectral type members of young moving groups.
Naud M.-E., Artigau E., Doyon R., Malo L., Gagne J., Lafreniere D.,
Wolf C., Magnier E.A.
<Astron. J., 154, 129 (2017)>
=2017AJ....154..129N 2017AJ....154..129N (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Associations, stellar ; Stars, double and multiple ; Stars, ages ;
Proper motions ; Photometry, infrared ; Stars, distances ;
Radial velocities ; Photometry, ugriz ; Stars, masses ; Surveys
Keywords: planets and satellites: detection -
planets and satellites: gaseous planets -
stars: individual (GU Psc) - stars: low-mass
Abstract:
We present the results of a direct imaging survey for very large
separation (>100 AU), low-mass companions around 95 nearby young K5-L5
stars and brown dwarfs. They are high-likelihood candidates or confirmed
members of the young (~<150 Myr) β Pictoris and AB Doradus moving
groups (ABDMG) and the TW Hya, Tucana-Horologium, Columba, Carina, and
Argus associations. Images in i' and z' filters were obtained with the
Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on Gemini South to search for
companions down to an apparent magnitude of z'∼22-24 at separations
≳20" from the targets and in the remainder of the wide 5.5'x5.5' GMOS
field of view. This allowed us to probe the most distant region where
planetary-mass companions could be gravitationally bound to the
targets. This region was left largely unstudied by past high-contrast
imaging surveys, which probed much closer-in separations. This survey
led to the discovery of a planetary-mass (9-13 MJup) companion at
2000 AU from the M3V star GU Psc, a highly probable member of ABDMG.
No other substellar companions were identified. These results allowed
us to constrain the frequency of distant planetary-mass companions
(5-13 MJup) to 0.84-0.66+6.73% (95% confidence) at semimajor axes
between 500 and 5000 AU around young K5-L5 stars and brown dwarfs.
This is consistent with other studies suggesting that gravitationally
bound planetary-mass companions at wide separations from low-mass
stars are relatively rare.
Description:
This paper presents the results of the PSYM-WIDE survey of 95 stars
with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS; Hook et al.
2004PASP..116..425H 2004PASP..116..425H) at Gemini South. PSYM-WIDE was designed specifically
to detect planetary-mass companions at large (500-5000 AU) separations.
The sample of stars surveyed in this work has been drawn primarily
from high-probability YMG members identified by the Bayesian analysis
presented in Malo et al. (2013, J/ApJ/762/88), Malo et al.
(2014ApJ...792...37M 2014ApJ...792...37M), and Gagne et al. (2014, J/ApJ/783/121).
The observations were carried out in 2011-2012 at Gemini South during
three different semesters. Broadband imaging was performed with GMOS
in the i' (iG0327, 700-850 nm) and z' (zG0328, >850 nm) filters. The
GMOS detector is made of three 2048x4608 CCDs, with a pixel scale of
0.073"/pixel, for a total field of view of 5.5' squared.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 147 95 Target sample properties
table2.dat 91 95 Sample age and distance
table4.dat 68 190 Summary of individual target observations
table5.dat 65 95 5σ detection limits
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/297 : NOMAD Catalog (Zacharias+ 2005)
III/252 : Pulkovo radial velocities for 35493 HIP stars (Gontcharov, 2006)
I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)
I/317 : The PPMXL Catalog (Roeser+ 2010)
I/322 : UCAC4 Catalogue (Zacharias+, 2012)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
V/137 : Extended Hipparcos Compilation (XHIP) (Anderson+, 2012)
J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)
J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young stars
(Torres+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/866 : New M dwarfs in solar neighborhood (Riaz+, 2006)
J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)
J/AJ/133/2258 : Activity and kinematics of ultracool dwarfs (Schmidt+, 2007)
J/AJ/140/119 : βPic and AB Dor moving groups members
(Schlieder+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/100 : NIR proper motion survey using 2MASS (Kirkpatrick+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)
J/AJ/143/80 : R Low-mass stars of beta Pic and AB Dor groups
(Schlieder+, 2012)
J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Parallaxes for 70 ultracool dwarfs
(Faherty+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)
J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)
J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members
(Malo+, 2013)
J/AJ/147/85 : Solar neighborhood. XXXIII. 45 M dwarfs (Riedel+, 2014)
J/ApJ/783/121 : BANYAN II. Nearby young assoc. candidate members
(Gagne+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/81 : BANYAN III. RVel and rotation of low-mass stars
(Malo+, 2014)
J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)
J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)
J/AJ/154/69 : ACRONYM II. The β Pictoris Moving Group
(Shkolnik+, 2017)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 26 F8.4 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
28- 35 F8.4 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
37- 42 F6.1 mas/yr pmRA [-603.8/320.4] Proper motion along RA
(µα*cosδ)
44- 47 F4.1 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.3/17.9] Uncertainty in pmRA
49- 54 F6.1 mas/yr pmDE [-728.9/340.9] Proper motion along DE
56- 59 F4.1 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.3/26.7] Uncertainty in pmDE
61- 64 A4 --- r_pm Reference for proper motion vectors (1)
66- 75 A10 --- SpType Spectral type (2)
77- 80 A4 --- r_SpType Reference for SpType (3)
82- 86 F5.2 mag Imag [7.39/14.13]? I band magnitude
88- 89 A2 --- r_Imag Reference for Imag (3)
91- 95 F5.2 mag Jmag [6.18/15.79] 2MASS J band magnitude
97-101 F5.2 mag Hmag [5.61/14.83] 2MASS H band magnitude
103-107 F5.2 mag Ksmag [5.31/14.01] 2MASS Ks band magnitude
109-113 F5.2 mag W1mag [5.18/13.41] WISE W1 band magnitude
115-119 F5.2 mag W2mag [4.87/12.96] WISE W2 band magnitude
121-125 F5.2 pc Dist [7.07/48.3]? Trigonometric distance
127-131 F5.2 pc e_Dist [0.03/15.4]? Uncertainty in Dist
133-134 A2 --- r_Dist Reference for Dist (3)
136-140 F5.1 km/s RV [-15.1/41.3]? Radial velocity
142-144 F3.1 km/s e_RV [0/4.1]? Uncertainty in RV
146-147 A2 --- r_RV Reference for RV (3)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
F16 = Faherty et al. (2016, J/ApJS/225/10);
Ri11 = Riedel et al. (2011AJ....142..104R 2011AJ....142..104R);
Ro10 = Roeser et al. (2010, Cat. I/317);
Z05 = Zacharias et al. (2005, Cat. I/297);
Z12 = Zacharias et al. (2012, Cat. I/322A);
vL07 = van Leeuwen (2007, Cat. I/311);
2MAW = Measured from 2MASS (Cat. II/246) and WISE (Cat. II/311).
Note (2): The symbols β and γ are used when referring to
Allers et al. (2013ApJ...772...79A 2013ApJ...772...79A) INT-G and VL-G gravity classes.
Note (3): Spectral type references from Riaz et al. (2006, J/AJ/132/866)
unless otherwise stated.
I band magnitude from Zacharias et al. (2012, Cat. I/322) unless
otherwise stated.
Radial velocities from Malo et al. (2014, J/ApJ/788/81) unless
otherwise stated.
Otherwise references as follows:
a = Anderson & Francis (2012, Cat. V/137);
b = Bailey et al. (2012ApJ...749...16B 2012ApJ...749...16B);
c = Bergfors et al. (2010A&A...520A..54B 2010A&A...520A..54B);
d = Bowler et al. (2015, Cat. J/ApJS/216/7);
e = Cruz et al. (2003, J/AJ/126/2421);
f = Cruz et al. (2007, J/AJ/133/439);
g = Cruz et al. (2009AJ....137.3345C 2009AJ....137.3345C);
h = Donaldson et al. (2016ApJ...833...95D 2016ApJ...833...95D);
i = Epchtein et al. (1997Msngr..87...27E 1997Msngr..87...27E);
j = Faherty et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/56);
k = Faherty et al. (2016, J/ApJS/225/10);
l = Gagne, private communication;
m = Gontcharov (2006, Cat. III/252);
n = Janson et al. (2012, J/ApJ/754/44);
o = Kirkpatrick et al. (2010, J/ApJS/190/100);
p = Kiss et al. (2011MNRAS.411..117K 2011MNRAS.411..117K);
q = Koen et al. (2010, J/MNRAS/403/1949);
r = Malo et al. (2013, J/ApJ/762/88);
s = Malo et al. (2014, J/ApJ/788/81);
t = Reid et al. (2002AJ....124..519R 2002AJ....124..519R);
u = Reid et al. (2008AJ....135..580R 2008AJ....135..580R);
v = Riaz et al. (2006, J/AJ/132/866);
w = Rice et al. (2010ApJ...715L.165R 2010ApJ...715L.165R);
x = Riedel et al. (2011AJ....142..104R 2011AJ....142..104R);
y = Riedel et al. (2014, J/AJ/147/85);
z = Rodriguez et al. (2011ApJ...727...62R 2011ApJ...727...62R);
aa = Roeser et al. (2010, Cat. I/317);
bb = Schmidt et al. (2007, J/AJ/133/2258);
cc = Shkolnik et al. (2011ApJ...727....6S 2011ApJ...727....6S);
dd = Shkolnik et al. (2012, J/ApJ/758/56);
ee = Torres et al. ( 2006, J/A+A/460/695);
ff = van Leeuwen (2007, Cat. I/311);
gg = Weis (1991AJ....102.1795W 1991AJ....102.1795W);
hh = Zacharias et al. (2005, Cat. I/297);
ii = Zacharias et al. (2012, Cat. I/322A).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 21 A3 --- Status Status (1)
23- 25 I3 Myr b_Age [3/200] Adopted age range, lower value
27- 31 I5 Myr B_Age [12/10000] Adopted age range, upper value
33- 64 A32 --- Age-cons Age constraint(s) (2)
66- 67 I2 pc b_Dist [7/88] Adopted distance, lower value
69- 71 I3 pc B_Dist [7/107] Adopted distance, upper value
73- 91 A19 --- Dist-src Distance source(s) (2)
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Note (1): Status defined as follows:
BF = Bona Fide;
HLC = High Likelihood Candidate, unambiguous membership (High probability
considering radial velocity and/or parallax measurement(s));
C = Candidate (High probability without RV or plx confirmation);
AY = Ambiguous young (more than one association has a high probability);
YO = Other young star;
NYI = No Youth Indicator.
Note (2): For High Likelihood Candidates and stars with ambiguous membership,
the total range of the association(s) is given.
Age and distance constraints and sources defined as follows:
ABDMG = AB Doradus moving group;
ARG = Argus association;
BPMG = Β Pictoris moving group;
CAR = Carina association;
COL = Columba association;
FIELD = Field star characteristics;
Halpha = Hα in emission;
Li = Lithium absorption present;
NoLi = No Lithium absorption present;
ScoCen = Scorpius-Centaurus OB association;
THA = Tucana-Horologium association;
TWA = TW Hya association;
YO = Other young stars;
dkin = Kinematic distance;
dph = Photometric distance;
ds = Statistical distance;
dsp = Spectrophotometric distance;
pi = Parallax distance measurement;
Allers2013 = Allers et al. (2013ApJ...772...79A 2013ApJ...772...79A);
Cruz2009 = Cruz et al. (2009AJ....137.3345C 2009AJ....137.3345C);
Donaldson:2016uk = Donaldson et al. (2016ApJ...833...95D 2016ApJ...833...95D);
Faherty2016 = Faherty et al. (2016, J/ApJS/225/10);
Kiss2011 = Kiss et al. (2011MNRAS.411..117K 2011MNRAS.411..117K);
Maloinprep. = Malo et al., in preparation;
Riaz2006 = Riaz et al. (2006, J/AJ/132/866);
Riedel11 = Riedel et al. (2011AJ....142..104R 2011AJ....142..104R);
Riedel2014 = Riedel et al. (2014, J/AJ/147/85);
Rodriguez2011 = Rodriguez et al. (2011ApJ...727...62R 2011ApJ...727...62R);
Shkolnik2011 = Shkolnik et al. (2011ApJ...727....6S 2011ApJ...727....6S);
Shkolnik2012 = Shkolnik et al. (2012, J/ApJ/758/56);
vanLeeuwen2007 = van Leeuwen (2007, Cat. I/311).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 19 A1 --- Filt [iz] Filter
21- 30 A10 "date" Date1 First UT date of observation
32- 41 A10 "date" Date2 Second UT date of observation
43 I1 --- Nexp [2/7] Number of exposures
45- 48 A4 --- Cond [phot lc] Observing condition (1)
50- 52 F3.1 arcsec FWHM [0.5/1.6] Full width at half maximum
54- 58 F5.2 mag Zpt [25.2/27.07] Photometric zeropoint
60- 63 F4.2 mag e_Zpt [0.01/0.25] Uncertainty in Zpt
65- 68 A4 --- Zpt-src Source of the zeropoint (2)
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Note (1): The observing condition was assigned based on the variation between
the 3 or more exposures in the filter. They are defined as follows:
phot = Photometric; if the RMS is <3%;
lc = Light clouds.
Note (2): Source of the zero point as follows:
SDSS = Field calibrated with SDSS;
SM = Field calibrated with Sky Mapper;
PS = Field calibrated with Pan-STARRS;
med = Lacks direct calibration; the median of the zero points for all
calibrated fields with photometric observations was assigned.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 17 A17 --- 2MASS 2MASS identifier (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
19- 20 I2 arcsec b_Sep [2/71] Projected separation, lower value
22- 24 I3 arcsec B_Sep [98/177] Projected separation, upper value
26- 29 I4 AU b_SepAU [103/2472] Projected separation in AU, lower
value (1)
31- 35 I5 AU B_SepAU [1041/15464] Projected separation in AU, upper
value (1)
37- 40 F4.1 mag zmag [21.5/23.9] z band apparent magnitude limit
42- 45 F4.1 mag b_zMag [17.9/23.9] Absolute z band magnitude, lower
value (2)
47- 50 F4.1 mag B_zMag [18.1/23.9] Absolute z band magnitude, upper
value (2)
52- 55 F4.1 Mjup b_Mass [2.1/10.6]? Mass interval, lower value (3)
57- 60 F4.1 Mjup B_Mass [2.5/28.9]? Mass interval, upper value (3)
62 A1 --- l_Massmax [<] Limit flag on Massmax
63- 65 F3.1 Mjup Massmax [2.3/3.2]? Upper limit value of mass (3)
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Note (1): Considering the average of the distance range given in Table 2.
Note (2): Considering the full distance range given in Table 2.
Note (3): Using the full distance and age ranges given in Table 2 in the
Baraffe et al. (2003A&A...402..701B 2003A&A...402..701B) evolutionary models.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 11-Jun-2018