J/AJ/155/122 HAZMAT. III. Low-mass stars GALEX photometry (Schneider+, 2018)
HAZMAT.
III. The UV evolution of mid- to late-M stars with GALEX.
Schneider A.C., Shkolnik E.L.
<Astron. J., 155, 122 (2018)>
=2018AJ....155..122S 2018AJ....155..122S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Stars, late-type ; Stars, M-type ;
Spectral types ; Photometry, infrared ; Photometry, ultraviolet
Keywords: stars: low-mass
Abstract:
Low-mass stars are currently the most promising targets for detecting
and characterizing habitable planets in the solar neighborhood.
However, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by such stars can
erode and modify planetary atmospheres over time, drastically
affecting their habitability. Thus, knowledge of the UV evolution of
low-mass stars is critical for interpreting the evolutionary history
of any orbiting planets. Shkolnik & Barman (2014, J/AJ/148/64) used
photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) to show how UV
emission evolves for early-type M stars (>0.35 M☉). In this
paper, we extend their work to include both a larger sample of low-mass
stars with known ages as well as M stars with lower masses. We find
clear evidence that mid- and late-type M stars (0.08-0.35 M☉) do
not follow the same UV evolutionary trend as early-Ms. Lower-mass M stars
retain high levels of UV activity up to field ages, with only a factor
of 4 decrease on average in GALEX NUV and FUV flux density between young
(<50 Myr) and old (∼5 Gyr) stars, compared to a factor of 11 and 31 for
early-Ms in NUV and FUV, respectively. We also find that the FUV/NUV
flux density ratio, which can affect the photochemistry of important
planetary biosignatures, is mass- and age-dependent for early-Ms, but
remains relatively constant for the mid- and late-type Ms in our sample.
Description:
In this third installment of the Habitable Zones and M dwarf Activity
across Time (HAZMAT) series, we extend the study of the UV environments
of low-mass stars at various ages to later spectral types. We investigated
young associations and clusters from Shkolnik & Barman (2014, J/AJ/148/64)
with confirmed low-mass members. These included the TW Hya Association
(10±3 Myr; Bell et al. 2015, J/MNRAS/454/593), the β Pictoris
moving group (24±3 Myr; Bell et al. 2015, J/MNRAS/454/593, 26±3 Myr;
Nielsen et al. 2016AJ....152..175N 2016AJ....152..175N, 22±6 Myr; Shkolnik et al.
2017AJ....154...69S 2017AJ....154...69S), the Tucana-Horologium moving group (45±4 Myr;
Bell et al. 2015, J/MNRAS/454/593), the AB Doradus Moving Group
(149-19+51; Bell et al. 2015, J/MNRAS/454/593), the Hyades
(625±50 Myr; Perryman et al. 1998, J/A+A/331/81), and objects with
field ages (∼5 Gyr).
All photometry gathered from GALEX for this paper was found using the
GalexView tool (http://galex.stsci.edu/galexview/). We used a 10.0" search
radius and proper-motion-corrected coordinates (to epoch 2007) for each
object. We exclude all photometry with photometric flags that signal a
bright star window reflection, dichroic reflection, detector run proximity,
or bright star ghost, as recommended in the GALEX documentation.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table5.dat 133 642 Target sample GALEX photometry
refs.dat 101 109 List of references
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See also:
I/130 : LDS Catalogue: Doubles with Common Proper Motion (Luyten 1940-87)
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
J/A+A/18/341 : Double stars of equal components (Stock+, 1972)
J/AJ/80/379 : Hyades cluster: motion, membership, and distance
(Hanson+, 1975)
J/MNRAS/257/257 : Proper motions in the Hyades (Reid 1992)
J/A+A/331/81 : Hyades membership (Perryman+ 1998)
J/ApJS/173/673 : M dwarf UV flares in GALEX (Welsh+, 2007)
J/A+A/481/661 : Hyades brown dwarfs and very low mass stars (Bouvier+, 2008)
J/AcA/58/405 : ASAS eclipsing binaries with RASS counterpart
(Szczygiel+, 2008)
J/A+A/509/A52 : Search for companions with VLT/NACO (Chauvin+, 2010)
J/AJ/140/119 : βPic and AB Dor moving groups members
(Schlieder+, 2010)
J/A+A/531/A92 : Deep all-sky census of the Hyades (Roeser+, 2011)
J/AJ/143/80 : Low-mass member candidates of β Pic & AB DOR
(Schlieder+, 2012)
J/AJ/143/134 : Candidate members of β Pic / AB Dor groups
(McCarthy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/753/147 : Herschel observations stars in THA (Donaldson+, 2012)
J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)
J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)
J/A+A/559/A43 : Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) observations of the Hyades
(Goldman+, 2013)
J/AJ/146/76 : Astrometry and photometry of UCAC4 double stars
(Hartkopf+, 2013)
J/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate members
(Malo+, 2013)
J/ApJ/766/9 : GALEX observations of exoplanet host stars (Shkolnik, 2013)
J/MNRAS/431/2063 : UV/X-ray activity of M dwarfs within 10pc (Stelzer+, 2013)
J/A+A/568/A26 : SACY. V. Multiple systems (Elliott+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/85 : Solar neighborhood. XXXIII. 45 M dwarfs (Riedel+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/64 : HAZMAT. I. FUV and NUV emission in early M stars
(Shkolnik+, 2014)
J/ApJ/788/81 : BANYAN III. RVel and rotation of low-mass stars
(Malo+, 2014)
J/A+A/583/A85 : Binaries in beta Pic moving group (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)
J/ApJ/798/73 : BANYAN All-Sky Survey (BASS) catalog. V. Nearby YMGs
(Gagne+, 2015)
J/ApJS/216/7 : Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). IV. (Bowler+, 2015)
J/ApJS/219/33 : BANYAN. VII. Candidate YMG members from BASS (Gagne+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)
J/A+A/590/A13 : New candidate members in young associations (Elliott+, 2016)
J/A+A/599/A70 : Young moving group M-dwarf multiplicity (Janson+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/67 : HAZMAT. II. Low-mass stars with GALEX UV observations
(Miles+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/69 : ACRONYM II. The β Pictoris Moving Group
(Shkolnik+, 2017)
J/ApJ/840/87 : Young star systems observed with SALT (Riedel+, 2017)
J/ApJ/846/93 : The multiplicity of M dwarfs in young moving groups
(Shan+, 2017)
http://galex.stsci.edu/galexview/ : GalexView
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 8 A8 --- ID Cluster/group identifier
10- 25 A16 --- 2MASS 2MASS designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)
27- 28 I2 --- DisRef [1/56]? Discovery reference code (see refs.dat
file) (1)
30- 33 A4 --- SpType MK spectral type
35- 40 F6.3 mag Jmag [4.203/15.35] 2MASS J band magnitude
42- 46 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.017/0.3] Uncertainty in Jmag
48 A1 --- l_FUVmag [>] Limit flag on FUVmag
49- 54 F6.3 mag FUVmag [16.501/25.733]? GALEX FUV band magnitude (2)
56- 60 F5.3 mag e_FUVmag [0.005/0.71]? Uncertainty in FUVmag (2)
62 A1 --- l_NUVmag [>] Limit flag on NUVmag
63- 68 F6.3 mag NUVmag [15/24.244]? GALEX NUV band magnitude (2)
70- 74 F5.3 mag e_NUVmag [0.003/0.674]? Uncertainty in NUVmag (2)
76 A1 --- l_fFUV/fJ [<] Limit flag on fFUV/fJ
77- 84 E8.2 --- fFUV/fJ [9.82e-08/0.0061]? Ratio of FUV to J bands flux
densities
86 A1 --- l_fNUV/fJ [<] Limit flag on fNUV/fJ
87- 94 E8.2 --- fNUV/fJ [1.44e-06/0.0456]? Ratio of NUV to J bands flux
densities
96-125 A30 --- Bin Binary information (VB=Visual binary,
SB=Spectroscopic binary)
127-133 A7 --- r_Bin Binary reference(s) (see refs.dat file)
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Note (1): Discovery references refer to the first publication to suggest cluster
or moving group membership. Because the field sample is a volume-limited
sample and not a coeval cluster or group, we do not include discovery
references for this sample.
Note (2): If an object has no value given for either FUV or NUV, it was either
not covered by that detector or had only detections with bad photometric
contamination flags.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 3 I3 --- Ref Reference code
5- 30 A26 --- Aut Author's name(s)
32- 50 A19 --- Bibcode Bibcode of the reference
52-101 A50 --- Com Comment
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Shkolnik et al. Paper I. 2014AJ....148...64S 2014AJ....148...64S Cat. J/AJ/148/64
Miles et al. Paper II. 2017AJ....154...67M 2017AJ....154...67M Cat. J/AJ/154/67
Schneider et al. Paper III. 2018AJ....155..122S 2018AJ....155..122S This catalog
Parke Loyd et al. Paper IV. 2018ApJ...867...70P 2018ApJ...867...70P
Richey-Yowell et al. Paper V. 2019ApJ...872...17R 2019ApJ...872...17R Cat. J/ApJ/872/17
Peacock et al. Paper VI. 2020ApJ...895....5P 2020ApJ...895....5P
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 06-Nov-2018