J/AJ/156/137 Wide-orbit Exoplanet search with IR Direct imaging (Baron+, 2018)
WEIRD: Wide-orbit Exoplanet search with InfraRed Direct imaging.
Baron F., Artigau E., Rameau J., Lafreniere D., Gagne J., Malo L.,
Albert L., Naud M.-E., Doyon R., Janson M., Delorme P., Beichman C.
<Astron. J., 156, 137-137 (2018)>
=2018AJ....156..137B 2018AJ....156..137B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, double and multiple ; Exoplanets ; Spectral types ;
Photometry, infrared ; Proper motions ; Radial velocities ;
Stars, distances ; Surveys
Keywords: planets and satellites: gaseous planets -
planets and satellites: detection
Abstract:
We report results from the Wide-orbit Exoplanet search with InfraRed
Direct imaging, or WEIRD, a survey designed to search for Jupiter-like
companions on very wide orbits (1000-5000 au) around young stars (<120 Myr)
that are known members of moving groups in the solar neighborhood (<70 pc).
Companions that share the same age, distance, and metallicity as their
host while being on large enough orbits to be studied as "isolated" objects
make prime targets for spectroscopic observations, and they are valuable
benchmark objects for exoplanet atmosphere models. The search strategy
is based on deep imaging in multiple bands across the near-infrared
domain. For all 177 objects of our sample, z'ab, J, [3.6], and [4.5]
images were obtained with CFHT/MegaCam, GEMINI/GMOS, CFHT/WIRCam,
GEMINI/Flamingos-2, and Spitzer/IRAC. Using this set of four images per
target, we searched for sources with red z'ab and [3.6]-[4.5] colors,
typically reaching good completeness down to 2 MJup companions, while
going down to 1 MJup for some targets, at separations of 1000-5000 au.
The search yielded four candidate companions with the expected colors,
but they were all rejected through follow-up proper motion observations.
Our results constrain the occurrence of 1-13 MJup planetary-mass
companions on orbits with a semimajor axis between 1000 and 5000 au at
less than 0.03, with a 95% confidence level.
Description:
All targets in our sample were observed with deep seeing-limited J and
z'ab imaging at either the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) with
WIRCam (Puget et al. 2004SPIE.5492..978P 2004SPIE.5492..978P) and Megacam (Boulade et al.
1998SPIE.3355..614B 1998SPIE.3355..614B), or at Gemini-South with GMOS-S (Hook et al.
2004PASP..116..290P 2004PASP..116..290P; Gimeno et al. 2016SPIE.9908E..2SG) and Flamingos-2
(Eikenberry et al. 2012SPIE.8446E..0IE), as well as with Spitzer/IRAC
(Fazio et al. 2004ApJS..154...10F 2004ApJS..154...10F) in the [3.6] and [4.5] bands. Stars
with a decl.←35° were observed from the ground at the Gemini-South
Observatory while the others were observed at the CFHT. Throughout this
work, all the J-band magnitudes are in the Vega system while all the
z'ab magnitudes are in the AB system.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 132 176 Properties of the sample of bona fide members
table3.dat 96 176 More properties of the sample of bona fide
members
table4.dat 90 176 J-band observations for all targets in the
sample
table5.dat 90 176 z'ab-band observations for all targets in the
sample
table6.dat 62 176 7σ detection limits in the J band
table7.dat 62 176 7σ detection limits in the [4.5] band
table8.dat 96 17 Properties of the candidates without MIPS data
or detection
table9.dat 118 4 Properties of the candidates identified through
color cuts
table10.dat 45 176 Parametrization of the J-band images fraction
of pixel as a logistic function
table11.dat 45 176 Parametrization of Spitzer's fraction of pixels
as a logistic function
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See also:
J/PASP/122/162 : Direct imaging of exoplanets (Beichman+, 2010)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Source identifier
25- 28 A4 --- m_Name Multiplicity index on Name
30- 31 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
33- 34 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
36- 40 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
42 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
43- 44 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
46- 47 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
49- 53 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
55- 65 A11 mag SpType MK spectral type
67- 72 F6.3 mag Jmag [1.854/13.595] Apparent J band magnitude
74- 78 F5.3 mag e_Jmag [0.003/1.054] Uncertainty in Jmag
80- 85 F6.3 mag Hmag [1.925/12.897] Apparent H band magnitude
87- 91 F5.3 mag e_Hmag [0.003/9.996] Uncertainty in Hmag
93- 98 F6.3 mag Kmag [1.883/12.371] Apparent K band magnitude
100-104 F5.3 mag e_Kmag [0.005/0.354] Uncertainty in Kmag
106-111 F6.3 mag W1mag [2.794/11.976]? Apparent WISE 3.4 micron band
magnitude
113-118 F6.3 mag e_W1mag [0.021/9.007]? Uncertainty in W1mag
120-125 F6.3 mag W2mag [1.49/11.623]? Apparent WISE 4.6 micron band
magnitude
127-132 F6.3 mag e_W2mag [0.017/0.114]? Uncertainty in W2mag
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Source identifier
25- 28 A4 --- m_Name Multiplicity index on Name
30- 36 F7.2 mas/yr pmRA [-497.68/415] Proper motion along RA*cos(DE)
38- 42 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmRA [0.09/20] Uncertainty in pmRA
44- 50 F7.2 mas/yr pmDE [-365.6/340.92] Proper motion along DE
52- 56 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmDE [0.1/38] Uncertainty in pmDE
58- 62 F5.1 km/s RV [-26.7/40] Radial velocity
64- 67 F4.1 km/s e_RV [0.1/19.9] Uncertainty in RV
69- 73 F5.2 pc Dist [8.38/69.01] Distance
75- 78 F4.2 pc e_Dist [0.04/7.63] Uncertainty in Dist
80- 96 A17 --- Assoc Association identifier
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Source identifier
25 A1 --- m_Name Multiplicity index on Name
27- 34 A8 --- Filter Filter used
36- 42 A7 --- Inst Instrument used
44- 53 A10 "date" Date Observation date
55- 56 I2 --- Nexp [1/54] Number of exposures
58- 61 I4 s Exp [45/4761] Exposition time
63- 66 F4.2 arcsec FWHM [0/5.57] Full-Width at Half-Maximum
68- 76 A9 --- Cat Catalog (1)
78- 90 A13 --- Cond Observation conditions description (2)
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Note (1): When no catalog data were available for a given image, or when less
than five objects with a magnitude measurement were available in the field of
view, we used the median zero point for the given observing condition,
instrument, and filter of the image.
Note (2): For a sequence of observations of a given field, we calculated the
standard deviation of the flux variations of the 20 brightest stars, as
compared to a reference image from the sequence. If this variation was higher
than 3%, then we considered that the images of that target were not taken in
photometric conditions ("patchy clouds"); otherwise we considered that the
images were taken under photometric conditions ("photometric").
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat table7.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Source identifier
25 A1 --- m_Name Multiplicity index on Name
27- 29 I3 arcmin amin1 [0/172] Minimum angular distance
31- 33 I3 arcmin amax1 [0/630] Maximum angular distance
35- 38 I4 AU amin2 [0/9399] Minimum physical distance
40- 44 I5 AU amax2 [0/40070] Maximum physical distance
46- 49 F4.1 mag mag [0/23.5] Apparent magnitude in J band (table 6)
or z'ab-band (table 7)
51- 55 F5.2 mag Mag [-3.1/22.7] Absolute magnitude in J band
(table 6) or z'ab-band (table 7)
57 A1 --- l_Mass [<] Limit flag on Mass
58- 62 F5.1 MJup Mass [0/319] Mass limit
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table8.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 2 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
4- 5 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
7- 12 F6.3 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
14 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
15- 16 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
18- 19 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
21- 25 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
27- 36 A10 --- Name Host star name
38 A1 --- l_zmag [>] Limit flag on zmag
39- 43 F5.2 mag zmag [22.15/25.06] Limiting magnitude in z'ab-band
45 A1 --- l_Jmag [>] Limit flag on Jmag
46- 50 F5.2 mag Jmag [20/21.71] Limiting magnitude in J-band
52- 56 F5.2 mag 3.6mag [15.59/19.38] Apparent magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC
3.6 micron band
58- 61 F4.2 mag e_3.6mag [0.05/0.25] Uncertainty in 3.6mag
63- 67 F5.2 mag 4.5mag [15.62/18.65] Apparent magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC
4.5 micron band
69- 72 F4.2 mag e_4.5mag [0.05/0.25] Uncertainty in 4.5mag
74- 81 F8.4 AU Sep [57.8078/192.299] Separation from the host star
83- 87 F5.3 AU e_Sep [0.017/0.188] Uncertainty in Sep
89- 92 F4.1 pc Dist [24.5/67.9] Distance of the host star
94- 96 F3.1 pc e_Dist [0.4/4.5] Uncertainty in Dist
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table9.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 9 A9 --- Name Host star name
11 A1 --- m_Name Multiplicity index on Name
13- 22 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
24- 34 F11.7 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
36- 40 F5.2 mag zMag [18.26/18.83] Absolute z'ab-band magnitude
42- 45 F4.2 mag e_zMag [0.07/1.7] Uncertainty in zMag
47- 51 F5.2 mag JMag [15.98/16.88] Absolute J-band magnitude
53- 56 F4.2 mag e_JMag [0.02/0.12] Uncertainty in JMag
58- 62 F5.2 mag 3.6Mag [13.82/14.46] Absolute magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC
3.6 micron band
64- 67 F4.2 mag e_3.6Mag [0.06/0.12] Uncertainty in 3.6Mag
69- 73 F5.2 mag 4.5Mag [13.31/13.65] Absolute magnitude in Spitzer/IRAC
4.5 micron band
75- 78 F4.2 mag e_4.5Mag [0.05/0.11] Uncertainty in 4.5Mag
80- 83 I4 AU Sep [1670/6365] Separation
85- 87 I3 AU e_Sep [89/442] Uncertainty in Sep
89- 94 F6.2 mas/yr pmRA [-46.71/27.52] Proper motion along RA*cos(DE)
96-100 F5.2 mas/yr e_pmRA [9.76/26] Uncertainty in pmRA
102-107 F6.2 mas/yr pmDE [-12.86/16.75] Proper motion along DE
109-116 F8.5 mas/yr e_pmDE [9.53/30.27] Uncertainty in pmDE
118 I1 --- Nsig [3/8] Number of sigma at which the proper motion
of the candidate differ from the host star's
proper motion (1)
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Note (1): The candidates are rejected at 3σ or higher.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table10.dat table11.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 23 A23 --- Name Source identifier
25 A1 --- m_Name Multiplicity index on Name
27- 31 F5.2 --- a0 [-7.5/38.04] Steepness of the curve, a0 (1)
33- 37 F5.2 --- a1 [0/13.6] x-value of the midpoint, a1 (1)
39- 45 F7.4 --- a2 [-4.1604/7.8436] The a2 parameter (1)
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Note (1): In general, the fraction of pixel for an individual target can be
fitted by a logistic function with the shape of 1/(e-a0(x-a1)+ea2).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 04-Mar-2019