J/AJ/156/75 Circumstellar disks in the Upper Sco association (Esplin+, 2018)
A WISE survey of circumstellar disks in the Upper Scorpius association.
Esplin T.L., Luhman K.L., Miller E.B., Mamajek E.E.
<Astron. J., 156, 75 (2018)>
=2018AJ....156...75E 2018AJ....156...75E (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Associations, stellar ; Molecular clouds ; Accretion ;
Spectral types ; Equivalent widths ; Photometry, infrared ;
Stars, pre-main sequence
Keywords: accretion, accretion disks - brown dwarfs - protoplanetary disks -
stars: formation - stars: low-mass - stars: pre-main sequence
Abstract:
We have performed a survey for new members of the Upper Sco association
that have circumstellar disks using mid-infrared photometry from the
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Through optical and
near-infrared spectroscopy, we have confirmed 185 candidates as likely
members of Upper Sco with spectral types ranging from mid-K to M9. They
comprise ∼36% of the known disk-bearing members of the association. We
also have compiled all available mid-infrared photometry from WISE and
the Spitzer Space Telescope for the known members of Upper Sco, resulting
in a catalog of data for 1608 objects. We have used these data to identify
the members that exhibit excess emission from disks and we have classified
the evolutionary stages of those disks with criteria similar to those
applied in our previous studies of Taurus and Upper Sco. Among 484 members
with excesses in at least one band (excluding five Be stars), we classify
296 disks as full, 66 as evolved, 19 as transitional, 22 as evolved or
transitional, and 81 as evolved transitional or debris. Many of these
disks have not been previously reported, including 129 full disks and
50 disks that are at more advanced evolutionary stages.
Description:
Our survey for new disk-bearing members of Upper Sco is based primarily
on data from the WISE mission (Wright et al. 2010AJ....140.1868W 2010AJ....140.1868W). Data
from the fully cryogenic phase and the entire 13-month mission were
released in the WISE All-Sky Source Catalog (Cat. II/311) and the AllWISE
Source Catalog (Cat. II/328), respectively. We initially used the WISE
All-Sky Catalog for our survey. We repeated our analysis with the
AllWISE Source Catalog when it was released.
We performed spectroscopy on 233 candidate disk-bearing stars to measure
their spectral types and check for signatures of youth. The spectra were
taken with SpeX (Rayner et al. 2003PASP..115..362R 2003PASP..115..362R) at the NASA Infrared
Telescope Facility (IRTF), the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph at
the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR), and the Cerro Tololo
Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (COSMOS) and the Astronomy Research
using the Cornell Infra Red Imaging Spectrograph (ARCoIRIS) at the 4 m
Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO).
To identify the circumstellar disks in Upper Sco and to classify their
evolutionary stages, we have compiled all available mid-IR photometry
from Spitzer and WISE for the catalog of 1631 known members from
Luhman et al. (2018AJ....156...76L 2018AJ....156...76L), which includes the new members found
in this study.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 109 204 Spectroscopic data for candidate members
of Upper Sco
table4.dat 109 29 Spectroscopic data for candidate members
of Ophiuchus
table5.dat 90 30 Candidate disk-bearing members of Upper Sco
that lack spectroscopy
table6.dat 251 1608 Mid-IR photometry for members of Upper Sco
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)
II/314 : UKIDSS-DR8 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)
II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)
J/AJ/130/1733 : Optical spectroscopy of ρ Oph stars (Wilking+, 2005)
J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC observations (Carpenter+, 2006)
J/ApJ/671/1800 : SCUBA observations of ρ Oph cloud (Andrews+, 2007)
J/ApJ/688/377 : Low-mass objects in Upper Scorpius. II. (Slesnick+, 2008)
J/ApJ/705/1646 : Debris disks in Upper Sco (Carpenter+, 2009)
J/ApJ/712/925 : Transition circumstellar disks in Ophiuchus (Cieza+, 2010)
J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/429/903 : New brown dwarf discs in Upper Scorpius (Dawson+, 2013)
J/A+A/579/A66 : Accretion in ρ-Ophiucus (Manara+, 2015)
J/AJ/156/71 : K2 Campaign 2: young disk-bearing stars in Sco + Oph
(Cody+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/76 : New young stars and brown dwarfs in Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 26 A26 --- Name Source name (G1)
28- 37 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
39- 48 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
50- 58 A9 --- SpType Spectral type
60 A1 --- l_EW(Li) [<] Limit flag on EW(Li)
61- 64 F4.2 0.1nm EW(Li) [0.1/1.1]? Equivalent width of Li (Å)
66- 68 F3.1 0.1nm EWNa [1.8/4.6]? Equivalent width of Na (Å)
70- 77 A8 --- Inst1 Instrument used for the first observation
79- 82 A4 --- Inst2 Instrument used for the second observation
(only in Table 4)
84- 94 A11 "date" Date1 Date of the first observation
96-106 A11 "date" Date2 Date of the second observation
(only in Table 4)
108-109 A2 --- Mem Member of Upper Sco/Ophiuchus? (Y=Yes, N=No)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 25 A25 --- Name Source name (G1)
27- 36 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
38- 47 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
49- 53 F5.2 mag W1mag [8.52/13.99] WISE W1 (3.4 micron) band magnitude
55- 58 F4.2 mag e_W1mag [0.02/0.04] Error in W1mag
60- 64 F5.2 mag W2mag [8.12/13.55] WISE W2 (4.6 micron) band magnitude
66- 69 F4.2 mag e_W2mag [0.02/0.05] Error in W2mag
71- 75 F5.2 mag W3mag [6.2/12.07]? WISE W3 (12 micron) band magnitude
77- 80 F4.2 mag e_W3mag [0.02/0.38]? Error in W3mag
82- 85 F4.2 mag W4mag [3.8/8.88]? WISE W4 (22 micron) band magnitude
87- 90 F4.2 mag e_W4mag [0.03/0.54]? Error in W4mag
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 26 A26 --- Name Source name (1)
28- 37 F10.6 deg RAdeg Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)
39- 48 F10.6 deg DEdeg Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)
50- 54 A5 --- SpType Adopted spectral type (2)
56- 60 F5.2 mag Ksmag [2.34/17.07] Ks band magnitude
62- 65 F4.2 mag e_Ksmag [0.01/0.32] Error in Ksmag
67 A1 --- r_Ksmag Reference for Ksmag (3)
69- 72 F4.2 mag Ak [0.0/1.47] Extinction in Ks (2)
74- 78 F5.2 mag 3.6mag [6.03/15.24]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6 micron band
magnitude
80- 83 F4.2 mag e_3.6mag [0.02/0.09]? Error in 3.6mag
85- 87 A3 --- f_3.6mag Flag on 3.6mag (4)
89- 93 F5.2 mag 4.5mag [2.89/15.01]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5 micron band
magnitude
95- 98 F4.2 mag e_4.5mag [0.02/0.05]? Error in 4.5mag
100-102 A3 --- f_4.5mag Flag on 4.5mag (4)
104-108 F5.2 mag 5.8mag [3.42/13.61]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8 micron band
magnitude
110-113 F4.2 mag e_5.8mag [0.02/0.1]? Error in 5.8mag
115-117 A3 --- f_5.8mag Flag on 5.8mag (4)
119-123 F5.2 mag 8.0mag [3.02/13.22]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0 micron band
magnitude
125-128 F4.2 mag e_8.0mag [0.02/0.2]? Error in 8.0mag
130-132 A3 --- f_8.0mag Flag on 8.0mag (4)
134-138 F5.2 mag 24mag [0.81/11.41]? Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band
magnitude
140-143 F4.2 mag e_24mag [0.02/0.36]? Error in 24mag
145-149 A5 --- f_24mag Flag on 24mag (4)
151-155 F5.2 mag W1mag [3.51/16.53]? WISE W1 (3.4 micron) band
magnitude (5)
157-160 F4.2 mag e_W1mag [0.01/0.43]? Error in W1mag
162-166 A5 --- f_W1mag Flag on W1mag (4)
168-172 F5.2 mag W2mag [6.07/15.73]? WISE W2 (4.6 micron) band
magnitude (5)
174-177 F4.2 mag e_W2mag [0.01/0.22]? Error in W2mag
179-183 A5 --- f_W2mag Flag on W2mag (4)
185-189 F5.2 mag W3mag [1.03/12.18]? WISE W3 (12 micron) band magnitude
(5)
191-194 F4.2 mag e_W3mag [0.01/0.46]? Error in W3mag
196-200 A5 --- f_W3mag Flag on W3mag (4)
202-206 F5.2 mag W4mag [-0.57/8.88]? WISE W4 (22 micron) band magnitude
(5)
208-211 F4.2 mag e_W4mag [0.01/0.53]? Error in W4mag
213-217 A5 --- f_W4mag Flag on W4mag (4)
219 A1 --- Exc4.5 Excess present in [4.5]? (Y=Yes, N=No)
221-222 A2 --- Exc8.0 Excess present in [8.0]? (Y=Yes, N=No)
224-225 A2 --- Exc24 Excess present in [24]? (Y=Yes, N=No)
227-228 A2 --- ExcW2 Excess present in W2? (Y=Yes, N=No)
230-231 A2 --- ExcW3 Excess present in W3? (Y=Yes, N=No)
233-234 A2 --- ExcW4 Excess present in W4? (Y=Yes, N=No)
236-251 A16 --- DType Disk type (6)
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Note (1): Coordinate-based identifications from the AllWISE Source Catalog
(Cat. II/328) when available. Otherwise, identifications from the WISE
All-Sky Source Catalog (Cat. II/311), 2MASS All-Sky Point Source Catalog
(Cat. II/246) or Data Release 10 of the UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey.
Note (2): From Luhman et al. (2018AJ....156...76L 2018AJ....156...76L).
Note (3): Reference as follows:
2 = 2MASS Point Source Catalog (Cat. II/246);
u = UKIDSS Data Release 10.
Note (4): Flag as follows:
nodet = Non-detection;
sat = Saturated;
out = Outside of the camera's field of view;
bl = Photometry may be affected by blending with a nearby star;
ext = Photometry is known or suspected to be contaminated by extended
emission (no data given when extended emission dominates);
dif = Photomtery may be affected by a diffraction spike;
bin = Includes an unresolved binary companion;
unres = Too close to a brighter star to be detected;
false = Detection from WISE catalog appears false or unreliable based
on visual inspection;
off = W3 and/or W4 detection appears offset from the W1/W2 detection
(no data given when offset is due to a known source);
err = W2 magnitudes brighter than ∼6 are erroneous.
Note (5): Photometry from AllWISE Source Catalog (Cat. II/328) except for
WISEAR J161336.90-232730.0, WISEAR J163810.80-294040.6, and
WISEAR J160017.31-223650.8, which is from the AllWISE Reject Table, and
WISE J160414.16-212915.5, WISE J160027.15-223850.5, WISE J161320.78-175752.3,
WISE J162230.38-241119.2, WISE J162210.14-240905.4, WISE J161317.38-292220.0,
WISE J161837.22-240522.8, and WISE J162620.15-223312.8, which are from the
WISE All-Sky Source Catalog (Cat. II/311).
Note (6): Among the 484 members with excesses in at least one band (excluding
five Be stars), we classify 296 disks as full, 66 as evolved, 19 as
transitional, 22 as evolved or transitional, and 81 as evolved transitional
or debris. One member of Upper Sco, WISEA J161935.70-195043.0, has
sufficiently red mid-IR colors that it appears to be an edge-on full disk or
a class I protostar.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Coordinate-based identifications from the AllWISE Source Catalog
(Cat. II/328) when available. Otherwise, identifications are from the WISE
All-Sky Catalog (Cat. II/311).
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 06-Feb-2019