J/AJ/157/101 Cloud Atlas: HST/WFC3 NIR spectral library (Manjavacas+, 2019)
Cloud Atlas: Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared spectral library of
brown dwarfs, planetary-mass companions, and hot Jupiters.
Manjavacas E., Apai D., Zhou Y., Lew B.W.P., Schneider G., Metchev S.,
Miles-Paez P.A., Radigan J., Marley M.S., Cowan N., Karalidi T.,
Burgasser A.J., Bedin L.R., Lowrance P.J., Kauffmann P.
<Astron. J., 157, 101-101 (2019)>
=2019AJ....157..101M 2019AJ....157..101M (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Stars, brown dwarf ; Exoplanets ; Spectral types ;
Photometry, infrared ; Parallaxes, trigonometric ;
Spectra, infrared
Keywords: brown dwarfs - stars: atmospheres
Abstract:
Bayesian atmospheric retrieval tools can place constraints on the
properties of brown dwarfs' and hot Jupiters' atmospheres. To fully exploit
these methods, high signal-to-noise spectral libraries with well-understood
uncertainties are essential. We present a high signal-to-noise spectral
library (1.10-1.69 µm) of the thermal emission of 76 brown dwarfs and
hot Jupiters. All our spectra have been acquired with the Hubble Space
Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 instrument and its G141 grism. The
near-infrared spectral types of these objects range from L4 to Y1. Eight
of our targets have estimated masses below the deuterium-burning limit.
We analyze the database to identify peculiar objects and/or multiple
systems, concluding that this sample includes two very-low-surface-gravity
objects and five intermediate-surface-gravity objects. In addition,
spectral indices designed to search for composite-atmosphere brown dwarfs
indicate that eight objects in our sample are strong candidates to have
such atmospheres. None of these objects are overluminous, so their
composite atmospheres are unlikely to be companion-induced artifacts.
Five of the eight confirmed candidates have been reported as
photometrically variable, suggesting that composite atmospheric indices
are useful in identifying brown dwarfs with strongly heterogeneous cloud
covers. We compare hot Jupiters and brown dwarfs in a near-infrared
color-magnitude diagram. We confirm that the coldest hot Jupiters in our
sample have spectra similar to mid-L dwarfs, and the hottest hot Jupiters
have spectra similar to those of M-dwarfs. Our sample provides a uniform
data set of a broad range of ultracool atmospheres, allowing large-scale
comparative studies and providing an HST legacy spectral library.
Description:
We compiled all spectra of brown dwarfs (including planetary-mass
brown dwarfs; Caballero 2018Geosc...8..362C 2018Geosc...8..362C), brown dwarf companions to
stars, and hot Jupiter with emission spectra with published data from
HST/WFC3 and its G141 grism (MacKenty et al. 2010SPIE.7731E..0ZM). In
addition, we present seven unpublished spectra observed as part of the
Cloud Atlas treasury program (GO 14241, PI Apai), and other two brown dwarf
spectra that belong to the HST program GO 13299 and 14051 (PI Radigan).
These spectra cover the wavelength range between ∼1.10 and 1.69 µm.
The spectral library is also available at the High-level Science Products
website at the MAST archive under the Cloud Atlas program's page
http://archive.stsci.edu/doi/resolve/resolve.html?doi=10.17909/t9-asft-6k38.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table12.dat 80 78 Log of the sample of L, L-T, T, and Y dwarfs
with HST/WFC3 spectroscopy
table1.dat 141 66 Sample of L, T, and Y dwarfs with HST/WFC3
spectroscopy
table2.dat 95 10 Sample of hot Jupiters with HST/WFC3
spectroscopic data
spectra.dat 58 15533 HST/WFC3 near-infrared spectra
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See also:
II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/AJ/125/3302 : HST binary very low mass stars and brown dwarfs
(Gizis+, 2003)
J/ApJS/197/19 : First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)
J/ApJ/752/56 : BDKP. III. Parallaxes for 70 ultracool dwarfs
(Faherty+, 2012)
J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)
J/ApJ/833/96 : Hawaii infrared parallax program. II. Ultracool dwarfs
(Liu+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/455/357 : 2MASS J18212815+1414010 field stars (Sahlmann+, 2016)
J/ApJ/842/118 : Brown dwarfs with spectral type later than T6
(Leggett+, 2017)
J/A+A/625/A136 : WASP-18b HST/WFC3 spectroscopic phase curves
(Arcangeli+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table12.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Num [1/76] Object number
4- 28 A25 --- Name Object name
30- 40 A11 "date" Date1 First observation date
42- 52 A11 "date" Date2 Second observation date
54- 61 A8 --- Date3 Third observation date (YYYY-MMM)
63- 64 I2 --- Norb [1/14] Number of orbit(s)
66 I1 --- Nvis [1/5] Number of visit(s)
68- 75 F8.3 s Texp [7.35/2406] Exposure time of each single
exposure
77- 79 I3 --- Nexp [3/268] Number of single exposure per orbit
80 A1 --- u_Nexp [?] Uncertainty flag on Nexp
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Num [1/66] Object number
4- 27 A24 --- Name Object name
29- 37 A9 --- SpType Spectral type
39- 42 A4 --- SpTSpeX Spectral type (1)
44- 45 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
47- 48 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
50- 54 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
56 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
57- 58 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
60- 61 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
63- 67 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
69 A1 --- l_Jmag [>] Limit flag on Jmag
70- 75 F6.3 mag Jmag [11.5/22.58]? 2MASS J band magnitude
77- 80 F4.2 mag e_Jmag [0.01/0.26]? Uncertainty in Jmag
82- 86 F5.2 mag Hmag [10.37/22.98]? 2MASS H band magnitude
88- 91 F4.2 mag e_Hmag [0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in Hmag
93 A1 --- l_Ksmag [>] Limit flag on Ksmag
94- 99 F6.3 mag Ksmag [9.44/20.91]? 2MASS Ks band magnitude
101-106 F6.3 mag e_Ksmag [0.02/0.31]? Uncertainty in Ksmag
108-113 F6.2 mas Plx [14.52/501.4]? Trigonometric parallaxe πT
115-119 F5.2 mas e_Plx [0.03/41]? Uncertainty in Plx
121-126 F6.1 --- S/N [1/3333]? Signal-to-noise ratio measured at
1.25 µm
128-132 I5 --- HST [12217/14241] HST program (2)
134-138 A5 --- Ref Reference(s) for first publication of HST/WFC3
near-infrared spectra (3)
140-141 I2 --- r_Plx [13/34]? Reference for trigonometric parallax
measurement (4)
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Note (1): SpTSpeX is the spectral type of each the spectra compiled in this
work derived by comparison to the SpeX Prism Spectral Library.
Note (2): Further details of the program-specific observation plan can be found
at: http://www.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/get-proposal-info?id=#####&submit=
Go&observatory=HST, where ##### should be replaced by the given GO program
number.
Note (3): Reference as follows:
TS = This study;
1 = Buenzli et al. (2014ApJ...782...77B 2014ApJ...782...77B);
2 = Yang et al. (2015ApJ...798L..13Y 2015ApJ...798L..13Y);
3 = Lew et al. (2016ApJ...829L..32L 2016ApJ...829L..32L);
4 = Manjavacas et al. (2018AJ....155...11M 2018AJ....155...11M);
5 = Buenzli et al. (2015ApJ...798..127B 2015ApJ...798..127B);
6 = Yang et al. (2016ApJ...826....8Y 2016ApJ...826....8Y);
7 = Pena Ramirez et al. (2015A&A...574A.118P 2015A&A...574A.118P);
8 = Schneider et al. (2015ApJ...804...92S 2015ApJ...804...92S);
9 = Zhou et al. (2018AJ....155..132Z 2018AJ....155..132Z);
10 = Biller et al. (2018AJ....155...95B 2018AJ....155...95B);
11 = Apai et al. (2013ApJ...768..121A 2013ApJ...768..121A);
12 = Buenzli et al. (2012ApJ...760L..31B 2012ApJ...760L..31B).
Note (4): Reference as follows:
13 = Andrei et al. (2011AJ....141...54A 2011AJ....141...54A);
14 = Faherty et al. (2013AJ....145....2F 2013AJ....145....2F);
15 = Sahlmann et al. (2016, J/MNRAS/455/357);
16 = Vrba et al. (2004AJ....127.2948V 2004AJ....127.2948V);
17 = Gizis et al. (2015ApJ...799..203G 2015ApJ...799..203G);
18 = Liu et al. (2016, J/ApJ/833/96);
19 = Faherty et al. (2012, J/ApJ/752/56);
20 = Wang et al. (2018PASP..130f4402W 2018PASP..130f4402W);
21 = Liu et al. (2013ApJ...777L..20L 2013ApJ...777L..20L);
22 = Dupuy & Liu (2012, J/ApJS/201/19);
23 = Bedin et al. (2017MNRAS.470.1140B 2017MNRAS.470.1140B);
24 = Dahn et al. (2002AJ....124.1170D 2002AJ....124.1170D);
25 = Marocco et al. (2013AJ....146..161M 2013AJ....146..161M);
26 = Weinberger et al. (2013ApJ...762..118W 2013ApJ...762..118W);
27 = Tinney et al. (2014ApJ...796...39T 2014ApJ...796...39T);
28 = Tinney et al. (2003AJ....126..975T 2003AJ....126..975T);
29 = Delorme et al. (2017A&A...608A..79D 2017A&A...608A..79D);
30 = Marsh et al. (2013ApJ...762..119M 2013ApJ...762..119M);
31 = Luhman & Esplin (2016AJ....152...78L 2016AJ....152...78L);
32 = Kirkpatrick et al. (2011, J/ApJS/197/19);
33 = Leggett et al. (2017, J/ApJ/842/118);
34 = Martin et al. (2018ApJ...867..109M 2018ApJ...867..109M).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 I2 --- Num [67/76] Object number
4- 14 A11 --- Name Object name
16- 17 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
19- 20 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
22- 26 F5.2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
28 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
29- 30 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
32- 33 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
35- 39 F5.2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
41- 43 A3 --- SpType Spectral type of the host star
45- 49 F5.2 mas Plx [1.91/20.47] Trigonometric parallaxe delivered
by Gaia Collaboration et al. (2018, Cat. I/345)
πT
51- 54 F4.2 mas e_Plx [0.01/0.7] Uncertainty in Plx
56- 62 F7.5 AU Sep [0.01424/0.04723] Separation
64- 70 F7.5 AU e_Sep [0.00033/0.00079] Uncertainty in Sep
72- 76 F5.3 Rjup Rp [0.93/1.865] Planet radius
78- 82 F5.3 Rjup e_Rp [0.015/0.09] Uncertainty in Rp
84- 87 F4.1 --- S/N [2.5/38.9] Signal-to-noise ratio measured
between 1.05 and 1.65 µm
89- 93 I5 --- HST [12181/14767] HST program
95 I1 --- Ref [1/9] Reference (1)
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Note (1): Reference as follows:
1 = Line et al. (2016AJ....152..203L 2016AJ....152..203L);
2 = Haynes et al. (2015ApJ...806..146H 2015ApJ...806..146H);
3 = Cartier et al. (2017AJ....153...34C 2017AJ....153...34C);
4 = Stevenson et al. (2014ApJ...791...36S 2014ApJ...791...36S);
5 = Ranjan et al. (2014ApJ...785..148R 2014ApJ...785..148R);
6 = Beatty et al. (2017AJ....154..158B 2017AJ....154..158B);
7 = Stevenson et al. (2014Sci...346..838S 2014Sci...346..838S);
8 = Evans et al. (2017Natur.548...58E 2017Natur.548...58E);
9 = Sheppard et al. (2017ApJ...850L..32S 2017ApJ...850L..32S).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: spectra.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 25 A25 --- Name Object name
27- 33 F7.5 um Wave [0.9023/1.7457] Wavelength
35- 46 E12.5 cW/m2/nm Flux [-1.43452e-18/2.65412e-15]? Flux density
(in erg/cm2/s/Å)
48- 58 E11.5 cW/m2/nm e_Flux [5e-23/2.12572e-16]? Uncertainty in Flux
(in erg/cm2/s/Å)
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History:
17-Sep-2019: From electronic version of the journal
14-Oct-2020: For sources 39 and 43, the S Ori numbers where interverted,
then, Source No 39 is for S Ori 70 and
Source No 43 for S Ori 73
Names corrected in the tables.
(End) Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 06-Sep-2019