J/AJ/157/12 Star clusters, associations, & candidates in the MW (Bica+, 2019)
A multi-band catalog of 10978 star clusters, associations, and candidates
in the Milky Way.
Bica E., Pavani D.B., Bonatto C.J., Lima E.F.
<Astron. J., 157, 12 (2019)>
=2019AJ....157...12B 2019AJ....157...12B (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Galaxies, nearby ; Clusters, open ;
Clusters, globular ; Associations, stellar ; Morphology
Keywords: astronomical databases: atlases - astronomical databases: catalogs -
astronomical databases: surveys - Galaxy: bulge - Galaxy: disk -
Galaxy: halo
Abstract:
We present a catalog of Galactic star clusters, associations and candidates
with 10978 entries. This multi-band catalog was constructed over 20 years,
starting with visual inspections on the Digital Sky Survey and incremented
with the 2MASS, WISE, VVV, Spitzer, and Herschel surveys. Large and small
catalogs, as well as papers on individual objects have been systematically
cross-identified. The catalog provides Galactic and equatorial coordinates,
angular diameters, and chronologically ordered designations, making it
simple to assign discoveries and verify how often the objects were
cataloged by different authors, search methods, and/or surveys. Detection
in a single band is the minimum constraint to validate an entry. About
3200 objects have measured parameters in the literature. A fundamental
contribution of the present study is to present an additional ∼7700 objects
for the first analyses of nature, photometry, spectroscopy and structure.
The present focus is not to compile or determine fundamental parameters,
but to provide a catalog uniformly characterizing the entries. A major
result is that now 4234 embedded clusters are cataloged, a factor of ∼1.5
larger than open clusters. In addition to cross-identifications in
different references and wavelength domains, we also communicate the
discovery of 638 star clusters and similar objects. The present general
catalog provides previously studied objects and thousands of additional
entries in a homogeneous way, a timely contribution to Gaia-related works.
Description:
In this work, both large (typically more than 1000 entries) and small
catalogs were analyzed. Also, small sample papers were taken into account.
Catalogs are in general related to specific surveys. Examples are
Bica et al. (2003, J/A+A/404/223), Dutra et al. (2003, J/A+A/400/533), and
Froebrich et al. (2007, J/MNRAS/374/399) with 2MASS, Mercer et al.
(2005, J/ApJ/635/560) with Spitzer, and Solin et al. (2012, J/A+A/542/A3)
with UKIDSS. Concerning the ESO-VISTA VVV survey, Borissova et al.
(2011, J/A+A/532/A131, 2014A&A...569A..24B 2014A&A...569A..24B) and Barba et al.
(2015A&A...581A.120B 2015A&A...581A.120B) provided new clusters toward the bulge and central
disk, which are as a rule absorbed ones. Lima et al. (2014A&A...568A..16L 2014A&A...568A..16L)
found new clusters in the NGC 6357 complex with VVV. Majaess (2013,
J/other/ApSS/344.175), Camargo et al. (2015, J/other/NewA/34.84, 2016,
J/MNRAS/455/3126) employed WISE in their EC discoveries. In the present
study, the Aladin Sky Atlas with several surveys therein was used to
cross-identify catalogs and individual cluster studies. The main
observational aspects for classifying objects are related to morphology.
We analyze the central concentration, hierarchical structures, stellar
density of the object in contrast to the field, Red, Green, and Blue (RGB)
band combinations for stellar colors, and the presence of dust and gas
emission. Finally, we estimate central coordinates and angular dimensions.
Previous analyses in the literature are also considered.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table2.dat 46 792 References for the CatClu (Table 3), CatKGr
(Table 4), and CatGal (Table 5)
catalogs
table3.dat 254 10978 Clusters, candidates and alike objects
table4.dat 264 242 242 kinematical groups and kinematical
associations
table5.dat 261 144 Local Group galaxies and their clusters and
associations
refs.dat 396 792 List of references
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See also:
VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997)
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)
V/132 : SAI Open Clusters Catalog (Glushkova+, 2009)
J/A+A/397/177 : IR star clusters and stellar groups catalog
(Bica+, 2003)
J/A+A/400/533 : New infrared star clusters in southern Milky Way
(Dutra+, 2003)
J/A+A/404/223 : 2MASS IR star clusters in the Galaxy (Bica+, 2003)
J/ApJ/635/560 : New star clusters discovered in the GLIMPSE survey
(Mercer+ 2005)
J/ApJS/161/304 : Star clusters in the Milky Way and satellites
(McLaughlin+, 2005)
J/A+A/447/921 : Galactic Open Cluster Candidates (Kronberger+, 2006)
J/MNRAS/374/399 : Infrared star clusters with |b|<20°
(Froebrich+, 2007)
J/A+A/532/A131 : New Galactic star clusters in VVV survey
(Borissova+, 2011)
J/A+A/542/A3 : Stellar clusters from UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey
(Solin+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/4 : Properties of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group
(McConnachie+, 2012)
J/A+A/558/A53 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. II.
(Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/432/3349 : Galactic star clusters structural parameters
(Camargo+, 2013)
J/other/ApSS/344.175 : Protoclusters and subclusters (Majaess, 2013)
J/A+A/568/A51 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. III.
(Schmeja+, 2014)
J/other/NewA/34.84 : New Galactic embedded cluster candidates
(Camargo+, 2015)
J/A+A/585/A101 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. V.
(Kharchenko+, 2016)
J/ApJ/829/108 : Kinematic data of Galactic globular clusters
(Eadie+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/455/3126 : New Galactic star clusters and candidates
(Camargo+, 2016)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way
(Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/ApJ/856/152 : New star clusters in the central plane region
(Ryu+, 2018)
J/MNRAS/483/5508 : Three new Galactic star clusters (Ferreira+, 2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 13 A13 --- Class Object type(s) (G1)
15- 18 I4 --- Nobj [1/3784] Number of relevant objects in the
reference
20- 38 A19 --- Name Designation(s) and/or object types as guidelines
40- 46 A7 --- Code Reference code (REFNNNN, where NNNN is a random
number) (see refs.dat file) (1)
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Note (1): Reference code is the link between the objects in Tables 3, 4 and 5
and their references in the present table.
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
8- 13 F6.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
15- 16 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
18- 19 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
24 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
34- 40 F7.2 arcmin Diam-a [0.01/4560] Major axis diameter
42- 48 F7.2 arcmin Diam-b [0.01/2400] Minor axis diameter
50-161 A112 --- Name Chronologically ordered cross-identified
designation(s)
163-167 A5 --- Class1 Object type (G1)
169-173 A5 --- Class2 Possible second object type (G1)
175-206 A32 --- Com Comments
208-254 A47 --- Code Reference code(s) (see Table 2)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 F6.1 km/s U [-322.7/80]? Heliocentric velocity component,
positive towards the Galactic anticenter
8- 13 F6.1 km/s V [-322.6/164.9]? Heliocentric velocity component,
positive towards direction of Galactic rotation
15- 20 F6.1 km/s W [-249.9/295]? Heliocentric velocity component,
positive towards the North Galactic Pole
22- 27 F6.2 deg GLON [0.46/358.13]? Galactic longitude
29- 34 F6.2 deg GLAT [-89.38/77.6]? Galactic latitude
36- 41 F6.2 deg Diam-a [0.6/360]? Major diameter or length
43- 48 F6.2 deg Diam-b [0.1/360]? Minor diameter or width
50-102 A53 --- Name Designation(s)
104-106 A3 --- Class1 Object classification (G1)
108-113 A6 --- Class2 Additional object classification (G1)
115-149 A35 --- Note Parameters note (1)
151-195 A45 --- Code Reference code(s) (see Table 2)
197-264 A68 --- Com Comments
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Note (1): The diversity of parameters and their availability precluded a sparse
table format. We give them individually in the parameter field: N (members or
sample), Dk (distance in kpc), a (age in Gyr, or old), f (iron metallity
[Fe/H]) or m (metals [m/H]), Vr (radial velocity in km/s), XG, YG, ZG
(Galactocentric coordinates in kpc), Mv (total absolute V magnitude), mass
(value in solar masses).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 6 F6.2 deg GLON Galactic longitude
8- 13 F6.2 deg GLAT Galactic latitude
15- 16 I2 h RAh Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)
18- 19 I2 min RAm Minute of Right Ascension (J2000)
21- 22 I2 s RAs Second of Right Ascension (J2000)
24 A1 --- DE- Sign of the Declination (J2000)
25- 26 I2 deg DEd Degree of Declination (J2000)
28- 29 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of Declination (J2000)
31- 32 I2 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of Declination (J2000)
34- 39 F6.1 arcmin Diam-a [0.3/1500]? Major axis diameter
41- 45 F5.1 arcmin Diam-b [0.3/900]? Minor axis diameter
47-102 A56 --- Name Designation(s)
104-107 A4 --- Class1 Object classification (G1)
109-119 A11 --- Class2 Second object classification (1)
121-124 I4 kpc Dist [7/2951] Distance
126-130 F5.1 mag VMag [-20.8/0]? Total absolute V magnitude (2)
132-139 A8 --- Memb Galaxy group membership (3)
141-185 A45 --- Code Reference code(s) (see Table 2)
187-261 A75 --- Com Census of star clusters & associations,
and additional comments (4)
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Note (1): Morphological classification and/or UFG (ultra faint galaxy, Mv>-3.5);
we suggest QFG (quite faint galaxies, -7.0<Mv←3.6).
Note (2): MW value is the total absolute B magnitude.
Note (3): The MW group corresponds to members typically within 200 kpc from
the Galactic center, while MW neighbors are beyond that, but not as isolated
as Local Group members (see also REF1220).
Note (4): This field shows the number of star clusters, young/intermediate age
clusters, globular clusters and associations, according to the reference
code(s). Some galaxy parameters are given, following Table 4: metallicity
[Fe/H] (f), age (a, Gyr), radial velocity (Vr, km/s) and number of studied
stellar members (N).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: refs.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
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1- 7 A7 --- Code Reference code
9-365 A357 --- Ref Complete reference (1)
367-385 A19 --- Bibcode Bibcode of the reference
387-396 A10 --- Cat Catalogue reference in VizieR
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Note (1): REF963 is related to the Asterism object type, and includes
3 electronic addresses that are currently active.
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Global notes:
Note (G1): Object class as follows:
Assoc = Associations;
EC = Embedded Clusters;
ECC = Embedded Cluster Candidates;
OC = Open Clusters;
OCC = Open Cluster Candidates;
EGr = Embedded Groups;
Ast = Asterisms;
DGAL = Local Group Dwarf Galaxies;
NGAL = Local Group Normal Galaxies;
GC = Globular Clusters;
GCC = Globular Cluster Candidates;
OVD = Overdenstiy;
KAs = Kinematical Associations;
KGr = Kinematical Groups;
MHC = Magellanic Halos's Clusters;
MGr = Moving Group;
MC clusts = Magellanic Cloud clusters;
POCR = Open Cluster Remnant Candidates;
lPOCR = loose Open Cluster Remnant Candidates;
cPOCR = compact Open Cluster Remnant Candidates;
UltrF = Ultra-faint.
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 06-May-2019