J/AJ/158/35 Swift UVOT Stars Survey. III. Galactic open clusters (Siegel+, 2019)
The Swift UVOT Stars Survey.
III. Photometry and color-magnitude diagrams of 103 Galactic open clusters.
Siegel M.H., LaPorte S.J., Porterfield B.L., Hagen L.M.Z., Gronwall C.A.
<Astron. J., 158, 35 (2019)>
=2019AJ....158...35S 2019AJ....158...35S (SIMBAD/NED BibCode)
ADC_Keywords: Milky Way ; Clusters, open ; Photometry, ultraviolet ;
Photometry, UBV ; Abundances, [Fe/H] ; Surveys
Keywords: open clusters and associations: general - stars: early-type -
stars: general
Abstract:
As part of the Swift/Ultraviolet-Optical Telescope Stars Survey, we
present near-ultraviolet (NUV; 3000-1700 Å) point-source photometry
for 103 Galactic open clusters. These data, taken over the span of the
mission, provide a unique and unprecedented set of NUV point-source
photometry on simple stellar populations. After applying a membership
analysis fueled mostly by Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/345) proper motions, we find
that 49 of these 103 have clear precise color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs)
amenable to investigation. We compare the CMDs to theoretical isochrones
and find good agreement between the theoretical isochrones and the CMDs.
The exceptions are the fainter parts of the main sequence and the red
giant branch in the uvw2-uvw1 CMDs, which is most likely due to either
the difficulty of correcting for the red leak in the uvw2 filter or
limitations in our understanding of UV opacities for cool stars. For the
most part, our derived cluster parameters - age, distance, and reddening -
agree with the consensus literature, but we find a few clusters that
warrant substantial revision from literature values, notably NGC 2304,
NGC 2343, NGC 2360, NGC 2396, NGC 2428, NGC 2509, NGC 2533, NGC 2571,
NGC 2818, Collinder 220, and NGC 6939. A number of these are clusters
in the third Galactic quadrant, where previous studies may have mistaken
the disk sequence for the cluster. However, the Gaia DR2 proper motions
clearly favor a different sequence. A number of clusters also show white
dwarf and blue straggler sequences. We confirm the presence of extended
main-sequence turnoffs in NGC 2360 and NGC 2818 and show hints of them
in a number of other clusters that may warrant future spectroscopic study.
Most of the clusters in the study have low extinction, and the rest are
well fit by a "Milky Way-like" extinction law. However, Collinder 220
hints at a possible "LMC-like" extinction law. We finally provide a
comprehensive point-source catalog to the community as a tool for future
investigation.
Description:
The UVOT is a modified Richey-Chretien 30 cm telescope that has a wide
(17'x17') field of view and a microchannel plate intensified CCD operating
in photon-counting mode (see details in Roming et al. 2000SPIE.4140...76R 2000SPIE.4140...76R,
2004SPIE.5165..262R 2004SPIE.5165..262R, 2005SSRv..120...95R 2005SSRv..120...95R) on board the Neil Gehrels Swift
Gamma Ray Burst Mission (Gehrels et al. 2004ApJ...611.1005G 2004ApJ...611.1005G). The
instrument is equipped with a filter wheel that includes a clear white
filter; u, b, and v optical filters; uvw1, uvm2, and uvw2 UV filters;
a magnifier; two grisms; and a blocked filter. Although its primary mission
is to measure the optical/UV afterglows of gamma-ray bursts, the wide
field, 2.3" resolution, broad wavelength range (1700-8000 Å), and
ability to observe simultaneously with Swift's X-ray Telescope
(Burrows et al. 2005SSRv..120..165B 2005SSRv..120..165B) allow a broad range of science,
including the study of hot or highly energetic stars.
We have included clusters in the sample if they were observed for at
least 0.8 ks in two of UVOT's three NUV filters and where the field center
was within 5' of the nominal cluster center, although some exceptions
have been made to expand the sample.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 67 211 Swift/UVOT observations of open clusters
table2.dat 167 111 Parameters of clusters in this study
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
J/AJ/102/642 : UBV photometry in Westerlund 2 (Moffat+, 1991)
J/A+AS/94/73 : UBVI Photometry in 7 open clusters (Ramsay+ 1992)
J/AJ/106/220 : UBVI photometry in Berkeley 31 (Guetter 1993)
J/AJ/106/1533 : NGC 2287 (Harris+, 1993)
J/ApJS/93/187 : UBV Photometry in NGC 7419 (Beauchamp+ 1994)
J/PASP/106/281 : Photometry and radial velocities in NGC752 (Daniel+, 1994)
J/AJ/111/1193 : Proper motion in M34 (Jones+ 1996)
J/AJ/113/1723 : UBVI photometry in 4 open clusters (Kassis+, 1997)
J/A+A/375/30 : Radial velocities in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2001)
J/A+A/381/884 : UBVI CCD photometry in NGC 2571 (Giorgi+, 2002)
J/A+A/404/927 : UBVRI photometry of NGC 2422 (Prisinzano+, 2003)
J/MNRAS/346/390 : VI and CMT1 photometry of NGC 2627 (Piatti+, 2003)
J/AJ/127/1000 : Stromgren and Ca photometry of NGC 3680
(Anthony-Twarog+, 2004)
J/AJ/127/2210 : u'g'r'i'z' photometry in NGC 2548 (M48) (Rider+, 2004)
J/A+A/437/457 : NGC 2548 uvbyHβ and proper motions
(Balaguer-Nunez+, 2005)
J/AN/326/3 : BVRI photometry of 4 open clusters (Ahumada+, 2005)
J/AJ/131/461 : Stromgren photometry of NGC 2420 (Anthony-Twarog+, 2006)
J/AJ/132/1669 : Wide-field CCD phot. around nine open clusters
(Sharma+, 2006)
J/A+A/463/789 : Blue stragglers in open clusters (Ahumada+, 2007)
J/A+A/464/573 : VI photometry of 5 open clusters (Carraro+, 2007)
J/AJ/134/1216 : Abundances of NGC 7142, 6939, and IC 4756 stars
(Jacobson+, 2007)
J/A+A/480/79 : Abundances of giants in five Galactic clusters
(Bragaglia+, 2008)
J/A+A/485/303 : Radial velocities for 1309 stars and 166 OCl
(Mermilliod+, 2008)
J/AN/329/609 : Red giant candidates in 10 open clusters (Claria+, 2008)
J/A+A/504/681 : Integrated BVJHKs for 650 open clusters (Kharchenko+, 2009)
J/A+A/511/A56 : Abundances of five open clusters (Pancino+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/401/621 : UBVRI photometry in Be 15, Be 80 and NGC 2192 (Tapia+, 2010)
J/MNRAS/402/2720 : UBVI photometry of 5 open clusters (Piatti+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/59 : Chemical abundance in 10 open clusters (Jacobson+, 2011)
J/MNRAS/412/1265 : Photometry of 3 open clusters (Andreuzzi+, 2011)
J/A+A/548/A122 : Berkeley 39 stars photometry and abundances
(Bragaglia+, 2012)
J/MNRAS/419/1350 : Red giants abundances in 4 open clusters (Reddy+, 2012)
J/A+A/558/A53 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. II.
(Kharchenko+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/431/3338 : Abundances of red giants in open clusters (Reddy+, 2013)
J/A+A/562/A54 : Galactic open clusters in RAVE (Conrad+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/139 : UBVRI CCD photometry of open clusters. II. NGC 6866
(Janes+, 2014)
J/AJ/148/83 : Spectroscopy in NGC 2360, NGC 3680, and NGC 5822
(Sales+, 2014)
J/AJ/150/129 : Swift UVOT stars survey. II. RR Lyrae in M3 and M15
(Siegel+, 2015)
J/AJ/150/134 : uvbyCaHβ photometry of NGC 752 (Twarog+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/446/3562 : Abundances of red giants in NGC752 (Bocek Topcu+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/450/4301 : Line list for red giants in open clusters (Reddy+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/453/1095 : NGC 6866 UBVRI photometry (Bostanci+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/453/4185 : NGC 2355 BVI photometry (Donati+, 2015)
J/PASP/127/31 : CCD photometry of NGC 2482 (Krisciunas+, 2015)
J/A+A/585/A101 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. V.
(Kharchenko+, 2016)
J/A+A/585/A150 : On the metallicity of open clusters. III. (Netopil+, 2016)
J/AJ/152/192 : WOCS. LXXII. A uvbyCaHb study of NGC 2506
(Anthony-Twarog+, 2016)
J/MNRAS/469/3042 : Metallicities in the Geneva photometric system
(Netopil, 2017)
J/A+A/618/A59 : Gaia DR2 confirmed new nearby open clusters
(Castro-Ginard+, 2018)
J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky Way
(Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)
J/AJ/155/138 : WOCS.LXXVI.Velocity & abundances in NGC2506
(Anthony-Twarog+, 2018)
J/ApJ/854/184 : Abundances of stars in 3 open clusters (Pena Suarez+, 2018)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 15 A15 --- Cluster Cluster identifier
17- 20 A4 --- OName Alternative cluster identifier
22- 26 I5 ks Exp-u [0/99634] Swift/UVOT u band exposure time
28- 32 I5 ks Exp-uvw1 [0/62519] Swift/UVOT uvw1 band exposure time
34- 38 I5 ks Exp-uvm2 [0/63788] Swift/UVOT uvm2 band exposure time
40- 45 I6 ks Exp-uvw2 [0/119992] Swift/UVOT uvw2 band exposure time
47- 56 A10 "date" Date1 Beginning observation date
58- 67 A10 "date" Date2 End observation date
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 13 A13 --- Cluster Cluster identifier
15- 19 F5.2 mag m-M [8.01/13.6] Distance modulus
21- 24 F4.2 mag E(B-V) [0/0.83] The (B-V) color excess
26- 26 A1 --- f_E(B-V) [a] Flag on E(B-V) (1)
28- 29 A2 --- f_log(Age) [< =] Limit flag on log(Age)
30- 33 F4.2 [yr] log(Age) [7.0/9.75] Log age
35- 39 F5.2 [Sun] [Fe/H] [-0.5/0.1] Metallicity
41-167 A127 --- Source Data source(s) (2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): Flag as follows:
a = Using LMC extinction law.
Note (2): Source as follows:
Ahumada (2003) = 2003RMdAA..39...41A 2003RMdAA..39...41A;
Ahumada (2005) = J/AN/326/3;
Ahumada and Lapasset (2007) = J/A+A/463/789;
Andreuzzi et al. (2004) = 2004MNRAS.348..297A 2004MNRAS.348..297A;
Ann et al. (2002) = 2002AJ....123..905A 2002AJ....123..905A;
Anthony-Twarog and Twarog (2004) = J/AJ/127/1000;
Anthony-Twarog et al. (2006) = J/AJ/131/461;
Anthony-Twarog et al. (2016) = J/AJ/152/192;
Anthony-Twarog et al. (2018) = J/AJ/155/138;
Balaguer-Nunez et al. (2005) = J/A+A/437/457;
Bastian et al. (2018) = 2018MNRAS.480.3739B 2018MNRAS.480.3739B;
Bica et al. (2006) = 2006A&A...460...83B 2006A&A...460...83B;
Bocek Topcu et al. (2015) = J/MNRAS/446/3562;
Bostanci et al. (2015) = J/MNRAS/453/1095;
Bragaglia et al. (2008) = J/A+A/480/79;
Bragaglia et al. (2012) = J/A+A/548/A122;
Carraro and Costa (2007) = J/A+A/464/573;
Carraro et al. (1999) = 1999MNRAS.309..430C 1999MNRAS.309..430C;
Carraro et al. (2015) = 2015AJ....149...12C 2015AJ....149...12C;
Claria et al. (2005) = 2005BaltA..14..301C 2005BaltA..14..301C;
Claria et al. (2008) = J/AN/329/609;
Conrad et al. (2014) = J/A+A/562/A54;
Davidge (2013) = 2013PASP..125..115D 2013PASP..125..115D;
Donati et al. (2015) = J/MNRAS/453/4185;
Giorgi et al. (2002) = J/A+A/381/884;
Glaspey (1987) = 1987PASP...99.1089G 1987PASP...99.1089G;
Harris et al. (1993) = J/AJ/106/1533;
Hasegawa et al. (2008) = 2008PASJ...60.1267H 2008PASJ...60.1267H;
Jacobson et al. (2011) = J/AJ/142/59;
Jacobson et al. (2007) = J/AJ/134/1216;
Janes et al. (2014) = J/AJ/147/139;
Jeffery et al. (2016) = 2016ApJ...828...79J 2016ApJ...828...79J;
Jones and Prosser (1996) = J/AJ/111/1193;
Kassis et al. (1997) = J/AJ/113/1723;
Kharchenko et al. (2013) = J/A+A/558/A53;
Kharchenko et al. (2016) = J/A+A/585/A101;
Krisciunas et al. (2015) = J/PASP/127/31;
Lata et al. (2010) = 2010AJ....139..378L 2010AJ....139..378L;
Lee et al. (2012) = 2012MNRAS.425.1567L 2012MNRAS.425.1567L;
Mermilliod et al (2008) = J/A+A/485/303;
Mermilliod et al. (2001) = J/A+A/375/30;
Netopil et al. (2016) = J/A+A/585/A150;
Netopil (2017) = J/MNRAS/469/3042;
Oralhan et al. (2015) = 2015NewA...34..195O 2015NewA...34..195O;
Ozeren et al. (2014) = 2014NewA...32...36O 2014NewA...32...36O;
Pancino et al. (2010) = J/A+A/511/A56;
Parisi et al. (2005) = 2005MNRAS.363.1247P 2005MNRAS.363.1247P;
Park and Lee (1999) = 1999MNRAS.304..883P 1999MNRAS.304..883P;
Paunzen et al. (2010) = 2010A&A...517A..32P 2010A&A...517A..32P;
Pena and Martinez (2014) = 2014RMxAA..50..119P 2014RMxAA..50..119P;
Pena et al. (2007) = 2007RMxAA..43..329P 2007RMxAA..43..329P;
Pena-Suarez et al. (2018) = J/ApJ/854/184;
Piatti et al. (2003) = J/MNRAS/346/390;
Piatti et al. (2010) = J/MNRAS/402/2720;
Prisinzano et al. (2003) = J/A+A/404/927;
Ramsay and Pollaco (1992) = J/A+AS/94/73;
Reddy et al. (2012b) = J/MNRAS/419/1350;
Reddy et al. (2013) = J/MNRAS/431/3338;
Reddy et al. (2015) = J/MNRAS/450/4301;
Rider et al. (2004) = J/AJ/127/2210;
Rojo Arellano et al. (1997) = 1997A&AS..123...25R 1997A&AS..123...25R;
Rosvick and Balam (2002) = 2002AJ....124.2093R 2002AJ....124.2093R;
Sales Silva et al. (2014) = J/AJ/148/83;
Santos et al. (2009) = 2009A&A...493..309S 2009A&A...493..309S;
Santos et al. (2012) = 2012A&A...538A.151S 2012A&A...538A.151S;
Schuler et al. (2003) = 2003AJ....125.2085S 2003AJ....125.2085S;
Sharma et al. (2006) = J/AJ/132/1669;
Souto et al. (2016) = 2016ApJ...830...35S 2016ApJ...830...35S;
Tadross (2005) = 2005JKAS...38..357T 2005JKAS...38..357T;
Tapia et al (2010) = J/MNRAS/401/621;
Twarog et al. (1997) = 1997AJ....114.2556T 1997AJ....114.2556T;
Twarog et al. (2015) = J/AJ/150/134;
Vansevicius et al. (1997) = 1997MNRAS.285..871V 1997MNRAS.285..871V;
Von Hippel and Gilmore (2000) = 2000AJ....120.1384V 2000AJ....120.1384V;
Wu et al. (2005) = 2005PASP..117...32W 2005PASP..117...32W;
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Siegel et al. Paper I. 2014AJ....148..131S 2014AJ....148..131S
Siegel et al. Paper II. 2015AJ....150..129S 2015AJ....150..129S, Cat. J/AJ/150/129
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Tiphaine Pouvreau [CDS] 06-Sep-2019