J/AJ/159/139 Multiple M dwarf stars with Robo-AO and Gaia DR2 (Lamman+, 2020)
Robo-AO M-dwarf multiplicity survey: catalog.
Lamman C., Baranec C., Berta-Thompson Z.K., Law N.M., Schonhut-Stasik J.,
Ziegler C., Salama M., Jensen-Clem R., Duev D.A., Riddle R., Kulkarni S.R.,
Winters J.G., Irwin J.M.
<Astron. J., 159, 139 (2020)>
=2020AJ....159..139L 2020AJ....159..139L
ADC_Keywords: Stars, dwarfs; Stars, M-type; Stars, double and multiple;
Infrared sources; Optical; Cross identifications
Keywords: M dwarf stars ; Binary stars ; Catalogs ; Multiple stars ;
Close binary stars ; Trinary stars ; Visual binary stars
Abstract:
We analyze observations from Autonomous laser-adaptive-optics for
few-meter-class telescopes (Robo-AO)'s field M dwarf survey taken on
the 2.1m Kitt Peak telescope and perform a multiplicity comparison
with Gaia DR2. Through its laser-guided, automated system, the Robo-AO
instrument has yielded the largest adaptive optics M dwarf
multiplicity survey to date. After developing an interface to visually
identify and locate stellar companions, we selected 11
low-significance Robo-AO detections for follow-up on the Keck II
telescope using NIRC2. In the Robo-AO survey we find 553 candidate
companions within 4" around 534 stars out of 5566 unique targets, most
of which are new discoveries. Using a position cross-match with DR2 on
all targets, we assess the binary recoverability of Gaia DR2 and
compare the properties of multiples resolved by both Robo-AO and Gaia.
The catalog of nearby M dwarf systems and their basic properties
presented here can assist other surveys which observe these stars,
such as the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission.
Description:
We selected nearby red dwarfs from the Lepine and Shara Proper Motion
(LSPM) catalog (Lepine & Shara, I/298).
We obtained 7046 high-angular-resolution images of 6793 unique targets
over the course of 211 nights between 2015 December 18 through
2017 June 8. Out of the original sample, 4% of the targets were not
observed with the intelligent queue. Each image was taken in the
i'-band with a 90s exposure time. The observations were performed
using Robo-AO, an autonomous laser-adaptive-optics mounted on the Kitt
Peak 2.1m telescope, masked to a 1.85m aperture.
See Section 2.2 and 2.3 for further details.
After initial data analysis, we obtained additional imaging of 10
potentially very close (separations <0.3") companions and a potential
triple system using the NIRC2 imager behind laser-guidestar adaptive
optics on the 10m Keck II telescope on 2017 August 3.
See Section 2.4 for further explanations.
File Summary:
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FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
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ReadMe 80 . This file
table3.dat 179 19 Kitt Peak 2.1m/Robo-AO multiple stars
table4.dat 190 534 Kitt Peak 2.1m/Robo-AO double stars
table5.dat 55 5566 Cross-match between LSPM (I/298) and Gaia DR2 (I/345)
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See also:
B/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2014)
I/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
IV/38 : TESS Input Catalog - v8.0 (TIC-8) (Stassun+, 2019)
J/AJ/125/3302 : HST binary very low mass stars & brown dwarfs (Gizis+, 2003)
J/AJ/139/2566 : SLoWPoKES catalog (Dhital+, 2010)
J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)
J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)
J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)
J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors & temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)
J/ApJ/791/35 : Detection of Kepler planet candidates host stars (Law+,2014)
J/ApJ/799/4 : Robo-AO observations of binary stars (Riddle+, 2015)
J/ApJ/804/30 : Robo-AO observed cool subdwarf companions (Ziegler+, 2015)
J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015)
J/MNRAS/449/2618 : M-dwarfs in Multiples (MinMs) survey. I. (Ward-Duong+, 2015)
J/AJ/152/141 : Solar neighborhood. XXXVII. RVs M dwarfs (Benedict+, 2016)
J/ApJS/239/2 : Simulated exoplanets TESS list of targets (Barclay+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/234 : KELT transit false positive catalog for TESS (Collins+,2018)
J/AJ/156/83 : Effect stellar companions on planetary (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/AJ/156/259 : Robo-AO detected close binaries in Gaia DR2 (Ziegler+, 2018)
J/AJ/157/113 : TESS M-dwarf exoplanetary systems (Ballard, 2019)
J/ApJ/871/63 : How to constrain M dwarf II. Nearby binaries (Mann+, 019)
J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar multip. rate of M dwarfs within 25pc (Winters+,2019)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- LSPM Star name (JHHMM+DDMMW) from Lepine+, 2005, I/298
13 A1 --- m_LSPM [B-D] Companion identifier
15- 28 F14.12 arcsec Sep [0.26/4.1] Angular Separation
30- 33 F4.2 arcsec e_Sep [0.07] Angular Separation Error
35- 48 F14.10 deg PA [57/351] Position Angle E of N
50- 53 F4.1 deg e_PA [1/10] Position Angle Error
55- 68 F14.12 mag Dmag [0.08/6.8] Contrast (Δmag)
70- 84 F15.13 mag e_Dmag [0.005/0.5] Contrast Error
86- 90 F5.2 --- Sig [0.6/94] Detection Significance
92-106 F15.11 au PSep [6.5/312]? Projected Physical Separation
108-122 F15.13 au e_PSep [0.08/9.5]? Projected Physical Separation Error
124-137 F14.12 --- q [0.16/0.98]? Mass Ratio
139-154 F16.14 --- e_q [0.007/0.07]? Mass Ratio Error
156-168 F13.11 --- sigma [1.14/4.5]? Agreement between DR2 distances for
each star (σ)
170-179 A10 --- WDS Potential WDS (Washington Double Star Catalog;
B/wds) identifier (JHHMMm+DDMM)
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table4.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- LSPM Star name (JHHMM+DDMMW) from Lepine+, 2005, I/298
13- 27 F15.13 arcsec Sep [0.09/4.1] Angular Separation
29- 32 F4.2 arcsec e_Sep [0.07] Angular Separation Error
34- 48 F15.11 deg PA [1.26/360] Position Angle E of N
50- 54 F5.1 deg e_PA [1/359] Position Angle Error
56- 70 F15.13 mag Dmag [0.01/6] Contrast (Δmag)
72- 87 F16.14 mag e_Dmag [0.002/0.8] Contrast Error
89- 94 F6.2 --- Sig [2.2/244]? Detection Significance
96- 96 A1 --- FT [x] False Triple flag (1)
98-113 F16.12 au PSep [0.68/599]? Projected Physical Separation
115-130 F16.13 au e_PSep [0.07/27]? Projected Physical Separation Error
132-145 F14.12 --- q [0.16/1]? Mass Ratio
147-162 F16.14 --- e_q [0.004/0.2]? Mass Ratio Error
164-179 F16.13 --- sigma [0.01/26]? Agreement between DR2 distances for
each star (σ)
181-190 A10 --- WDS Potential WDS (Washington Double Star Catalog;
B/wds) identifier (JHHMMm+DDMM)
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Note (1): Flag as follows:
x = The position angle of systems marked as a false triple may be
offset by 180° (106 occurrences).
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Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
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Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- LSPM Star name from Lepine+, 2005, I/298
13- 31 I19 --- Gaia ? Gaia DR2 identifier
33- 36 I4 yr Obs.Y [2015/2017] Year of Robo-AO Observation
37- 38 I2 "month" Obs.M Month of Robo-AO Observation
39- 40 I2 d Obs.D Day of Robo-AO Observation, in month
42- 42 I1 --- NAO [0/3] Number of potential companions resolved
by Robo-AO
44- 44 I1 --- NGaia [0/1] Number of potential companions resolved
by Gaia DR2
46- 55 I10 --- TIC [1027083/2053833655]? Closest star in
the Tess Input Catalog (IV/38)
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History:
From electronic version of the journal
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 05-May-2020