J/AJ/160/181 Chemical abundances in red giants with Magellan (Ji+, 2020)
The southern stellar stream spectroscopic survey (S5): chemical abundances of
seven stellar streams.
Ji A.P., Li T.S., Hansen T.T., Casey A.R., Koposov S.E., Pace A.B.,
Mackey D., Lewis G.F., Simpson J.D., Bland-Hawthorn J., Cullinane L.R.,
Da Costa G.S., Hattori K., Martell S.L., Kuehn K., Erkal D., Shipp N.,
Wan Z., Zucker D.B.
<Astron. J., 160, 181 (2020)>
=2020AJ....160..181J 2020AJ....160..181J
ADC_Keywords: Stars, giant; Abundances; Effective temperatures;
Spectra, optical;
Keywords: Globular star clusters ; Stellar abundances ; Dwarf galaxies ;
Milky Way stellar halo
Abstract:
We present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy of 42 red giant
stars in seven stellar streams confirmed by the Southern Stellar
Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5): ATLAS, Aliqa Uma, Chenab, Elqui,
Indus, Jhelum, and Phoenix. Abundances of 30 elements have been
derived from over 10000 individual line measurements or upper limits
using photometric stellar parameters and a standard LTE analysis. This
is currently the most extensive set of element abundances for stars in
stellar streams. Three streams (ATLAS, Aliqa Uma, and Phoenix) are
disrupted metal-poor globular clusters, although only weak evidence is
seen for the light-element anticorrelations commonly observed in
globular clusters. Four streams (Chenab, Elqui, Indus, and Jhelum) are
disrupted dwarf galaxies, and their stars display abundance signatures
that suggest progenitors with stellar masses ranging from 106 to
107M☉. Extensive description is provided for the analysis methods,
including the derivation of a new method for including the effect of
stellar parameter correlations on each star's abundance and
uncertainty. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5m Magellan
Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.
Description:
The stars were observed with the Magellan/MIKE spectrograph over four
separate runs in 2018-2019, though most stars were observed in 2018
November and 2019 July (See table1 for more details on the
observations). R∼35k/28k and 28k/22k on the blue/red arms of MIKE,
respectively.
File Summary:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileName Lrecl Records Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ReadMe 80 . This file
table1.dat 123 42 Observations
table2.dat 45 42 Stellar parameters
table3.dat 28 592 Atomic data
table5.dat 111 10629 Line measurements
table6.dat 80 1206 Stellar abundances
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See also:
B/simbad : Simbad objects catalogue (M.Wenger 2000)
I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)
II/357 : The Dark Energy Survey (DES): Data Release 1 (Abbott+, 2018)
I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)
III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)
J/AJ/120/1841 : Abundances & Kinematics Halo & Disk Stars (Fulbright, 2000)
J/ApJ/612/447 : Draco 119 and HD 88609 equivalent widths (Fulbright+, 2004)
J/ApJ/617/1091 : La and Eu abundances in 85 stars (Simmerer+, 2004)
J/AJ/128/1177 : Galactic stellar abundances (Venn+, 2004)
J/A+A/439/129 : HERES II. Spectroscopic analysis (Barklem+, 2005)
J/AJ/130/2140 : Abundances & velocities in globular clusters (Pritzl+, 2005)
J/ApJS/167/292 : Laboratory transition proba. for GdII (Den Hartog+, 2006)
J/ApJS/162/227 : Transition probabilities for SmII (Lawler+, 2006)
J/A+A/464/201 : RGB stars in Sagittarius streams (Monaco+, 2007)
J/ApJ/667/1267 : CrI transition probabilities (Sobeck+, 2007)
J/A+A/490/625 : Abundances of NGC 6121 red giants (Marino+, 2008)
J/A+A/505/139 : Abund. of red giants 17 globular clusters (Carretta+, 2009)
J/A+A/505/117 : Abund. of red giants 15 globular clusters (Carretta+, 2009)
J/ApJ/701/1053 : Abundances of 8 stars in the Draco dSph (Cohen+, 2009)
J/ApJ/705/328 : Abundance measurements in Sculptor dSph (Kirby+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/51 : Transition proba. of rare earth elements (Lawler+, 2009)
J/ApJS/182/80 : Rare earth abundances (Sneden+, 2009)
J/ApJ/708/1290 : A 2MASS view of the Sgr dSph. VI. (Chou+, 2010)
J/ApJ/719/931 : Chemical evolution of the UMi dSph (Cohen+, 2010)
J/A+A/523/A17 : Individual stars in Fornax dSph center (Letarte+, 2010)
J/ApJ/723/1632 : Abundance spreads in Bootes I and Segue 1 (Norris+, 2010)
J/ApJ/711/350 : Metal-poor giant Boo-1137 abundances (Norris+, 2010)
J/ApJ/711/573 : Detailed abundances in halo stellar stream (Roederer+, 2010)
J/ApJS/194/35 : Atomic transition probabilities of Mn (Den Hartog+, 2011)
J/ApJ/736/146 : Radial velocities of stars in Bootes I (Koposov+, 2011)
J/AJ/141/175 : Abundances in M15 RGB/RHB stars (Sobeck+, 2011)
J/ApJ/760/86 : Equivalent widths for 13 NGC2419 RGB stars (Cohen+, 2012)
J/AJ/144/168 : Spectroscopy of Scl 1019417 and UMi 20103 (Kirby+, 2012)
J/A+A/538/A100 : Abundances red giants in Carina dSph (Lemasle+, 2012)
J/ApJ/750/76 : R-process peaks elements in HD 160617 (Roederer+, 2012)
J/ApJ/751/102 : Equivalent widths of 9 RGB in Carina dSph (Venn+, 2012)
J/ApJ/778/56 : Hamburg/ESO Survey extremely metal-poor stars (Cohen+, 2013)
J/ApJ/769/57 : Equivalent widths of metal-poor stars (Frebel+, 2013)
J/ApJ/763/61 : Abundances of 7 red giant members of BootesI (Gilmore+,2013)
J/ApJ/778/149 : Abundances for 3 stars in Sgr dSph (McWilliam+, 2013)
J/ApJS/208/27 : Sun and HD 84937 TiII log(gf) and abundances (Wood+, 2013)
J/MNRAS/444/392 : Synthetic Stellar Photometry. I. (Casagrande+, 2014)
J/ApJ/784/19 : Orphan stream high-resolution spectro. study (Casey+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/23 : FeI radiative lifetime & branching fract. (Den Hartog+,2014)
J/ApJ/786/74 : EW measurements of 6 Segue 1 red giants (Frebel+, 2014)
J/A+A/562/A146 : Chemical abundances of 8 metal-poor stars (Ishigaki+, 2014)
J/ApJ/797/15 : HST/WFC3 obs. in 4 metal-poor GCs of Fornax (Larsen+, 2014)
J/ApJS/215/20 : Vanadium log(gf) and transition probabilities (Lawler+,2014)
J/A+A/571/A47 : Extensive linelist of CH in stellar atmo. (Masseron+, 2014)
J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014)
J/AJ/147/136 : Stars very low metal abund. VI. Abundances (Roederer+, 2014)
J/MNRAS/441/3127 : FeI oscillator strengths for Gaia-ESO (Ruffoni+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/26 : Line lists for CN isotopes transitions (Sneden+, 2014)
J/ApJS/214/18 : VII log(gf) values, and V abundance in HD 84937 (Wood+ 2014)
J/ApJS/211/20 : NiI transition probability measurements (Wood+, 2014)
J/ApJS/220/13 : Co I transition probabilities (Lawler+, 2015)
J/ApJS/221/24 : SDSS-III APOGEE H-band spectral line lists (Shetrone+, 2015)
J/ApJ/802/93 : Chemical abund. analysis 5 stars in Sculptor (Simon+, 2015)
J/A+A/574/A129 : The First CEMP star in the Sculptor dSph (Skuladottir+,2015)
J/MNRAS/449/761 : EWs of metal-poor stars in UMi I dSph galaxy (Ural+, 2015)
J/ApJ/826/110 : Boo-127 and Boo-980 high-resolution spectra (Frebel+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for 15 APOGEE chemic elements (Garcia+, 2016)
J/A+A/585/A86 : Fornax dSph H4 globular cluster stars (Hendricks+, 2016)
J/ApJ/830/93 : Abundances of Ret II brightest red giant memb. (Ji+, 2016)
J/AJ/151/82 : 4 brightest red giants in UFD galaxy Ret 2 (Roederer+, 2016)
J/ApJ/817/53 : Fe-group elemental abund. analysis in HD84937 (Sneden+,2016)
J/A+A/608/A145 : What is the Milky Way outer halo made of? (Battaglia+, 2017)
J/ApJ/847/142 : Ultra-metal-poor stars LTE & NLTE abund. (Ezzeddine+, 2017)
J/ApJS/228/10 : Transition proba. for 183 lines of Cr II (Lawler+, 2017)
J/AJ/154/94 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Majewski+, 2017)
J/ApJS/230/28 : The populations of Carina. II. Abundances (Norris+, 2017)
J/ApJ/855/83 : Abund. very metal-poor stars in Sagittarius (Hansen+, 2018)
J/A+A/631/A80 : Mn lines 3D NLTE formation late-type stars (Bergemann+,2019)
J/A+A/626/A15 : Sculptor Red Giant Branch stars abundances (Hill+, 2019)
J/A+A/627/A177 : Non-LTE analysis of K I in late-type stars (Reggiani+, 2019)
J/ApJ/889/63 : Properties of Sgr Stars (Hayes+, 2020)
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Star name
13- 31 I19 --- Gaia Gaia DR2 identification
33- 34 I2 h RAh [0/23] Hour of right ascension (J2000)
36- 37 I2 min RAm Minute of right ascension (J2000)
39- 43 F5.2 s RAs Second of right ascension (J2000)
45 A1 --- DE- [-] Sign of declination (J2000)
46- 47 I2 deg DEd [22/64] Degree of declination (J2000)
49- 50 I2 arcmin DEm Arcminute of declination (J2000)
52- 55 F4.1 arcsec DEs Arcsecond of declination (J2000)
57- 60 I4 yr Obs.Y [2018/2019] UT year of observation
62- 64 A3 "month" Obs.M UT month of observation
66- 67 I2 d Obs.D UT day of observation
69- 76 F8.2 d MJD [58391/58776] Modified Julian Date of
observation
78- 82 F5.2 mag gmag [15.4/17.8] g-band magnitude
84- 88 F5.2 mag rmag [14.7/17.2] r-band magnitude
90- 92 I3 min Texp [20/134] Exposure time
94- 96 F3.1 arcsec Slit [0.7/1] Slit
98- 99 I2 --- S/N4500 [13/27] Signal-to-noise ratio at 4500Å
101-102 I2 --- S/N6500 [21/54] Signal-to-noise ratio at 6500Å
104-109 F6.1 km/s Vhel [-160/64] Heliocentric velocity
111-113 F3.1 km/s e_Vhel [0.2/0.7] Error on Vhel
115-116 I2 --- Nord [10/35] Number of orders to calculate Vaat
118-123 F6.1 km/s Vaat [-160/67] Final velocity (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): The final velocity is an inverse-variance weighted mean of the
remaining order velocities.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Star name
13- 16 I4 K Teff [4263/5292] Effective temperature
18- 19 I2 K e_Teff [39/75] Error on Teff
21- 24 F4.2 [-] logg [0.56/2.56] Surface gravity
26- 29 F4.2 [-] e_logg [0.16/0.17] Error on logg
31- 34 F4.2 km/s Vt [1.47/2.44] Turbulence velocity
36- 39 F4.2 km/s e_Vt [0.07/0.59] Error on Vt
41- 45 F5.2 [-] [M/H] [-2.93/-1.62] Metallicity (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): All [M/H] errors are taken to be 0.2dex.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table3.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 5 A5 --- Ion Ion identifier (35 species)
7- 13 F7.2 0.1nm Wave [3729.81/7788.93] Wavelength; Angstroms
15- 18 F4.2 eV EP [0/5.96]? Excitation potential
20- 25 F6.2 [-] loggf [-10.3/0.58]? log oscillator strength
27- 28 I2 --- Ref [1/33] Reference code (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): References as follows:
1 = Masseron+, 2014A&A...571..A47M
2 = Sneden+, 2014, J/ApJS/214/26
3 = Caffau+, 2008A&A...488.1031C 2008A&A...488.1031C
4 = Kramida+, 2019
5 = Ryabchikova+, 2015PhyS...90e4005R 2015PhyS...90e4005R
6 = Lawler & Dakin (1989), using hfs from Kurucz & Bell 1995KurCD..23.....K 1995KurCD..23.....K
7 = Lawler+, 2013ApJS..205...11L 2013ApJS..205...11L
8 = Wood+, 2013, J/ApJS/208/27
9 = Lawler+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/20
10 = Wood+, (2014a) [2014ApJS..214...18W 2014ApJS..214...18W];
11 = Sobeck+, 2007, J/ApJS/214/18
12 = Lawler+, 2017, J/ApJS/228/10
13 = Den Hartog+, 2011, J/ApJS/194/35
14 = Belmonte+, 2017ApJ...848..125B 2017ApJ...848..125B
15 = Den Hartog+, 2014, J/ApJS/215/23
16 = O'Brian+, 1991JOSAB...8.1185O 1991JOSAB...8.1185O
17 = Ruffoni+, 2014, J/MNRAS/441/3127
18 = Melendez & Barbuy 2009A&A...497..611M 2009A&A...497..611M
19 = Den Hartog+, 2019ApJS..243...33D 2019ApJS..243...33D
20 = Lawler+, 2015, J/ApJS/220/13
21 = Wood+, 2014, J/ApJS/211/20
22 = Roederer & Lawler, 2012, J/ApJ/750/76
23 = Biemont+, 2011MNRAS.414.3350B 2011MNRAS.414.3350B
24 = Hannaford+, 1982ApJ...261..736H 1982ApJ...261..736H
25 = Ljung+, 2006A&A...456.1181L 2006A&A...456.1181L
26 = McWilliam+, 1998AJ....115.1640M 1998AJ....115.1640M
27 = Lawler+, 2001ApJ...556..452L 2001ApJ...556..452L
28 = Lawler+, 2009, J/ApJS/182/51
29 = Den Hartog+, 2003ApJS..148..543D 2003ApJS..148..543D
30 = Lawler+, 2006, J/ApJS/162/227
31 = Lawler+, 2001ApJ...563.1075L 2001ApJ...563.1075L
32 = Den Hartog+, 2006, J/ApJS/167/292
33 = Sneden+, 2009, J/ApJS/182/80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Star Name
13- 19 F7.2 0.1nm Wave [3741/7789] Wavelength; Angstroms
21- 25 F5.1 --- Ion [8.0/607.0] Species identifier (1)
27- 30 F4.2 eV EP [0.0/5.08]? Excitation potential
32- 37 F6.2 [-] loggf [-10.19/0.58]? log oscillator strength
39- 43 F5.1 10-13m EW [8.7/571.8]? Equivalent width; milli-Angstroms
45- 45 A1 --- f_EW [s] Flag on EW (2)
47- 51 F5.1 10-13m e_EW [0/267.1]? Uncertainty in EW
53- 56 F4.2 --- FWHM [0/0.49]? Full-Width at Half-Maximum
59- 59 A1 --- l_logeps Formal 5σ upper limit flag
61- 65 F5.2 [-] logeps [-2.22/8.91] log abundance
67- 70 F4.2 [-] e_logeps [0.03/0.92]? Uncertainty in logeps
72- 75 F4.2 [-] ei [0.0/0.86]? Statistical abundance uncertainty
77- 80 F4.2 [-] sX [0.0/0.83]? Systematic abundance uncertainty
82- 86 F5.2 [-] delTeff [-0.19/0.52]? Abundance difference from stellar
effective temperature uncertainty
88- 92 F5.2 [-] dellogg [-0.87/0.44]? Abundance difference from stellar
surface gravity uncertainty
94- 98 F5.2 [-] delVt [-0.48/0.1]? Abundance difference from stellar
microturbulence uncertainty
100-104 F5.2 [-] del[M/H] [-0.22/0.22]? Abundance difference from stellar
metallicity uncertainty
106-111 F6.2 --- wi [-73.0/604.14]? Effective weight
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note (1): In the format X.Y where X is the atomic number
and Y is the ionization.
Note (2): Flag as follows:
s = the abundance and its uncertainty were derived from synthesized
lines (1797 occurrences).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Byte-by-byte Description of file: table6.dat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bytes Format Units Label Explanations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- 11 A11 --- Name Star name
13- 17 A5 --- Ion Ion identifier
19- 21 I3 --- Num [1/130] Number of lines used
23 A1 --- l_logeps Formal 5σ upper limit flag
25- 29 F5.2 [-] logeps [-2.22/9.02] log abundance
31- 35 F5.2 [-] [X/H] [-4.24/1.01] log abundance relative to H
37- 40 F4.2 [-] e_[X/H] [0.04/0.63]? Uncertainty in [X/H]
42- 46 F5.2 [-] [X/Fe] [-1.63/3.66] log abundance relative to Fe [X/Fe]
48- 51 F4.2 [-] e_[X/Fe] [0.0/0.63]? Uncertainty in [X/Fe]
53- 57 F5.2 [-] deltaT [-0.1/0.18]? Weighted response of species X to
effective temperature
59- 63 F5.2 [-] deltag [-0.28/0.16]? Weighted response of species X to
log surface gravity
65- 69 F5.2 [-] deltaV [-0.38/0.06]? Weighted response of species X to
microturbulence velocity
71- 75 F5.2 [-] deltaM [-0.14/0.18]? Weighted response of species X to
metallicity
77- 80 F4.2 [-] sX [0.0/0.83]? Systematic uncertainty
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
History:
From electronic version of the journal
References:
Li et al. 2019MNRAS.490.3508L 2019MNRAS.490.3508L
(End) Prepared by [AAS], Coralie Fix [CDS], 18-Nov-2020